Chapter 11- Bacteria Quiz (Gram Negative Part 1)

The correct answer is Gonorrhea and Meningitis. The genus Neisseria is known for including bacteria that cause these two diseases. Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted infection caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, while Meningitis is an infection of the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord, often caused by Neisseria meningitidis.

Bordetella Pertussis colonizes the nasopharynx and trachea in humans and causes "whooping cough." This is because the bacteria specifically infects and multiplies in the upper respiratory tract, leading to inflammation and the characteristic symptoms of whooping cough, such as severe coughing fits and the "whooping" sound during inhalation. It does not colonize the small intestines, meninges, or colon, nor does it cause reproductive diseases in pigs, dogs, or cattle.

T. Pallidum is the correct answer because it is the bacteria that causes syphilis. Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by this bacterium. It can be transmitted through sexual contact, including vaginal, anal, and oral sex. If left untreated, syphilis can lead to serious complications and health problems. Therefore, identifying T. Pallidum as the cause of syphilis is important for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Pseudomonas is the correct answer because it is a bacteria that is known to cause trouble for burn victims and produce a blue/green pus. It is also known to carry multiple resistance plasmids, which means it can be resistant to many antibiotics. However, it is sensitive to gentamycins and silver compounds, which can be used to treat infections caused by Pseudomonas.

Klebsiella is the correct answer because it is a bacteria that produces a distinct capsule and mucoid colonies. It is known to cause pneumonias and septicemias, which aligns with the given information. Enterobacter, on the other hand, may also produce a capsule and mucoid colonies, but it is associated with urinary and respiratory infections, not pneumonias and septicemias. Both Klebsiella and Enterobacter are considered nonsocomial and opportunistic bacteria, but this information is not relevant to the given question.

The correct answer is that Treponema, Borrelia, and Leptospira are all spirochetes and sensitive to penicillin. Spirochetes are a type of bacteria characterized by their spiral shape and they are known to cause various diseases. Penicillin is an antibiotic that is effective against many types of bacteria, including spirochetes. Therefore, all three of these bacteria are sensitive to penicillin treatment. The other options in the question are incorrect as they do not accurately describe the characteristics or treatment options for these bacteria.

Proteus is a genus of bacteria that is known for its distinct characteristic of having peritrichous flagella and forming swarming colonies. Peritrichous flagella means that the bacteria have multiple flagella distributed all over their surface, allowing them to move in a highly motile manner. Swarming colonies refer to the ability of Proteus bacteria to move collectively in a coordinated manner across a surface. This characteristic is important for their survival and colonization in various environments.

A commensal pathogen refers to a pathogen that lives within us. Unlike opportunistic pathogens that take advantage of certain conditions to cause infection, commensal pathogens coexist with their host without causing harm. They typically reside in or on our bodies without causing disease, but under certain circumstances, they can become pathogenic and cause infections. This distinction sets them apart from higher level pathogens, which are typically more virulent and capable of causing disease in a wider range of hosts. The term "fastidious pathogen" refers to a pathogen that has specific growth requirements and is more difficult to cultivate in the laboratory, which is not the same as a commensal pathogen.

An undulant fever, also known as brucellosis, is caused by the bacteria Brucella. This fever is characterized by periods of rising and falling temperatures. It does not stay consistent for up to 3 days, put the patient in a coma, or indicate a hypothalamus disease. While medication may be necessary to treat the fever, it is not stated that it will not go down without medication.

Acinetobacter is the correct answer because it is a bacteria genus that is known to cause severe infections after traumatic injuries and is also emerging as a nosocomial infection. It is susceptible to imipenems and polymyxins, which are types of antibiotics.

Salmonella is the correct answer because it is a bacteria that produces hydrogen sulfide but is incapable of lactose fermentation. Lactose fermentation is a process in which bacteria break down lactose, a sugar found in milk, into lactic acid. Salmonella cannot perform this process, but it does produce hydrogen sulfide, a gas that has a distinct rotten egg smell. Klebsiella, Escherichia, Yersinia, and Chlamydia may or may not produce hydrogen sulfide, but they are all capable of lactose fermentation.

Culture/Biochemical tests are used to differentiate between Klebsiella and Enterobacter. These tests involve growing the bacteria in specific media and observing their growth characteristics and metabolic activities. Klebsiella and Enterobacter have different biochemical reactions and can be distinguished based on their ability to ferment different sugars, produce specific enzymes, and metabolize certain compounds. Acid-Fast staining is used to identify acid-fast bacteria like Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is not relevant to differentiating between Klebsiella and Enterobacter. Capsule staining is used to visualize the presence of a capsule around bacteria, but it does not specifically help in distinguishing between Klebsiella and Enterobacter. Asking Prof Rodriguez is not a valid method for differentiating between the two bacteria.

Tetracycline is the proper treatment for Legionella Pneumophila because it is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that is effective against a wide range of bacteria, including Legionella. Tetracycline works by inhibiting the production of proteins necessary for bacterial growth, ultimately killing the bacteria. It is commonly used to treat various respiratory infections, including Legionnaires' disease caused by Legionella Pneumophila. Other antibiotics like Ampicillin, Gentamycin, and Erythromycin may also be effective against Legionella, but Tetracycline is specifically mentioned as the correct answer. Aspirin, on the other hand, is not an antibiotic and would not be effective in treating a bacterial infection.

Escherichia is sensitive to tetracycline, erythromycin, and ampicillin. This means that these antibiotics are effective in inhibiting the growth and reproduction of Escherichia bacteria. It is not sensitive to vancomycin or penicillin. Additionally, the answer states that Escherichia is sensitive to all antibiotics that inhibit cell membrane synthesis, but this is not accurate as it is only sensitive to tetracycline, erythromycin, and ampicillin.

Salmonella is a type of bacteria that can cause food poisoning. It is sensitive to ACT, which stands for Ampicillin/Chloramphenicol/Trimethoprim, meaning these antibiotics can effectively kill the bacteria. Additionally, Salmonella can be destroyed by boiling at a minimum temperature of 70 degrees Celsius. Boiling at this temperature ensures that the bacteria are killed and the food is safe to consume.