The Enterobacteriaceae Quiz

Salmonella is the correct answer because it is a member of the Salmonelleae tribe. The other options listed are also members of the Enterobacteriaceae family but do not belong to the Salmonelleae tribe. Salmonella is a genus of bacteria that can cause food poisoning and other illnesses in humans and animals.

The given list consists of various genera that belong to the Citrobacteriaceae tribe. Citrobacter is one of the genera in this tribe, making it the correct answer. The other genera listed, such as Escherichia, Shigella, Edwardsiella, Salmonella, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Pantoea, Cronobacter, Hafnia, and Serratia, are also members of the Citrobacteriaceae tribe, but they are not the correct answer to the question.

The given list includes various genera of bacteria. The question asks for the member/s of the Yersinieae tribe. Among the listed bacteria, Yersinia is the only genus that belongs to the Yersinieae tribe. Therefore, Yersinia is the correct answer.

The given list consists of various bacterial genera. The question asks for the member/s of the Edwardsielleae tribe. From the list, Edwardsiella is the only genus that belongs to the Edwardsielleae tribe. Therefore, the correct answer is Edwardsiella.

The color change in the Methyl red test is caused by the presence of mixed acids and Methyl red. Methyl red is a pH indicator that changes color in response to a shift in pH. In the presence of mixed acids, the pH of the solution changes, causing Methyl red to undergo a color change. This color change is used as a diagnostic test to determine the presence of certain bacteria that produce mixed acids as a byproduct of their metabolism.

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The correct answer includes the bacteria Morganella, Providencia, and Proteus. These three bacteria are known to produce phenylalanine deaminase enzyme, which is detected through the phenylalanine deaminase test. This test is used to differentiate between different species of bacteria in the Enterobacteriaceae family based on their ability to break down phenylalanine. Therefore, Morganella, Providencia, and Proteus can be identified by their positive reaction to this test.

The color change in the MUG test is caused by the presence of the 4-Methylumbelliferyl moiety. This moiety undergoes a hydrolysis reaction in the presence of the enzyme beta-glucuronidase, which is produced by certain bacteria. This hydrolysis reaction results in the release of a fluorescent compound, which causes a color change that can be detected and used to identify the presence of these bacteria.

Shigella is the correct answer because it is the only bacterium listed that is negative for hydrogen sulfide (H2S) production. The other bacteria listed, such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella, are known to produce H2S.

Ferrous sulfide is the substance that causes the color change in the SIM: Sulfide test. This test is used to detect the production of hydrogen sulfide gas by bacteria. When ferrous sulfide reacts with hydrogen sulfide gas, it forms a black precipitate, which indicates a positive result for the test. Therefore, the presence of ferrous sulfide causes the color change in the test.

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The organisms listed in the answer are all rapid lactose fermenters, meaning they are capable of breaking down lactose quickly. This is due to the presence of lactose permease and β-galactosidase enzymes, which allow them to transport and metabolize lactose. These organisms are commonly found in the Enterobacteriaceae family and are important pathogens in human and animal infections.

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The given answer correctly identifies the characteristics of Enterobacteriaceae. Enterobacteriaceae are gram-negative non-sporeforming rods, meaning they do not form spores and have a specific cell wall structure that stains pink during the Gram staining process. They are also facultative anaerobes, which means they can survive with or without oxygen. Additionally, Enterobacteriaceae are known to ferment glucose, which is a metabolic process that breaks down glucose for energy. Therefore, the answer accurately describes the key features of Enterobacteriaceae.

Shigella is the correct answer because it is the only bacterium listed that matches the given information. The statement "K/A; H2S negative" refers to the biochemical reactions of the bacterium. "K/A" indicates that the bacterium is able to ferment glucose, while "H2S negative" means that it does not produce hydrogen sulfide. Shigella is the only bacterium listed that exhibits these specific biochemical reactions.

Salmonella is the correct answer because it is the only bacterium listed that is H2S positive. The other bacteria listed may be commonly found in the gastrointestinal tract, but they do not produce hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas. Salmonella, on the other hand, is known to produce H2S gas, which can be detected using the K/K (alkaline/acid) reaction on a triple sugar iron agar test. Therefore, Salmonella is the most likely bacterium based on the given information.

The given list includes various genera of bacteria. The question asks for the member/s of the Proteeae tribe. Among the given options, Proteus, Providencia, and Morganella are the members of the Proteeae tribe.

The correct answer is Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, and Enterobacter. This is because these three bacteria are known to produce acid and gas from glucose fermentation, which is indicated by the A/A result in the TSI test. Additionally, they are all H2S negative, meaning they do not produce hydrogen sulfide gas. The other bacteria listed may or may not produce acid and gas from glucose fermentation, and their H2S production is not specified in the given information.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the correct answer because it is the only bacteria listed that is negative for hydrogen sulfide (H2S) production. The other bacteria listed, such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, and Salmonella, are known to produce H2S. Therefore, Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the only bacteria that fits the given information of being K/K (non-lactose fermenter) and H2S negative.

The given list consists of various bacteria species. The correct answer includes three bacteria: Morganella, Providencia rettgeri, and Proteus. These bacteria are known as rapid urease producers, meaning they have the ability to rapidly produce the enzyme urease. Urease is an important enzyme that helps in the breakdown of urea into ammonia and carbon dioxide. This ability is significant in the identification and differentiation of these bacteria in laboratory tests.

The color change in the Urease test is caused by the reaction of H2O, CO2, and Ammonia (NH3), which leads to a shift in pH. This change in pH is detected by the indicator used in the test, resulting in a visible color change.

Putrescine is the correct answer because it is one of the substances that causes the color change in Ornithine Decarboxylase and Arginine Dihydrolase. The other substances listed in the options do not have any relevance to the color change in these enzymes.

N,N dimethyl α-naphthylamine and Sulfanilic acid cause the color change in Nitrate reduction.

Cadaverine is the correct answer because it is an amine that is produced during the decarboxylation of lysine in Lysine Iron Agar. This process involves the removal of a carboxyl group from lysine, resulting in the production of cadaverine. The color change in the agar is a result of the reaction between cadaverine and other components in the medium, leading to the formation of a specific color.

The given list consists of bacteria that are slow urease producers. Slow urease producers are bacteria that produce urease, an enzyme that breaks down urea into ammonia and carbon dioxide, at a slower rate compared to other bacteria. Citrobacter, Serratia, Klebsiella, Enterobacter gergoviae, and Yersinia are all examples of slow urease producers. These bacteria may cause urinary tract infections or other infections in the body and their ability to produce urease can contribute to the development of certain clinical conditions.

Citrobacter is the correct answer because it matches the given information of being A/A or A/AG and H2S positive. The other options do not meet both criteria. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Salmonella, and Shigella can be A/A or A/AG, but they are not H2S positive. Proteus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa can be H2S positive, but they are not A/A or A/AG. Therefore, Citrobacter is the only option that fulfills both conditions.

Ammonia and ammonium hydroxide cause a shift in pH to alkaline, which in turn causes the color change in Citrate utilization.

The given answer includes the genera Escherichia and Shigella. Both Escherichia and Shigella belong to the Escherichieae tribe, which is a group of bacteria within the family Enterobacteriaceae. These bacteria are gram-negative, facultative anaerobes, and commonly found in the intestines of humans and other animals. Escherichia coli is a well-known species that is a normal inhabitant of the gut microbiota and can also cause various infections. Shigella species are responsible for causing shigellosis, a type of bacterial diarrhea. Therefore, the answer correctly identifies the members of the Escherichieae tribe.

The Voges-Proskauer test is used to detect the presence of certain bacteria that produce the enzyme acetoin during glucose fermentation. A positive result indicates the presence of these bacteria. Therefore, the correct answer includes Serratia, Hafnia, Klebsiella, and Enterobacter, as these bacteria are known to produce acetoin and would give a positive Voges-Proskauer test result.

These are all bacteria that are known to produce hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Hydrogen sulfide is a colorless gas that has a characteristic rotten egg smell. These bacteria have the ability to produce this gas as a byproduct of their metabolism. Salmonella, Proteus, Arizona (now Salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae), Citrobacter, Edwardsiella, and the other bacteria listed are all examples of H2S producers.

Indophenol is the substance that causes the color change in the Oxidase test.

The given list includes various bacteria that are late lactose fermenters and possess the enzyme β-galactosidase. These bacteria are capable of fermenting lactose, but they do so at a slower rate compared to early lactose fermenters. The bacteria listed in the answer (Salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae, Shigella sonnei, Serratia, Hafnia, Yersinia, and Citrobacter) belong to this category. They can utilize lactose as a carbon source and produce acid, but the fermentation process is not as rapid as in early lactose fermenters like Escherichia, Klebsiella, and Enterobacter.

A triarylmethane dye is the substance that causes the color change in the SIM: Indole test.

Citrobacter is the correct answer because it is the only option among the given choices that is K/A (Kligler's Iron Agar) positive and H2S (hydrogen sulfide) positive. K/A positive means that the bacteria can ferment glucose and produce acid, causing the agar to turn yellow. H2S positive means that the bacteria can produce hydrogen sulfide gas, which reacts with iron in the agar to produce a black precipitate. Among the other options, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Salmonella, Proteus, Shigella, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa do not exhibit both K/A and H2S positive reactions.

The given answer includes the bacteria Proteus, Providencia, and Morganella. These bacteria are known as members of the Enterobacteriaceae family and are commonly found in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals. They are gram-negative bacteria and are often associated with urinary tract infections and other infections in the body. These bacteria can produce hydrogen sulfide (H2S), which is a characteristic that helps to differentiate them from other bacteria listed in the question. Therefore, based on the information provided, Proteus, Providencia, and Morganella are the correct answers.

Salmonella and Proteus are the only two options that fit the given criteria of being H2S positive. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Citrobacter, Shigella, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are not H2S positive. Therefore, the correct answer is Salmonella and Proteus.

The color change in Lysine Iron Agar (Lysine deamination) is caused by the reaction of NH3 (ammonia) with α ketocarboxylic acid, Ferric ammonium citrate, and Flavin mononucleotide (coenzyme). This reaction leads to a shift in pH, which results in a color change in the medium.

The given list consists of non-lactose fermenters, which are bacteria that do not produce acid when fermenting lactose. Salmonella, Shigella, Proteus, Providencia, Morganella, Edwardsiella, and Erwinia are all examples of non-lactose fermenters. These bacteria are important to identify in the laboratory as they can cause various infections in humans. By knowing their characteristics, healthcare professionals can determine the appropriate treatment and control measures for these infections.

These are all members of the Klebsielleae tribe.

The given answer includes several bacteria that are known to be indole positive. These bacteria have the ability to produce indole, which is a byproduct of tryptophan metabolism. Indole production can be detected using a biochemical test called the Kovac's reagent test. Morganella, Providencia, Plesiomonas, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Edwardsiella tarda, and Klebsiella oxytoca are all examples of bacteria that are indole positive.

The given list of bacteria includes Citrobacter, Providencia, Serratia, Hafnia, Klebsiella, and Enterobacter. These bacteria are all citrate positive, meaning they are capable of utilizing citrate as a carbon source for growth. Citrate utilization is an important characteristic used in the identification and differentiation of bacteria in the Enterobacteriaceae family. Other bacteria in the list may not be citrate positive.