Bac 2100 Gram Positive Bacteria

The symptoms of Clostridium Botulium include flaccid muscle paralysis, double vision, general muscle weakness, and respiratory paralysis. These symptoms are caused by the toxins produced by the bacteria, which affect the nervous system and interfere with the transmission of nerve signals to the muscles. As a result, the affected individual experiences muscle weakness and paralysis. Double vision and respiratory paralysis are also common symptoms due to the involvement of the cranial nerves and the muscles responsible for breathing.

Bacillus cereus can be obtained by improperly cooking food at lower temperatures. This bacterium is commonly found in soil and can contaminate food if it is not cooked thoroughly at high enough temperatures to kill the bacteria. Consuming undercooked or reheated food that has been contaminated with Bacillus cereus can lead to food poisoning symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.

The symptoms of Clostridium Difficile include severe diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and fever.

Clostridium Botulium produces neurotoxins that block acetylcholine from the nerve terminals in the autonomic nervous system (ANS). This leads to the inhibition of muscle contractions, causing muscle weakness and paralysis. The neurotoxins produced by Clostridium Botulium are among the most potent known toxins and can cause a severe and potentially fatal condition called botulism.

Clostridium tetani is a bacterium that causes tetanus, a serious infection. The bacterium can enter the body through a wound, and one possible way this can happen is through the penetration of the skin by a rusted nail. When the skin is punctured by a rusty nail, the bacteria can be introduced into the body, leading to infection. It is important to seek medical attention and get a tetanus shot if this occurs to prevent the development of tetanus symptoms.

Bacillus anthracis is the correct answer because it is the only bacteria listed that produces a protein capsule made of poly-D-glutamic acid. This capsule helps the bacteria evade the immune system by preventing phagocytosis, which is the process by which immune cells engulf and destroy foreign particles or pathogens. The other bacteria listed do not produce this specific protein capsule.

The correct answer is b) Protective antigen(PA) c) Lethal Factor ( LF) and plasmid pX02 ; Bacillus anthracis. This is because the question is asking for the second endotoxin produced by the bacteria Bacillus anthracis, which is known to cause anthrax. The first endotoxin is not mentioned in the question, but it is implied that it is the edema factor (EF) produced by the plasmid called pXO1. The second endotoxin is the lethal factor (LF) produced by the plasmid pX02. Therefore, the correct answer is b) Protective antigen(PA) c) Lethal Factor ( LF) and plasmid pX02 ; Bacillus anthracis.

Clostridium perfringens is caused by being inoculated with trauma into muscles and having necrotic skin exposed to bacteria, which leads to the bacteria growing and damaging local tissue. This explanation suggests that the bacteria enters the body through a traumatic injury, such as a deep cut or puncture, and then infects the surrounding tissue, causing damage and potentially leading to further complications.

Bacillus cereus produces two enterotoxins: a heat-labile toxin and a heat-stable toxin. The heat-labile toxin causes symptoms such as nausea, abdominal pain, and diarrhea, which typically last for 12-24 hours. On the other hand, the heat-stable toxin is similar to the toxin produced by Staphylococcus Aureus, causing severe nausea and slight diarrhea. The incubation period for the heat-stable toxin is short.

The correct answer states that Bacillus anthracis produces two enterotoxins. The first enterotoxin is associated with a plasmid called PXO1, which encodes three proteins. The first protein is edema factor (EF), which disrupts water homeostasis. The second protein is protective antigen (PA), which promotes the entry of EF into the phagocytic cell. The third protein is lethal factor (LF), a zinc metalloprotease that inactivates protein kinase. The second enterotoxin is associated with a plasmid called PX02, which encodes three genes required for the synthesis of the poly-glutamyl capsule.

The symptoms described in option A match with the symptoms of Clostridium tetani infection, also known as tetanus. Tetanus is characterized by severe muscle spasms, including lockjaw.