Sociology Practice Exam 1

Poverty calculated in absolute material terms.  To exist in absolute poverty is to be without sufficient nutritious food, decent and safe shelter, adequate access to education, etc.

Offences committed by corporate officials for their corporation or the offences of the corporation

the application of standard principles and practices of western scientific disciplines, particularly biology, in the diagnosis and treatment of symptoms of illness

Disorders supposed to afflict people of only certain ethnicity, often created to psychologize problems brought on by western colonial control

The recognition that different cultures have different ways of practicing medicine, including different social courses of medicine, different techniques, and different physical medicines

Health problems that are supposedly caused by health professionals

The view that the availability of good medical care varies inversely with the need for it in the population served

the culture that through its political and economic power is able to impose its values, language, and ways of behaving and interpreting behaviour on agiven society

-       social process in which groups of people are viewed and judged as essentially different in terms of their intellect, morality, values, and innate worth because of differences of physical type or cultural heritage

A situation in which professional control work is deemed socially important ( eg teachers in education, doctors and nurses in health care)

Denoting any unrealistic statement or theory that attempts to explain a set of phenomena by referring to a single cause. In sociology, this includes class reductionism, or reducing all inequality to gender, race, ethnicity

The view that knowledge is developed from a particular lived position, and that objectivity is thus impossible

the study of how health is distributed in our society

The sick role was developed by

First introduced medicalization

§  various ways in which diagnosis and cure cause problems that are equal to or greater than the health problems they are meant to resolve. ·      Example: patient enters hospital for treatment of one ailment and becomes infected with a virus originating in the hospital

§  the deliberate obscuring of political conditions that ‘render society unhealthy’

§  when the knowledge and abilities of the medical community are extolled or mythologized to the point where the authority of the health profession ‘tends to mystify and to expropriate the power of the individual to heal himself and to shape his or her environment’  

Who introduced the idea of the inverse care law

The landowner class of feudal times, who owned the land worked on by the peasants

The process of assigning individuals responsibility for harmful events or circumstances that have broader social causes

The owners of the means of production, or capital, as these were known during the industrial era

The shared sense of common membership and common purpose that social group have

Ranked groups each making up 10% of a total population, used for statistical analysis of such things as household income

A set of beliefs put forward by and in support of the dominant culture and/or ruling classes within a society, which helps to justify their dominant position and dominating practices