Sociology Practice Quiz #3

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  • 1/50 Questions

    An ordered series of questions intended to elicit information from research respondents is known as:

    • An experiment
    • Participant observation
    • A case study
    • A survey
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Sociology Quizzes & Trivia
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This quiz is to help me study for my sociology exam.

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  • 2. 

    Lance is a sociologist who has mailed 10,000 surveys to possible respondents in a population he is studying. He hopes to get responses from, and have a sample of, at least 5,000. This is known as:

    • The response rate

    • Probing

    • Selection bias

    • Validity

    Correct Answer
    A. The response rate
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "the response rate". The response rate refers to the percentage of surveys that are completed and returned by the respondents. In this case, Lance is hoping to receive responses from at least 5,000 out of the 10,000 surveys he mailed out, which would indicate a higher response rate. A higher response rate is generally desired as it increases the representativeness and reliability of the sample, allowing for more accurate conclusions to be drawn about the population being studied.

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  • 3. 

    The main reason that achieving high response rates and limiting selection bias are so important is that they lead to:

    • Increasing generalizability

    • Decreasing generalizability

    • Increasing validity

    • Decreasing validity

    Correct Answer
    A. Increasing generalizability
    Explanation
    Achieving high response rates and limiting selection bias are important because they increase the generalizability of the findings. When a study has a high response rate and minimizes selection bias, the sample is more representative of the target population. This means that the results can be more confidently generalized to the larger population, increasing the external validity of the study. By contrast, low response rates and high selection bias can limit the generalizability of the findings, making it difficult to apply the results to a broader population. Therefore, achieving high response rates and limiting selection bias are crucial for increasing generalizability.

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  • 4. 

    The General Social Survey (GSS) is replicated yearly with a new sample of 2,000 respondents. This is an example of:

    • An experiment

    • Participant observation

    • A repeated cross-sectional survey

    • A longitudinal study

    Correct Answer
    A. A repeated cross-sectional survey
    Explanation
    The General Social Survey (GSS) is a survey that is conducted every year with a new sample of 2,000 respondents. This means that each year, a different group of people is surveyed, allowing researchers to compare different cohorts and analyze changes in attitudes and behaviors over time. This approach is known as a repeated cross-sectional survey, as it involves collecting data at multiple points in time from different groups of individuals. It is not considered an experiment or a longitudinal study because it does not involve manipulating variables or following the same individuals over an extended period.

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  • 5. 

    A type of longitudinal study in which the same sample of respondents is tracked over a long period of time is known as:

    • An experiment

    • Participant observation

    • The historical method

    • A panel study

    Correct Answer
    A. A panel study
    Explanation
    A panel study is a type of longitudinal study where the same group of respondents is followed and observed over an extended period of time. This allows researchers to track changes and developments within the group, providing valuable insights into how certain variables may affect individuals over time. Unlike other options mentioned, such as an experiment or participant observation, a panel study focuses on observing and analyzing the same group of respondents rather than manipulating variables or directly participating in the research process. The historical method, on the other hand, refers to a research technique that involves studying past events and records.

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  • 6. 

    Researchers studying social movements often use which of the following methods, which involves collecting data from written reports and other artifacts that date to a specific time period?

    • Experiments

    • Audit studies

    • Panel surveys

    • Historical methods

    Correct Answer
    A. Historical methods
    Explanation
    Researchers studying social movements often use historical methods, which involve collecting data from written reports and other artifacts that date to a specific time period. This method allows researchers to analyze and interpret historical events, social dynamics, and cultural contexts that influenced the development and impact of social movements. By examining primary sources, such as newspapers, diaries, letters, and government documents, researchers can gain insights into the motivations, strategies, and outcomes of social movements in the past. Historical methods provide a valuable perspective on the long-term trends and patterns in social change, helping researchers understand the complexities of social movements over time.

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  • 7. 

    The notion that our culture, lacking a history of feudalism, was uniquely individualistic and nonpaternalistic is known as:

    • The American Dream

    • The American Way

    • American exceptionalism

    • American history

    Correct Answer
    A. American exceptionalism
    Explanation
    American exceptionalism refers to the belief that the United States is unique and superior to other nations, often attributed to its democratic values, economic opportunities, and individual freedoms. This notion suggests that American culture, without a history of feudalism, developed a distinct emphasis on individualism and nonpaternalism. It reflects the idea that America is an exceptional nation with a special destiny and a responsibility to spread its values and ideals globally.

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  • 8. 

    Rogers Brubaker (1992) studied the notions of citizen and statehood in both France and Germany. His method of research is known as:

    • Comparative research

    • A case study

    • An experiment

    • Content analysis

    Correct Answer
    A. Comparative research
    Explanation
    Comparative research involves comparing and contrasting different cases or settings to understand similarities and differences. In this case, Rogers Brubaker studied the notions of citizen and statehood in France and Germany, comparing the two countries to gain insights into their similarities and differences. This method allows for a deeper understanding of the subject matter by examining how different variables interact and influence outcomes in different contexts.

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  • 9. 

    The general approach to comparative research is to:

    • Study a total population or census

    • Find cases that match on every variable

    • Use a panel study approach only

    • Find cases that match on many potentially relevant dimensions, yet vary on just one

    Correct Answer
    A. Find cases that match on many potentially relevant dimensions, yet vary on just one
    Explanation
    The general approach to comparative research is to find cases that match on many potentially relevant dimensions, yet vary on just one. This approach allows researchers to isolate the effect of the variable they are interested in studying, while controlling for other factors that could potentially influence the outcome. By finding cases that are similar in most aspects but differ in one specific dimension, researchers can compare and analyze the impact of that particular variable on the outcome of interest. This approach helps to establish causal relationships and make more accurate and reliable conclusions in comparative research.

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  • 10. 

    Perhaps the most difficult method to apply to the social sciences, as compared with laboratory-based natural sciences, is/are:

    • Surveys

    • Experimental methods

    • Historical methods

    • Content analysis

    Correct Answer
    A. Experimental methods
    Explanation
    Experimental methods are considered the most difficult to apply to the social sciences compared to laboratory-based natural sciences. This is because conducting experiments in social sciences involves manipulating variables and controlling external factors, which can be challenging due to the complex and dynamic nature of human behavior. Additionally, ethical considerations and practical limitations make it difficult to conduct controlled experiments in social settings. Therefore, experimental methods require careful planning, rigorous design, and thoughtful interpretation in order to obtain valid and reliable results in the social sciences.

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  • 11. 

    LeeAnn is a graduate student in sociology who is studying media depictions of gun violence in popular films such as Rambo and Scarface. Her choice of methods is known as:

    • An audit study

    • A panel study

    • Content analysis

    • Surveys

    Correct Answer
    A. Content analysis
    Explanation
    Content analysis is the correct answer because LeeAnn's method of studying media depictions of gun violence in popular films involves systematically analyzing and categorizing the content of these films. Content analysis is a research method commonly used in sociology to examine the content of various forms of media, such as films, television shows, or written texts, in order to identify patterns, themes, or trends. It allows researchers to objectively analyze and interpret the messages and representations portrayed in the media.

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  • 12. 

    In content analysis research, which of the following refers to observations that are implied, but not easily observed?

    • Manifest content

    • Latent content

    • Spurious variables

    • Mediating variables

    Correct Answer
    A. Latent content
    Explanation
    Latent content refers to observations that are implied or hidden, making them not easily observed. Unlike manifest content, which is the surface-level or obvious meaning of a text or observation, latent content requires a deeper analysis to uncover its underlying or hidden meaning. It often involves interpreting symbols, metaphors, or underlying themes that may not be immediately apparent.

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  • 13. 

    All of the following are described as golden rules of ethical conduct in social research EXCEPT:

    • Do no harm

    • Informed consent

    • Never debrief

    • Voluntary participation

    Correct Answer
    A. Never debrief
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "never debrief". Debriefing is an important ethical practice in social research, where researchers provide participants with information about the nature and purpose of the study after their participation. It allows participants to understand the research and any potential effects it may have had on them. This helps ensure transparency, respect for participants' autonomy, and allows them to ask questions or express any concerns they may have. Therefore, "never debrief" is not considered a golden rule of ethical conduct in social research.

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  • 14. 

    Research subjects have a right to know that they are participating in a study and what the study consists of. This is known as:

    • Involuntary participation

    • Informed consent

    • Manifest content

    • Latent content

    Correct Answer
    A. Informed consent
    Explanation
    Informed consent refers to the ethical principle that research subjects have the right to be fully informed about the study they are participating in. This includes understanding the purpose of the study, any potential risks or benefits, and their rights as participants. It is important for researchers to obtain informed consent from participants before they can involve them in any research activities. This ensures that participants have the necessary information to make an informed decision about their participation and protects their autonomy and well-being.

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  • 15. 

    Social research aimed to influence public policy and society as a whole is referred to as:

    • Feminist sociology

    • Historical sociology

    • Private sociology

    • Public sociology

    Correct Answer
    A. Public sociology
    Explanation
    Public sociology refers to social research that is conducted with the aim of influencing public policy and society as a whole. It focuses on addressing social issues and promoting social change through research and engagement with the public. This type of sociology aims to bridge the gap between academia and the general public by making research accessible and relevant to a wider audience. Public sociologists often collaborate with policymakers, community organizations, and advocacy groups to bring about positive social transformations.

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  • 16. 

    A set of beliefs, traditions, and practices that is the total of the social categories and concepts that people embrace is one definition of:

    • Media

    • Culture

    • Hegemony

    • Norms

    Correct Answer
    A. Culture
    Explanation
    Culture refers to a set of beliefs, traditions, and practices that encompass the social categories and concepts that individuals adopt. It encompasses the shared values, customs, and behaviors that shape a society. Culture is a comprehensive term that encompasses various aspects of human existence, including language, art, religion, and social norms. It plays a crucial role in shaping individuals' identities and influencing their behaviors and interactions within a particular society.

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  • 17. 

    The word culture derives from the Latin word colere, which means:

    • A cult

    • An ideology

    • To cultivate

    • A plan of action

    Correct Answer
    A. To cultivate
    Explanation
    The word "culture" derives from the Latin word "colere" which means "to cultivate". This implies that culture is something that is nurtured and developed over time, much like plants are cultivated. It suggests that culture is not something static, but rather something that is actively shaped and maintained by a group of people. This definition aligns with the understanding that culture encompasses the beliefs, values, customs, and practices of a particular society or group.

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  • 18. 

    In Chapter 3, the pictures of the U.S. Capitol and the Lincoln Memorial are used as examples of:

    • Early U.S. architectural choices in columnar styles

    • U.S. nationalism and pride

    • Patriarchal power and the institutions they represent

    • The only types of buildings acceptable in Washington, D.C.

    Correct Answer
    A. Early U.S. architectural choices in columnar styles
    Explanation
    The correct answer is early U.S. architectural choices in columnar styles. This is because the pictures of the U.S. Capitol and the Lincoln Memorial are being used as examples to illustrate the architectural choices made in the early days of the United States, specifically the use of columnar styles in their design. These buildings showcase the classical architectural influences that were prevalent during that time period.

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  • 19. 

    Which of the following was a poet and cultural critic who defined culture as the pursuit of perfection and broad knowledge of the world, in contrast to narrow self-centeredness and material gain? 

    • Matthew Arnold

    • Emile Durkheim

    • Dalton Conley

    • Karl Marx

    Correct Answer
    A. Matthew Arnold
    Explanation
    Matthew Arnold was a poet and cultural critic who believed that culture should be focused on the pursuit of perfection and a broad understanding of the world. He criticized narrow self-centeredness and material gain, emphasizing the importance of intellectual and moral development. Arnold's ideas on culture had a significant influence on Victorian society and continue to be relevant in discussions about the purpose and value of education and the arts.

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  • 20. 

    One of the two main categories of culture that includes values, beliefs, norms, and behaviors is known as:

    • Subculture

    • Counterculture

    • Nonmaterial or symbolic culture

    • Material culture

    Correct Answer
    A. Nonmaterial or symbolic culture
    Explanation
    Nonmaterial or symbolic culture refers to the intangible aspects of culture such as values, beliefs, norms, and behaviors. This category encompasses the ideas, attitudes, and social practices that are shared by members of a society. It is distinct from material culture, which refers to the physical objects and artifacts that are created and used by a society. Subculture and counterculture are different concepts that refer to specific groups within a larger culture.

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  • 21. 

    Everything in our constructed environment, including technology, buildings, furniture, clothing, and books, is part of:

    • Subculture

    • Counterculture

    • Nonmaterial or symbolic culture

    • Material culture

    Correct Answer
    A. Material culture
    Explanation
    Material culture refers to all the physical objects and artifacts that are created and used by humans in their daily lives. It includes technology, buildings, furniture, clothing, and books, among other things. These tangible items are important in understanding a society's values, beliefs, and practices. They provide insights into how people interact with their environment and reflect the cultural norms and traditions of a particular group or society.

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  • 22. 

    Slang terms such as LOL, ROFL, and BRB are examples of:

    • Nonmaterial culture

    • Material culture

    • Cultural concepts

    • Social norms

    Correct Answer
    A. Material culture
    Explanation
    Slang terms such as LOL, ROFL, and BRB are considered examples of material culture because they are tangible and physical manifestations of culture. While they may be communicated through nonmaterial means such as text messages or online chats, they are ultimately expressed through written or spoken words, which are material forms. These slang terms are part of a shared language and communication style within a particular culture, representing a tangible aspect of that culture's identity and social interactions.

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  • 23. 

    According to ___________, the language we speak directly influences and reflects the way we think about and see the world.

    • The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

    • The high-low culture debate

    • Marxist ideology

    • The Law of Averages

    Correct Answer
    A. The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
    Explanation
    The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis suggests that the language we speak has a direct impact on our thoughts and perceptions of the world. This means that the structure and vocabulary of a language shape the way we think, influencing our understanding and interpretation of reality. The hypothesis argues that different languages may have different conceptualizations of the world, leading to variations in cultural norms, behaviors, and perspectives. This idea has been widely debated and studied in the field of linguistics and anthropology.

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  • 24. 

    A type of nonmaterial culture known as ____________ is a system of concepts and relationships sometimes used to understand cause and effect.

    • High art

    • Ideology

    • Cultural relativism

    • Ethnocentrism

    Correct Answer
    A. Ideology
    Explanation
    Ideology is a type of nonmaterial culture that consists of a system of concepts and relationships. It is often used to understand cause and effect in society. Ideologies can shape people's beliefs, values, and behaviors, and can influence how they interpret and understand the world around them. They provide a framework for individuals and groups to make sense of social, political, and economic phenomena, and can have a significant impact on shaping societal norms and institutions.

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  • 25. 

    Galileo’s discovery that the earth revolved around the sun rather than standing at the center of the universe is an example of:

    • Cultural relativism

    • Emoticons

    • The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

    • A disproved ideology

    Correct Answer
    A. A disproved ideology
    Explanation
    Galileo's discovery that the earth revolved around the sun rather than standing at the center of the universe is an example of a disproved ideology. This refers to the fact that the prevailing belief at the time, known as geocentrism, was proven incorrect by Galileo's observations and scientific evidence. This discovery challenged the existing ideology and led to a paradigm shift in our understanding of the universe.

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  • 26. 

    Low culture such as hip-hop music is also known as:

    • Counterculture

    • Popular culture

    • Cultural scripts

    • Cultural relativism

    Correct Answer
    A. Popular culture
    Explanation
    The correct answer is popular culture. Popular culture refers to cultural products and activities that are consumed and enjoyed by a large number of people in society. It encompasses various forms of entertainment such as music, movies, television shows, fashion, and trends. Hip-hop music, being a widely popular genre, falls under the category of popular culture. It has gained mainstream popularity and has a significant influence on youth culture and society as a whole.

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  • 27. 

    Which of the following is TRUE regarding the value of high versus low culture?

    • High culture is much more valuable than low culture.

    • Low culture is much more valuable than high culture.

    • Both are equally valuable depending upon one’s perspective.

    • Neither is valuable at all, so popular culture is preferred.

    Correct Answer
    A. Both are equally valuable depending upon one’s perspective.
    Explanation
    Both high culture and low culture have their own value and significance depending on an individual's perspective. High culture refers to art, literature, and intellectual pursuits that are often associated with the elite and educated class. On the other hand, low culture includes popular entertainment, mass media, and everyday cultural practices. While some may argue that high culture is more valuable due to its historical and intellectual depth, others may find value in low culture for its accessibility and ability to connect with a wider audience. Ultimately, the value of high versus low culture is subjective and varies from person to person.

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  • 28. 

    First names that are given to males often cross over to females in the United States, according to Lieberson’s research. This is referred to as:

    • The androgyny of names

    • Socially structured naming

    • The gendering of names

    • The cross cultural impact on names

    Correct Answer
    A. The androgyny of names
    Explanation
    Lieberson's research indicates that in the United States, certain first names that are traditionally given to males are also commonly used for females. This phenomenon is known as "the androgyny of names." It suggests that there is a blurring of gender boundaries in the naming of individuals, as names that were traditionally associated with one gender are now being used for both genders. This reflects a shift in societal norms and the perception of gender roles.

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  • 29. 

    It is important to take into account differences across cultures without making value judgments. This is known as:

    • Cultural scripts

    • High culture

    • Counterculture

    • Cultural relativism

    Correct Answer
    A. Cultural relativism
    Explanation
    Cultural relativism is the concept of understanding and respecting different cultures without imposing one's own values or beliefs. It emphasizes the importance of recognizing that different cultures have their own unique perspectives and practices, and that these should be understood within their own cultural context. This approach encourages tolerance, empathy, and open-mindedness towards cultural differences, without making value judgments or assuming that one culture is superior to another.

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  • 30. 

    Gender and engaging in enjoyable premarital sex are examples of learned behaviors that are not natural or universal, and are known as:

    • Subcultures

    • Cultural scripts

    • Material culture

    • Counterculture

    Correct Answer
    A. Cultural scripts
    Explanation
    Cultural scripts refer to learned behaviors that are not natural or universal. Gender and engaging in enjoyable premarital sex are examples of cultural scripts because they vary across different cultures and are not biologically determined. They are socially constructed and learned through socialization and cultural norms.

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  • 31. 

    Baseball in the United States and cockfighting in Bali are examples of which of the following? 

    • Counterculture

    • Nonmaterial or symbolic culture

    • Cultural scripts

    • Ethnocentrism

    Correct Answer
    A. Nonmaterial or symbolic culture
    Explanation
    Baseball in the United States and cockfighting in Bali are examples of nonmaterial or symbolic culture because they represent shared ideas, beliefs, and values within a society. These cultural practices do not have a tangible form but hold significant meaning and symbolism for the people who participate in them. They reflect the intangible aspects of a culture that shape social interactions and identities.

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  • 32. 

    While they are difficult to define, ____________ are smaller subgroups within a larger dominant society that share some of the dominant cultural values, but also have some of their own, unique material and nonmaterial or symbolic culture.

    • High cultures

    • Low cultures

    • Mini-cultures

    • Subcultures

    Correct Answer
    A. Subcultures
    Explanation
    Subcultures are smaller subgroups within a larger dominant society that share some of the dominant cultural values, but also have some of their own, unique material and nonmaterial or symbolic culture. These subcultures can be based on various factors such as age, ethnicity, occupation, or interests. They often develop their own distinct norms, values, behaviors, and symbols that differentiate them from the larger society. Subcultures can provide individuals with a sense of belonging and identity, allowing them to express themselves within a smaller community while still being influenced by the dominant culture.

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  • 33. 

    The various musical genres and the groups inspired by them, such as heavy metal music and the goths, are examples of which of the following?

    • High cultures

    • Subcultures

    • Socialization

    • Emoticons

    Correct Answer
    A. Subcultures
    Explanation
    The various musical genres and the groups inspired by them, such as heavy metal music and the goths, are examples of subcultures. Subcultures refer to smaller groups within a larger culture that share distinctive beliefs, values, and practices. These groups often have their own unique style, language, and social norms that differentiate them from the mainstream culture. In this case, heavy metal music and goth culture have their own dedicated fan bases and subcultures that revolve around their music, fashion, and lifestyle choices.

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  • 34. 

    Which of the following is an example of a Giffen good in the United States?

    • Cherries

    • Suntan lotion

    • Bread

    • Eye shadow

    Correct Answer
    A. Bread
    Explanation
    A Giffen good is a type of inferior good that defies the law of demand, meaning that as the price of the good increases, the demand for it also increases. In the United States, bread can be considered an example of a Giffen good because it is a staple food item that is often consumed by lower-income individuals. As the price of bread increases, these individuals may have no choice but to continue purchasing it, even if their income remains constant or decreases. This creates a situation where the demand for bread actually increases as its price goes up.

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  • 35. 

                If ____________ are abstract cultural beliefs, then ____________ are how they are put into play.

    • Values; norms

    • Norms; values

    • Subcultures; countercultures

    • Countercultures; subcultures

    Correct Answer
    A. Values; norms
    Explanation
    Values are abstract cultural beliefs that guide individuals' behavior and determine what is considered important or desirable in a society. Norms, on the other hand, are the specific rules and expectations that govern people's behavior in a given social group. While values provide the framework for how individuals should behave, norms are the specific expressions or manifestations of those values in everyday life. Therefore, values and norms are closely related, with values serving as the foundation and norms being the practical application of those values.

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  • 36. 

    The experience of learning a culture’s norms, values, and so on is known as:

    • Socialization

    • Ideology

    • Hegemony

    • Reflection

    Correct Answer
    A. Socialization
    Explanation
    Socialization refers to the process of learning and internalizing the norms, values, and behaviors of a particular culture or society. It involves acquiring the necessary skills and knowledge to function effectively within that culture. This process typically occurs during childhood and is facilitated by various social agents such as family, peers, and educational institutions. Through socialization, individuals develop a sense of identity and learn how to navigate social interactions, ultimately becoming integrated members of their society.

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  • 37. 

    The first form of mass media was the:

    • Television

    • Book

    • Silent film

    • Billboard

    Correct Answer
    A. Book
    Explanation
    The first form of mass media was the book because it predates all the other options listed. Books have been used to convey information and stories for centuries, even before the invention of the printing press. They allowed for the dissemination of knowledge and ideas to a wide audience, making them an early form of mass communication. While other forms of media like television, silent films, and billboards came later in history, books were the first medium that allowed for the widespread distribution of information and entertainment.

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  • 38. 

    According to data presented in Chapter 3, by 1964, what percentage of U.S. households had a television set?

    • 25%

    • 50%

    • 78%

    • 92%

    Correct Answer
    A. 92%
    Explanation
    According to the data presented in Chapter 3, by 1964, 92% of U.S. households had a television set.

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  • 39. 

    Gramsci’s concept for the historical process in which a dominant group exercises moral and intellectual leadership by voluntarily receiving the approval and consent of the masses is known as:

    • Socialization

    • Hegemony

    • Domination

    • Rebellion

    Correct Answer
    A. Hegemony
    Explanation
    Gramsci's concept of hegemony refers to the historical process in which a dominant group gains and maintains power by influencing the moral and intellectual beliefs of the masses, who voluntarily give their approval and consent. This concept highlights how the ruling class uses cultural, social, and ideological means to establish and reinforce its dominance, rather than solely relying on force or coercion. Hegemony involves the subtle manipulation of ideas, values, and norms to maintain the existing power structure and prevent rebellion or resistance from the subordinate groups.

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  • 40. 

    Gramsci’s concept for getting people to do what you want them to do by force and sometimes violence is known as:

    • Socialization

    • Hegemony

    • Domination

    • Rebellion

    Correct Answer
    A. Domination
    Explanation
    Gramsci's concept of domination refers to the use of force and sometimes violence to make people do what one wants. This concept involves the exertion of power and control over individuals or groups, often through oppressive means. Domination can be seen as a form of social control that is achieved through the imposition of authority and the suppression of dissent. This concept is distinct from socialization, which refers to the process of internalizing societal norms and values, and hegemony, which involves the dominance of a particular group or ideology over others. Rebellion, on the other hand, is a form of resistance against domination.

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  • 41. 

    Research questions, such as why fairy tales often begin with a mother’s death, are an example of the analysis of media content stemming from Gramsci’s work and known as:

    • The functional analysis

    • Psychoanalysis

    • Meta-analysis

    • Textual analysis

    Correct Answer
    A. Textual analysis
    Explanation
    Textual analysis is the correct answer because it involves examining and interpreting the content and structure of media texts, such as fairy tales, to uncover underlying meanings and messages. This type of analysis focuses on the text itself, rather than the psychological or social aspects of the audience or creator. Gramsci's work, which emphasizes the role of culture and ideology in maintaining power structures, can be applied to textual analysis to understand how media texts reflect and perpetuate dominant ideologies.

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  • 42. 

    Similar to sociologists’ research, Herbert Gans (1979) studied television news outlets’ decisions on what to include (or not to include) in the news. What did he find?

    • Most news outlets are always non-biased in their decision making.

    • News outlets are usually non-biased, as required by the FCC.

    • One or two news outlets are notoriously biased.

    • All news outlets are biased.

    Correct Answer
    A. All news outlets are biased.
    Explanation
    Herbert Gans (1979) found that all news outlets are biased. This means that they have a tendency to present news in a way that reflects their own perspectives, interests, and values. Gans' research suggests that bias is inherent in the news-making process and that it is impossible for news outlets to be completely objective. This finding challenges the notion that news outlets are always non-biased or that bias is limited to only one or two outlets.

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  • 43. 

    Deliberate, long-term media campaigns such as Smokey the Bear, which began in 1944 and is still with us today, are examples of ads used by non-profit organizations to educate the public. They are commonly known as:

    • Messages to the masses

    • Mass media services

    • Public service announcements

    • Fireside chats

    Correct Answer
    A. Public service announcements
    Explanation
    Deliberate, long-term media campaigns such as Smokey the Bear, which began in 1944 and is still with us today, are examples of ads used by non-profit organizations to educate the public. These campaigns are commonly known as public service announcements.

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  • 44. 

    All of the following are part of the “three general principles” of the movie industry’s Production Code, EXCEPT:

    • No picture shall be produced that will lower the moral standards of those who see it. Hence the sympathy of the audience should never be thrown to the side of crime, wrongdoing, evil, or sin.

    • Correct standards of life, subject only to the requirements of drama and entertainment, shall be presented.

    • Language such as the seven words you can never say on television shall not be broadcast before 11:00 p.m.

    • Law, natural or human, shall not be ridiculed, nor shall sympathy be created for its violation.

    Correct Answer
    A. Language such as the seven words you can never say on television shall not be broadcast before 11:00 p.m.
    Explanation
    The given answer is incorrect because it is actually one of the "three general principles" of the movie industry's Production Code. The Production Code aimed to maintain moral standards in movies and ensure that the audience's sympathy is not directed towards crime, wrongdoing, evil, or sin. It also emphasized presenting correct standards of life, subject to the requirements of drama and entertainment. Additionally, it prohibited ridiculing the law and creating sympathy for its violation. However, it did not address the broadcasting of language such as the seven words you can never say on television before 11:00 p.m.

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  • 45. 

    The O. J. Simpson murder case and Hurricane Katrina are examples of which of the following?

    • Two recent U.S. natural disasters

    • How the media reflects racist ideology

    • Gramsci’s concept of hegemony

    • Cultural scripts in news media

    Correct Answer
    A. How the media reflects racist ideology
    Explanation
    The correct answer is how the media reflects racist ideology. The O. J. Simpson murder case and Hurricane Katrina were both highly publicized events that received extensive media coverage. In both cases, the media played a significant role in shaping public opinion and perpetuating racial biases. The media coverage of O. J. Simpson's trial was heavily influenced by racial dynamics, with many outlets framing the case as a black man being accused of murdering a white woman. Similarly, the media coverage of Hurricane Katrina disproportionately portrayed African Americans as looters and criminals, reinforcing negative stereotypes and racial biases.

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  • 46. 

    Jean Kilbourne’s college lectures and film, Killing Us Softly (1979), examine which of the following issues?

    • Racism in the media

    • Gun violence in the media

    • Homophobia in the media

    • Sexism in the media

    Correct Answer
    A. Sexism in the media
    Explanation
    Jean Kilbourne’s college lectures and film, Killing Us Softly (1979), examine the issue of sexism in the media. This means that Kilbourne focuses on analyzing and critiquing how the media perpetuates and reinforces gender-based discrimination, stereotypes, and objectification of women. Through her lectures and film, she aims to raise awareness about the harmful effects of these portrayals and advocate for more equitable and respectful representation of women in the media.

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  • 47. 

    In response to feminist critiques of the media’s messages to girls and women, which of the following advertisements feature women with human imperfections such as cellulite and frizzy hair?

    • Reflection theory

    • Dove’s Campaign for Real Beauty

    • Killing Us Softly

    • The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

    Correct Answer
    A. Dove’s Campaign for Real Beauty
    Explanation
    Dove's Campaign for Real Beauty is the correct answer because it is an advertisement that features women with human imperfections such as cellulite and frizzy hair. This campaign was launched in response to feminist critiques of the media's portrayal of women and aims to challenge traditional beauty standards by promoting a more inclusive and realistic representation of women's bodies.

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  • 48. 

    In the United States, six major companies, including Disney and Time-Warner, own what percentage of the media?

    • 30%

    • 60%

    • 75%

    • 90%

    Correct Answer
    A. 90%
    Explanation
    The correct answer is 90%. This means that six major companies, including Disney and Time-Warner, own a significant majority of the media in the United States. This concentration of ownership can have implications for media diversity, independence, and the variety of perspectives represented in the media landscape.

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  • 49. 

    The fact that the United States hardly has a free press due to the private ownership of broadcast companies and their reliance on advertising and financial support can be analyzed as which of the following?

    • The political economy of the media

    • The liberal media

    • The affects of antitrust laws

    • A monopoly economy

    Correct Answer
    A. The political economy of the media
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "the political economy of the media." This explanation suggests that the reason for the United States not having a free press is due to the private ownership of broadcast companies and their reliance on advertising and financial support. This indicates that the issue is related to the political economy of the media, where economic factors and political influences shape the media landscape.

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  • Current Version
  • Mar 21, 2023
    Quiz Edited by
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  • Mar 24, 2010
    Quiz Created by
    Rohane

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