Newly Acquired Knowledge Of Sociology Final Exam

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  • 1/65 Questions

    Johnny beat his brother with a bat because his brother stole some really expensive baseball cards from him.  Johnny was arrested and charged with aggravated assault and battery.  Obviously, Johnny has committed a deviant act, but which type.

    • Positive deviance
    • Negative deviance
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Sociology Quizzes & Trivia
About This Quiz

If you’ve been studying sociology for a while and need to practice your newly acquired knowledge on society and the sciences behind it, then this quiz may help yu do just that. Have you been paying attention? Let’s find out!

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  • 2. 

    The Perry High School boys soccer team were able to win all of their conference games this year.  They finished the season at 7 - 0 in conference play.  This is an example of ___________ status

    • Ascribed

    • Achieved

    • Master

    • Status set

    Correct Answer
    A. Achieved
    Explanation
    The Perry High School boys soccer team's accomplishment of winning all of their conference games demonstrates their achieved status. This means that they have earned this status through their skills, hard work, and performance on the field. It is not something that was given to them or determined by factors beyond their control, but rather something they have actively worked towards and achieved through their efforts.

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  • 3. 

    Chapter Four Questions follow: _____________ is the cultural process of learning to participate in group life.  It begins at birth and continues throughout one's lifetime.

    • Socialization

    • Re-socialization

    • De-socialization

    • Status

    Correct Answer
    A. Socialization
    Explanation
    Socialization is the cultural process of learning to participate in group life. It starts from birth and continues throughout one's lifetime. This process involves acquiring the knowledge, skills, values, and norms necessary for functioning in society. Through socialization, individuals learn how to interact with others, understand social roles, and develop their sense of self. It is through socialization that individuals become members of society and learn to navigate its social structures and expectations.

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  • 4. 

    Chapter Seven Questions follow: Gabriel went into a restaraunt and demanded a massage (that's strange).  He was adament about receiving his massage and would not leave until given one (that's strange).  Well the staff at the restaraunt refused to do so (not so strange).  Which of the following statements made by customers who were present is accurate?

    • "Wow, that guy should be arrested for breaking the law!"

    • "Wow, that guy just displayed some of the most deviant behavior I've ever witnessed!"

    • "Wow, my bill is extraordinarily high!"

    Correct Answer
    A. "Wow, that guy just displayed some of the most deviant behavior I've ever witnessed!"
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "Wow, that guy just displayed some of the most deviant behavior I've ever witnessed!" because Gabriel's demand for a massage in a restaurant is unusual and not socially acceptable behavior.

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  • 5. 

    Lisa is a cutter.  She gets upset and will cut herself with a razor, not enough to bleed to death mind you, but enough to leave scars.  This is an example of ______________

    • Deviance

    • Silliness

    • I can't even begin to explain it

    Correct Answer
    A. Deviance
    Explanation
    This scenario describes an example of deviance. Deviance refers to behavior that goes against societal norms or expectations. In this case, Lisa's act of cutting herself with a razor is considered deviant because it is not a socially accepted or approved behavior. It goes against the norm of self-preservation and can be seen as a form of self-harm.

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  • 6. 

    Which of the following are Agents of Socialization which were covered in the textbook?

    • Mass media

    • Family

    • Peer group

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "all of the above" because the question asks for the Agents of Socialization covered in the textbook, and the options provided (mass media, family, and peer group) are all included in the textbook. These agents play a significant role in shaping an individual's beliefs, values, and behaviors, and the textbook covers their influence on socialization processes.

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  • 7. 

    This sociological perspective focuses on the contributions of each part of society and sees those parts as an integrated whole. 

    • Conflict Perspective

    • Functionalist Perspective

    • Symbolic Interactionist Perspective

    Correct Answer
    A. Functionalist Perspective
    Explanation
    The functionalist perspective in sociology focuses on how different parts of society work together to maintain social order and stability. It views society as a complex system where each part has a specific function or purpose that contributes to the overall functioning of the whole. This perspective emphasizes the importance of social institutions and how they fulfill the needs of society. It also highlights the interdependence and interconnectedness of different social groups and institutions.

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  • 8. 

    Interaction in which individuals or groups combine their efforts to reach a goal.  An example of this social interaction would be a two church groups who work together on building a house for Habitat for Humanity.

    • Conflict

    • Social Exchange

    • Cooperation

    • Conformity

    Correct Answer
    A. Cooperation
    Explanation
    Cooperation refers to the interaction in which individuals or groups combine their efforts to reach a goal. In the given example, two church groups are working together on building a house for Habitat for Humanity, demonstrating cooperation. They are pooling their resources, skills, and efforts to achieve a shared objective of providing housing for those in need. Cooperation involves collaboration, mutual support, and a willingness to work together towards a common goal, which is evident in this scenario.

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  • 9. 

    This type of status is neither achieved or chosen: it is simply assigned. It is ____

    • Ascribed status

    • Achieved status

    • Master status

    • Status

    Correct Answer
    A. Ascribed status
    Explanation
    Ascribed status refers to a social position or rank that is given to an individual based on factors such as their race, gender, or family background. Unlike achieved status, which is earned through individual efforts and accomplishments, ascribed status is not chosen or achieved. It is simply assigned to an individual at birth or during their lifetime. Therefore, the given correct answer for this question is "ascribed status."

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  • 10. 

    Which of the following would NOT be considered part of a person's wealth?

    • Money in a savings account

    • His paycheck and other personal possessions

    • A paycheck he will receive next Friday

    • A house that he owns

    Correct Answer
    A. A paycheck he will receive next Friday
    Explanation
    A paycheck that a person will receive next Friday would not be considered part of their wealth because wealth refers to the accumulated assets and possessions that a person owns. A paycheck is a future source of income and has not yet been received, so it cannot be considered part of a person's current wealth.

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  • 11. 

    Let's say that someone commits a criminal act against you.  Now let's say that you would want that person to suffer for a long, long time.  You would want that person to be miserable and perhaps even die while in jail.  You are adherring to the _____________ method of crime control.

    • Deterrence

    • Retribution

    • Incarceration

    • Rehabilitation

    Correct Answer
    A. Retribution
    Explanation
    The correct answer is retribution. Retribution is a method of crime control that focuses on punishment and making the offender suffer for their actions. In this scenario, the person wants the offender to suffer for a long time and be miserable, which aligns with the principles of retribution.

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  • 12. 

    As a teacher, I have to put up with a great deal of things, and on top of that, I am not allowed to kill them.  That is because I have ____________ to protect my students from harm.

    • A right

    • An obligation

    • A role conflict

    • A role strain

    Correct Answer
    A. An obligation
    Explanation
    As a teacher, it is my responsibility to ensure the safety and well-being of my students. I am obligated to protect them from any harm or danger that may come their way. This obligation stems from the trust and duty that I have as an educator to create a secure and nurturing environment for my students to learn and grow in.

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  • 13. 

    Little Elizabeth is only three years old.  She eats with her hands and is quite messy.   Her mother scolds her and tells Elizabeth that this manner of dining is unacceptable.  What kind of sanction was Lizzy issued is the question?

    • Informal / positive

    • Informal / negative

    • Formal / positive

    • Formal / negative

    Correct Answer
    A. Informal / negative
    Explanation
    The sanction issued to Lizzy is informal and negative. This is because her mother scolds her and tells her that her manner of dining is unacceptable. The use of scolding and expressing disapproval indicates an informal and negative form of sanction.

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  • 14. 

    A voluntary action performed in the expectation of getting a reward in return.  Hanging out with your friends would be an example of this social interaction.

    • Coercion

    • Conflict

    • Social Exchange

    • Cooperation

    Correct Answer
    A. Social Exchange
    Explanation
    Social exchange refers to a voluntary action performed with the expectation of receiving a reward in return. Hanging out with friends can be seen as a social interaction based on social exchange, as individuals engage in this activity expecting to enjoy companionship, fun, and other benefits from their friends. The concept of social exchange emphasizes the idea that individuals engage in interactions with others based on the expectation of mutual benefits and rewards.

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  • 15. 

    Your very close friends, your parents, your relatives who happen to be special to you, maybe a teacher or coach who you are close to.  These are all examples of people who would fit into our _______________.  Their opinions of us matter to us.

    • Peer group

    • Family

    • Primary group

    • Secondary group

    Correct Answer
    A. Primary group
    Explanation
    A primary group refers to a small, intimate group of individuals who have frequent and direct interaction with each other. These individuals share strong emotional bonds, trust, and support. In the given context, close friends, parents, relatives, teachers, and coaches are all examples of people who would fit into our primary group. Their opinions hold significance to us because of the close relationship and emotional connection we have with them.

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  • 16. 

    Mr. Marburger is the principal at Perry High School.  He is recognized as such when he is at basketball games for his children, at chruch with his family, in the very back row at performances at the Performing Arts Center.  His position as principal is his ___________ status.

    • Ascribed

    • Master

    • Gemeinschaft

    • Ultimate

    Correct Answer
    A. Master
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "master". In this scenario, Mr. Marburger's position as principal is not something that was given to him by birth or automatically assigned to him, but rather a status that he has achieved through his own efforts and qualifications. Therefore, it can be considered a "master" status.

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  • 17. 

    This sociologist wrote extensively about social dynamics, how societies change, and social statics, how societies tend to remain the same.  He is also credited with coining the term "sociology".

    • Auguste Comte

    • Herbert Spencer

    • Karl Marx

    • Emile Durkheim

    Correct Answer
    A. Auguste Comte
    Explanation
    Auguste Comte is the correct answer because he was a sociologist who wrote extensively about social dynamics and social statics. He is also credited with coining the term "sociology." His work focused on understanding how societies change and how they tend to remain the same, making him a significant figure in the development of sociology as a discipline.

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  • 18. 

    Chapter One Questions follow: This sociologist focused on the problems caused by the enormous gaps between the wealthy and the poor.  He was an economist and the founder of socialism.

    • Max Weber

    • Auguste Comte

    • Karl Marx

    • Jane Addams

    Correct Answer
    A. Karl Marx
    Explanation
    Karl Marx, the correct answer, was a sociologist and economist who is known for his critique of capitalism and his advocacy for socialism. He focused on the problems caused by the vast disparities in wealth between the rich and the poor. Marx believed that these inequalities led to social conflict and exploitation, and he argued for a more equitable distribution of resources and power in society. His ideas have had a significant impact on the field of sociology and continue to be influential in discussions of social inequality and economic systems.

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  • 19. 

    The military recruits young men and women and then isolate them for a certain amount of time.  While in isolation from the rest of society, the military makes these young people re-learn everything that they have ever done.   You don't walk to lunch, you run, you don't say "yeah", you say "Yes Sir!", you don't question your superiors, you simply do what you are told.  This is an example of

    • Socialization

    • De-socialization

    • Re-socialization

    • Bad karma

    Correct Answer
    A. Re-socialization
    Explanation
    The military recruits young men and women and then isolates them for a certain amount of time, during which they are made to re-learn everything they have ever done. They are taught new behaviors and attitudes that are expected in the military, such as running instead of walking, using proper military language, and obeying orders without questioning. This process of re-learning and adopting new behaviors is known as re-socialization. It helps the military mold individuals into disciplined and obedient soldiers who can effectively function within the military structure.

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  • 20. 

    This pre-Industrial society survives by hunting animals and gathering edible plants. (really, you have to even think about this)

    • Agricultural society

    • Horticultural society

    • Pastoral society

    • Hunting and gathering society

    Correct Answer
    A. Hunting and gathering society
    Explanation
    The given scenario describes a society that relies on hunting animals and gathering edible plants for survival. This indicates that they have not yet developed agricultural practices or horticulture, which involve cultivation of crops. Additionally, there is no mention of pastoralism, which involves the domestication and herding of animals. Therefore, the most appropriate classification for this society is a hunting and gathering society.

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  • 21. 

    Joe is a senior at Perry High School.  He also works full time at Tyson, from 11 at night to 7 in the morning.  Joe is having a hard time keeping up with his school work and he is extremely tired on the job.  Joe is experiencing ___________

    • Role obligations

    • Role strain

    • Gesellschaft

    • Role conflict

    Correct Answer
    A. Role strain
    Explanation
    Joe is experiencing role strain. Role strain occurs when an individual has difficulty fulfilling the multiple roles they have, such as being a student and an employee. In this case, Joe is struggling to balance his school work and his full-time job, resulting in him being extremely tired on the job. This demonstrates the strain he is experiencing in trying to meet the expectations and demands of both roles simultaneously.

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  • 22. 

    Some people in the United States feel that if criminals were given job skills while in prison, then those particular criminals would not repeat their criminal behavior.  This approach to crime control is called ________________

    • Deterrence

    • Retribution

    • Incarceration

    • Rehabilitation

    Correct Answer
    A. Rehabilitation
    Explanation
    The approach to crime control that is referred to in the given question is rehabilitation. This approach focuses on providing criminals with job skills and other forms of education and support while they are in prison, with the goal of helping them reintegrate into society and reducing the likelihood of them reoffending. This approach is based on the belief that by addressing the root causes of criminal behavior and providing individuals with the necessary tools and support to change their lives, they can be successfully rehabilitated and become productive members of society.

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  • 23. 

    This sociological perspective would view socialization as a way for the powerful to keep things the same way, never change and always let the wealthy get away with things while the poor are kept at the bottom of society.

    • Functionalist

    • Conflict Theory

    • Symbolic Interactionist

    Correct Answer
    A. Conflict Theory
    Explanation
    Conflict theory is a sociological perspective that focuses on the unequal distribution of power, resources, and opportunities in society. According to this perspective, socialization is seen as a means for the powerful to maintain their dominance and perpetuate social inequality. It suggests that the wealthy and powerful individuals or groups use socialization to ensure that the existing social order remains intact, allowing them to benefit while keeping the poor at the bottom of society. This perspective emphasizes the role of conflict and competition in shaping social interactions and institutions.

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  • 24. 

    Chapter Three Questions follow: _________ are simply rules that define appropriate and inappropriate behavior in our society.  Let's say you're eating at a restaraunt and decide to eat your steak with your bare hands, you tear the meat apart and use no utensils.  You are obviously violating social _____________ but no one is going to have you thrown out of the restaraunt.  However, your waiter comes back with ranch dressing instead of french dressing and you stab him.  Now you have violated a __________ and a _____________ and you will definitely be leaving soon.

    • Law / folkway / more / norms

    • Norms / folkway / more / law

    • Folkway / more / law / norms

    • More / law / folkway / norms

    Correct Answer
    A. Norms / folkway / more / law
    Explanation
    Norms are rules that define appropriate and inappropriate behavior in society. In the given scenario, eating steak with bare hands violates social norms, but it is not severe enough to be thrown out of the restaurant. However, stabbing the waiter violates both a norm and a more (a norm with strong moral significance), as well as a law, which is a formal rule enforced by the legal system. This behavior would result in the person being asked to leave the restaurant.

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  • 25. 

    According to Merton's Theory of Structural Strain, a person who rejects the culturally approved goal of success AND rejects hard work as the appropriate way to succeed would be considered ________________

    • A rebel

    • An innovator

    • A ritualist

    • A conformist

    Correct Answer
    A. A rebel
    Explanation
    According to Merton's Theory of Structural Strain, a person who rejects both the culturally approved goal of success and the appropriate means of achieving it (hard work) would be considered a rebel. This individual deviates from both the goals and the means of society, choosing to reject and actively oppose the established norms and values.

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  • 26. 

    Jill was driving down highway at a very high rate of speed and consequently, was pulled over by a police officer, who issued her a ticket.  This ticket serves as a sanction, a punishment for violating the norms of driving.  What kind of sanction was Jill issued is the question?

    • Positive / informal

    • Informal / negative

    • Formal / positive

    • Formal / negative

    Correct Answer
    A. Formal / negative
    Explanation
    Jill was issued a formal and negative sanction in the form of a ticket for her high-speed driving. The fact that it was a formal sanction implies that it was an official action taken by a police officer, following the established rules and procedures. The negative aspect of the sanction suggests that it was a punishment for violating the norms of driving, indicating that Jill was reprimanded for her behavior.

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  • 27. 

    Many people in the United States practice some sort of religion or another.  These beliefs help make up our _____________.

    • Material culture

    • Non-material culture

    • Symbols

    • Sanctions

    Correct Answer
    A. Non-material culture
    Explanation
    Religion is a part of non-material culture because it consists of beliefs, values, and practices that are not tangible or physical. Non-material culture refers to the intangible aspects of a society, such as beliefs, ideas, language, customs, and norms. Religion influences people's behavior, moral values, and worldview, shaping their understanding of the world and their place in it. Therefore, the statement suggests that people's religious beliefs contribute to their non-material culture.

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  • 28. 

    An expected behavior associated with a particular status is called a ________

    • Right

    • Obligation

    • Status

    • Role

    Correct Answer
    A. Role
    Explanation
    A role is an expected behavior associated with a particular status. It refers to the set of responsibilities, duties, and behaviors that individuals are expected to perform based on their position or social status. Roles help to define and guide the actions and interactions of individuals within a specific context or organization.

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  • 29. 

    The Constitution discusses our rights and such.  It claims that everyone has certain rights like voting, speech, etc.  This would be our ________ culture.  However, reality shows that not everyone in the United States is treated equally.  We do discriminate against others.  This is our ___________ culture. 

    • Society / ideal

    • Symbols / real

    • Real / ideal

    • Ideal / real

    Correct Answer
    A. Ideal / real
    Explanation
    The Constitution discusses our rights and claims that everyone has certain rights like voting, speech, etc. This would be our ideal culture. However, reality shows that not everyone in the United States is treated equally. We do discriminate against others. This is our real culture.

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  • 30. 

    ____________ are broad, general ideas about what most people in society consider to be desirable. 

    • Culture

    • Symbols

    • Values

    • Norms

    Correct Answer
    A. Values
    Explanation
    Values are broad, general ideas about what most people in society consider to be desirable. They are beliefs and principles that guide individuals and communities in making decisions and determining what is important. Values can vary across different cultures and societies, but they often reflect the shared ideals and aspirations of a group. Symbols, on the other hand, are objects or images that represent something else, while norms are rules and expectations that govern behavior. Culture encompasses all of these elements, but values specifically refer to the desirable ideals held by a society.

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  • 31. 

    Behavior that matches group expectations.  Getting good grades because you don't want to be ineligible for school activities would be an example of this social interaction.

    • Coercion

    • Conformity

    • Social Exchange

    • Cooperation

    Correct Answer
    A. Conformity
    Explanation
    Conformity refers to behavior that matches group expectations. In the given example, getting good grades to avoid being ineligible for school activities demonstrates conformity as it aligns with the expectations set by the group (school) and the desire to conform to those expectations.

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  • 32. 

    When I was in college, I sold hamburgers and cheeseburgers that McDonald's had thrown in the garbage to my very hungry dorm-mates, at an extremely discounted rate.  According to Merton's Theory of Structural Strain, I accepted the goal of success BUT rejected hard work as the appropriate way to succeed.  I, according to Merton, was __________________

    • A rebel

    • A ritualist

    • An innovator

    • A conformist

    Correct Answer
    A. An innovator
    Explanation
    According to Merton's Theory of Structural Strain, an innovator is someone who accepts the goal of success but rejects the conventional means of achieving it. In this scenario, the person selling hamburgers and cheeseburgers from McDonald's garbage at a discounted rate is finding an alternative way to achieve success (making money) without following the traditional path of hard work. Therefore, the person can be categorized as an innovator according to Merton's theory.

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  • 33. 

    One thing that discourages many of us from committing criminal acts is the possibility of spending time in prison.  The fact that many of us do NOT want to spend any amount of time in jail serves as ___________ to committing crime.

    • Deterrence

    • Retribution

    • Incarceration

    • Rehabilitation

    Correct Answer
    A. Deterrence
    Explanation
    The possibility of spending time in prison serves as a deterrent to committing crime. The fear of facing the consequences, such as loss of freedom and separation from loved ones, makes individuals think twice before engaging in criminal acts.

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  • 34. 

    We live in a society in which the economic emphasis is on providing service and information.  Our society is known as a(n) _____________ society.  Think about it, many people work in banks, what do they make?  Many people are employed in the fast-food industry, what do they make?  They don't make anything, they provide service and information.

    • Pre-Industrial society

    • Industrial society

    • Post-Industrial society

    Correct Answer
    A. Post-Industrial society
    Explanation
    The correct answer is post-Industrial society. This is because the question mentions that the economic emphasis is on providing service and information, rather than manufacturing or producing physical goods. This aligns with the characteristics of a post-Industrial society, where the economy is based on services, technology, and knowledge-based industries, rather than traditional manufacturing or agriculture. The examples given of people working in banks and the fast-food industry further support the idea that the focus is on providing services rather than producing goods.

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  • 35. 

    Here in the United States, many want to simply rid the streets of criminal activity.  In other words, throw criminals in jail and get them off the streets of our cities and towns. This approach to crime control is referred to as _________________

    • Deterrence

    • Retribution

    • Incarceration

    • Rehabilitation

    Correct Answer
    A. Incarceration
    Explanation
    The correct answer is incarceration. This is because the approach mentioned in the question is about removing criminals from the streets by putting them in jail. Incarceration refers to the act of imprisoning individuals as a means of crime control.

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  • 36. 

    Osvaldo scored 28 goals this year for the Perry Bluejay soccer team.  He was awarded for his efforts by being selected as a unanimous selection on this year's conference All - Star team by conference coaches.  What kind of sanction was Osvaldo issued is the question?

    • Formal / negative

    • Formal / positive

    • Informal / negative

    • Informal / positive

    Correct Answer
    A. Formal / positive
    Explanation
    Osvaldo being selected as a unanimous selection on this year's conference All-Star team by conference coaches indicates that he received recognition and approval for his performance. This suggests that the sanction he was issued was formal and positive, as it was an official acknowledgment of his accomplishments.

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  • 37. 

    Chapter Five Questions follow: ____________ is something that we all have.  For example, Bill Gates has it, as well as the lowliest freshman at Perry High School.  What is IT?

    • Role

    • Gemeinschaft

    • Obligations

    • Status

    Correct Answer
    A. Status
    Explanation
    Status is something that we all have, regardless of our position or social standing. It refers to the position or rank that an individual holds in society, which can vary from person to person. This can be seen in the example given, where both Bill Gates, a billionaire entrepreneur, and a freshman at Perry High School, who is just starting their education, have their own respective statuses. Status can be influenced by factors such as wealth, occupation, education, and social connections.

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  • 38. 

    Women gaining the right to vote, African Americans achieving equality in our society, children gaining civil rights protection.  These topics would all interest sociologists who adhere to the _____________ perspective of sociology.

    • Conflict

    • Functionalist

    • Symbolic Interactionist

    Correct Answer
    A. Conflict
    Explanation
    The correct answer is conflict. Conflict perspective in sociology focuses on the social inequalities and power struggles within society. Women gaining the right to vote, African Americans achieving equality, and children gaining civil rights protection are all examples of social conflicts and struggles for power and equality. Sociologists who adhere to the conflict perspective would be interested in studying and understanding these social conflicts and the ways in which they shape society.

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  • 39. 

    In this type of society, the society depends on science and technology to produce its basic goods and services. 

    • Pre-Industrial society

    • Industrial society

    • Post-Industrial society

    Correct Answer
    A. Industrial society
    Explanation
    An industrial society is characterized by the dependence on science and technology to produce basic goods and services. This means that advancements in technology and the use of machinery play a crucial role in the production process. In contrast, a pre-industrial society relies more on manual labor and traditional methods of production, while a post-industrial society focuses on the service sector and information technology. Therefore, an industrial society best fits the description given in the question.

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  • 40. 

    The ____________ is the ability to see the link between society and self.

    • Sociological perspective

    • Verstehen

    • Sociological imagination

    • Social structure

    Correct Answer
    A. Sociological imagination
    Explanation
    The sociological imagination is the ability to see the link between society and self. It involves understanding how individual experiences are shaped by social forces and structures. This perspective allows individuals to critically analyze their own lives in the context of larger social issues and historical patterns. By recognizing the influence of social factors on personal experiences, the sociological imagination helps individuals develop a broader understanding of society and their place within it.

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  • 41. 

    Interaction in which individuals are forced to behave in a particular way.  An example of this type of social interaction would be bank robbery victims who throw their hands in the air and give up their valuable possessions. 

    • Social Exchange

    • Conformity

    • Coercion

    • Cooperation

    Correct Answer
    A. Coercion
    Explanation
    Coercion is the correct answer because it refers to a situation where individuals are forced to behave in a particular way against their will. In the given example, the bank robbery victims are coerced into throwing their hands in the air and giving up their valuable possessions due to the threat or use of force by the robbers. Coercion involves the use of power or authority to control or manipulate others' behavior, often through the use of threats, intimidation, or physical force.

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  • 42. 

    Allen lives in Des Moines.  He is unemployed but will receive benefits from the government for the next 6 months. He lives in a rundown apartment building and can only afford to buy generic items at the grocery store.   Benny lives in Somalia.  He has not had a job ever in his life and is continually unemployed.  He cannot pay for the essentials in life.  He has no home, he lives in an abondoned panel van, left by the Peace Corps years ago.  Both of these men live in absolute poverty.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    Both Allen and Benny are living in poverty, but the statement in the question that says "Both of these men live in absolute poverty" is false. While both men are facing financial hardships and cannot afford basic necessities, living conditions and access to government benefits differ between the two. Allen lives in Des Moines and will receive benefits from the government for the next 6 months, indicating some level of support. On the other hand, Benny lives in Somalia, has never had a job, and cannot pay for essentials, indicating a more dire situation. Therefore, the statement in the question is false.

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  • 43. 

    _________ are pretty simple to follow.  They are rewards or punishments used to encourage conformity to norms.  They can _______, which means that they are used in the form of a punishment, or they can be ____________, which means that they can be used in the form of a reward.

    • Norms / negative / formal

    • Formal / sanctions / norms

    • Sanctions / negative / positive

    • Laws / negative / positive

    Correct Answer
    A. Sanctions / negative / positive
    Explanation
    Sanctions are pretty simple to follow. They are rewards or punishments used to encourage conformity to norms. They can be negative, which means that they are used in the form of a punishment, or they can be positive, which means that they can be used in the form of a reward.

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  • 44. 

    Chapter Six Questions follow: The members of your team, your class, and perhaps even extended family members like 2nd or 3rd cousins are what we would call members of your ___________.  Their opinions of your may or may not really matter.

    • Peer group

    • Family

    • Primary group

    • Secondary group

    Correct Answer
    A. Secondary group
    Explanation
    A secondary group refers to a larger, more impersonal group of individuals who come together for a specific purpose or activity, such as a team, class, or extended family members. The opinions of individuals in a secondary group may or may not hold much significance to an individual, as the relationships within this group are typically less intimate and personal compared to primary groups like close friends or immediate family members. Therefore, the correct answer is secondary group.

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  • 45. 

    The military is an example of this.  So is a mental health ward.  One would also argue that prison is an example as well.  These are places in which people are isolated from the rest of society and controlled by officials in charge.   The example that I am speaking of is called  ____________

    • An institution

    • A total institution

    • A de-socialization unit

    • PEHP

    Correct Answer
    A. A total institution
    Explanation
    The correct answer is a total institution. A total institution refers to a place or organization where individuals are completely separated from the larger society and have all aspects of their lives controlled by the authorities in charge. Examples of total institutions include the military, mental health wards, and prisons, where individuals are isolated and subjected to strict rules and regulations.

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  • 46. 

    Emile Durkheim believed that societies are distinguished by two types of social solidarity, the degree to which a society is unified or can hold itself together in the face of obstacles.  He contended that in societies in which the division of labor is simple - in which most people are doing the same type of work - ________________ is the foundation for social unity.   In contrast, in an industrial society, members depend on a variety of people to fulfill their needs - barbers, bankers, manufacturers, etc.  This society is based on _________________, social unity that is based on a complex of social statuses that make members of society interdependent.

    • Gemeinschaft / gesellschaft

    • Gesellschaft / social solidarity

    • Mechanical solidarity / organic solidarity

    • Organic solidarity / mechanical solidarity

    Correct Answer
    A. Mechanical solidarity / organic solidarity
    Explanation
    Emile Durkheim believed that in societies where the division of labor is simple, meaning most people are doing the same type of work, social unity is based on mechanical solidarity. This type of solidarity is characterized by a strong collective consciousness and shared values and beliefs. In contrast, in industrial societies where members depend on a variety of people to fulfill their needs, social unity is based on organic solidarity. This type of solidarity is based on interdependence and the complex network of social statuses that exist in such societies.

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  • 47. 

    Specialized roles make members of a society dependent on one another for goods and services.  For example, banks needs customers and those customers in turn need their banks.  This is an example of ___________

    • Mechanical solidarity

    • Verstehen

    • Rationalization

    • Organic solidarity

    Correct Answer
    A. Organic solidarity
    Explanation
    Specialized roles in society create interdependence among individuals, where they rely on each other for goods and services. In this example, banks require customers to function, while customers rely on banks for their financial needs. This illustrates organic solidarity, which refers to social cohesion based on the interdependence of individuals in complex societies. In contrast to mechanical solidarity, which is based on similarity and shared values, organic solidarity arises from the division of labor and the need for cooperation and mutual support in modern societies. Verstehen refers to understanding social behavior, and rationalization refers to the process of applying rational and efficient means to achieve desired outcomes.

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  • 48. 

    Ms. Callahan is an avid runner.  She will run so much that it  can actually be detrimental to her health at times.  She hurts in her joints like ankles and knees but continues to run, even though she hurts.  She does so because she believes that the pain is only temporary and she needs to "gut it out" and finish.  This is an example of ______________

    • Negative deviance

    • Positive deviance

    • Stupidity

    Correct Answer
    A. Positive deviance
    Explanation
    This is an example of positive deviance. Positive deviance refers to behavior that goes against social norms or expectations in a positive way. In this case, Ms. Callahan's behavior of continuing to run despite experiencing pain and discomfort can be seen as positive deviance because she believes that pushing through the pain will ultimately benefit her health and fitness.

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  • 49. 

    This concept refers to social dependency based on a widespread consensus of values and beliefs, enforced conformity, and dependence on tradition and family.

    • Verstehen

    • Mechanical solidarity

    • Organic solidarity

    • Rationalization

    Correct Answer
    A. Mechanical solidarity
    Explanation
    Mechanical solidarity refers to social dependency based on a widespread consensus of values and beliefs, enforced conformity, and dependence on tradition and family. This concept highlights the idea that in societies with mechanical solidarity, individuals are bound together by shared norms, traditions, and collective consciousness. This form of social cohesion is often found in traditional, pre-industrial societies where social roles and relationships are based on kinship and traditional customs rather than individualism or specialization.

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  • Mar 20, 2023
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  • May 27, 2011
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    Overlagary

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