Sociology Chapter Three Quiz

The family is important to the socialization process because family members provide necessary care for infants and children, which is crucial for their physical and emotional development. Additionally, families play a significant role in shaping a child's social identity by imparting values, beliefs, and traditions related to their class, ethnicity, and religion. Moreover, parents greatly influence a child's self-concept, as they provide love, support, and guidance, which contribute to the child's sense of self-worth and confidence. Therefore, all of the mentioned reasons highlight the importance of the family in the socialization process.

Kingsley Davis's study of Anna, the girl isolated for five years, suggests that without social experiences, a child never develops personality. This implies that social interactions and experiences play a crucial role in the development of a child's personality. The study of Anna, who lacked social interaction during her formative years, provides evidence supporting this conclusion.

The correct answer is "the part of the human personality made up of self-awareness and self-image." According to George Herbert Mead, the "self" refers to the aspect of human personality that consists of self-awareness and self-image. It is the part of us that allows us to reflect on ourselves, understand our own thoughts and actions, and form an identity. This concept emphasizes the importance of social interaction and how our sense of self is developed through our interactions with others.

Carol Gilligan's research added to Kohlberg's findings by highlighting the fact that girls and boys typically use different standards when determining what is right and wrong. This implies that their moral decision-making processes may vary based on their gender.

Lower income parents are more likely to emphasize obedience compared to higher-income parents. This could be due to various reasons such as cultural or societal factors, economic constraints, or the need for discipline and structure in their children's lives. Obedience may be seen as necessary for survival or success in challenging environments, where following rules and authority figures can provide stability and opportunities. Additionally, lower income parents may prioritize obedience as a means to ensure their children's safety and protect them from potential risks or dangers.

Lawrence Kohlberg explored socialization by studying moral reasoning. Moral reasoning refers to the cognitive process of making ethical judgments and decisions. Kohlberg's theory of moral development proposed that individuals progress through different stages of moral reasoning as they grow and mature. He believed that moral development is influenced by social interactions and experiences, and that understanding how individuals reason about moral dilemmas can provide insights into their moral development and socialization processes. Therefore, studying moral reasoning was a key aspect of Kohlberg's research on socialization.

In rich societies, childhood is extended for a longer period compared to poor societies. This could be due to various factors such as better access to education, healthcare, and resources, which allow children in wealthy societies to have a prolonged period of play and learning. In contrast, children in poor societies may be required to start working at an early age or face challenges that limit their opportunities for education and play, thus shortening their childhood.

Erving Goffman, a sociologist, believed that the purpose of a total institution is to radically change a person's personality or behavior. A total institution refers to a place where individuals are completely separated from the rest of society and are subjected to strict rules and regulations. Goffman argued that these institutions aim to break down an individual's existing identity and reshape it according to the institution's norms and values. The intense control and manipulation within a total institution are meant to transform individuals into conforming members of the institution, thereby changing their personality and behavior.