Sociology Final Exam
All questions from chapters 9, 10, and 15. Questions beginning with * are the ones our professor quizzed us on in class. Questions beginning with ++ are not in the book, but our professor told us we needed to know them.
- 1.
______ A set of ideas used to justify and defend the majority's interests and actions is known as
- A.
An ideology
- B.
A doctrine
- C.
A dogma
- D.
A code of ethics
- E.
A philosophy
Correct Answer
A. An ideology -
- 2.
People who possess some distinctive physical or cultural characteristics, are dominated by the majority, and are denied equal treatment are known as
- A.
A minority
- B.
A race
- C.
An ethnic group
- D.
A subculture
- E.
A caste
Correct Answer
A. A minority -
- 3.
Which of the following statements best represents contemporary social scientists' beliefs regarding differences in intelligence among various races?
- A.
The weight of current scientific evidence supports a connection between genetically determined physical characteristics and innate superiority or inferiority of certain races.
- B.
There is no scientific proof that races differ in there innate mental characteristics.
- C.
Recent reports attribute existing differences in measured IQ to racial differences rather than to the social environment.
- D.
Social scientists are now becoming more interested in biological races than in social races.
- E.
Social scientists have stopped doing research on what they consider a closed issue.
Correct Answer
B. There is no scientific proof that races differ in there innate mental characteristics. -
- 4.
_________ is a pattern of assimilation in which immigrants are allowed to maintain their traditional cultural ways while at the same time learning the values and norms of the host culture.
- A.
The melting pot
- B.
Anglo-conformity
- C.
Cultural pluralism
- D.
Accommodation
- E.
Population transfer
Correct Answer
C. Cultural pluralism -
- 5.
The unequal treatment of individuals based on their membership in some minority is known as
- A.
Stereotyping.
- B.
Prejudice.
- C.
Racism.
- D.
The ideal-type method.
- E.
Discrimination.
Correct Answer
E. Discrimination. -
- 6.
* Believing that "all politicians are corrupt" is an example of
- A.
Racism.
- B.
Stereotyping.
- C.
Discrimination.
- D.
Prejudice.
Correct Answer
B. Stereotyping. -
- 7.
The _____________ contends that barring others from social, political, and economic opportunities strengthens the boundaries of the majority.
- A.
Conflict perspective
- B.
Psychological perspective
- C.
Interactionist perspective
- D.
Functionalist perspective
Correct Answer
D. Functionalist perspective -
- 8.
Two nations that are convinced they are going to war engage in hostile interaction that causes a war to occur. This is an example of
- A.
Stereotyping.
- B.
Discrimination.
- C.
A self-fulfilling prophecy.
- D.
Agitation.
Correct Answer
C. A self-fulfilling prophecy. -
- 9.
* Forcing Native Americans onto reservations is an example of
- A.
Anglo-conformity.
- B.
Subjugation.
- C.
Demographic transition.
- D.
Partition.
- E.
Population transfer.
Correct Answer
E. Population transfer. -
- 10.
According to the text, which of the following statements regarding the current condition of African Americans is false?
- A.
Their median income is substantially below that of white households.
- B.
Their poverty rate is four times that of whites.
- C.
African American median family income decreased in the 1980's.
- D.
Less than one-third of African American men are employed in the highest occupational categories.
- E.
Young African American families hold less than one-fifth of the wealth of young white families.
Correct Answer
B. Their poverty rate is four times that of whites. -
- 11.
The United States' policy toward the Native Americans over the years has
- A.
Been consistently paternalistic.
- B.
Been consistently neglectful.
- C.
Vacillated between paternalism and neglect.
- D.
Attempted to unite the various tribes so they can help themselves.
- E.
Been based on the concept of workfare.
Correct Answer
C. Vacillated between paternalism and neglect. -
- 12.
* According to the text, Asian Americans have been especially successful because they
- A.
Possess superior intelligence.
- B.
Profit from illegal activities such as gambling and prostitution.
- C.
Refuse to work at jobs that do not pay well.
- D.
Embrace education as they key to success.
- E.
Place little value on human life.
Correct Answer
D. Embrace education as they key to success. -
- 13.
The success of Jewish Americans can be attributed to all of the following except
- A.
Their willingness to work hard.
- B.
Their emphasis on family responsibility.
- C.
The high value they place on education.
- D.
The skills many Jewish immigrants brought with them.
- E.
Their easy assimilation into mainstream American society.
Correct Answer
E. Their easy assimilation into mainstream American society. -
- 14.
According to dual labor market theory, minority workers tend to be trapped in the ________ labor market, with low-paying jobs and little hope for advancement.
- A.
Secondary or peripheral
- B.
Core
- C.
Primary
- D.
Inferior
- E.
Malfunctioning
Correct Answer
A. Secondary or peripheral -
- 15.
* The evidence clearly shows that race is declining in importance in America, T or F?
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. False -
- 16.
Contrary to popular opinion, white ethnics in the United States are politically more liberal than Protestant blue-collar workers. T or F?
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. True -
- 17.
According to Gordon Allport, children learning prejudice move from a pre-generalized learning method to a stage of total __________.
Correct Answer
rejection - 18.
The attitudes and practices associated with _________ in the American slave system help account for the long-term prejudice and discrimination experienced by African Americans.
Correct Answer
manumission - 19.
* Almost ________ percent of all Americans will be members of minority groups in 2050.
Correct Answer
50 - 20.
Which of the following is not always a characteristic of a minority?
- A.
Distinctive physical or cultural characteristics
- B.
Smaller in number than the majority
- C.
Dominated by the majority
- D.
Denied equal treatment
- E.
A sense of collective identity
Correct Answer
B. Smaller in number than the majority -
- 21.
* Whereas _______ is a biological term, _________ is a psychological and cultural term.
- A.
Gender; sex
- B.
Identity; role
- C.
Gender; gender identity
- D.
Sex; gender
- E.
Phenotype; genotype
Correct Answer
D. Sex; gender -
- 22.
* The debate over explanations for sex differences persists, with the ______ distinction still at the heart of the controversy.
- A.
Nature versus nurture
- B.
Culture versus socialization
- C.
Innate vorces versus genetic forces
- D.
Gender roles versus gender identity
- E.
Testosterone versus estrogen
Correct Answer
A. Nature versus nurture -
- 23.
Although given credit for its insights into the original emergence of gender roles, functionalism is often criticized on the grounds that
- A.
It tends to support a male bias.
- B.
It is too conservative and inadequate to explain recent changes in gender definitions.
- C.
Its proposition that gender roles are functional is detrimental to women.
- D.
It does not address the issue of gender-based inequality.
- E.
It fails to take the biological basis of gender roles into account.
Correct Answer
B. It is too conservative and inadequate to explain recent changes in gender definitions. -
- 24.
* According to conflict theory, gender roles persist because
- A.
Men and women have differential access to the resources needed to succeed outside the home.
- B.
They are beneficial and efficient for human living.
- C.
Gender roles are incorporated into the self-concept through role taking and the looking-glass self.
- D.
They are essential to human survival.
- E.
Women are naturally better suited to perform certain tasks.
Correct Answer
A. Men and women have differential access to the resources needed to succeed outside the home. -
- 25.
Symbolic interactionists believe that traditional gender roles persist because
- A.
Men and women have differential access to the resources needed to succeed outside the home.
- B.
They are beneficial and efficient for human living.
- C.
Gender is incorporated to the self-concept through role taking and the looking-glass self.
- D.
They are essential for human survival.
- E.
Of innate biological differences.
Correct Answer
C. Gender is incorporated to the self-concept through role taking and the looking-glass self. -
- 26.
Which is the true statement regarding the contribution of peers into gender socialization?
- A.
Nursery schools now attempt to ignore gender roles and do not encourage conformity to them.
- B.
Teenagers who most closely fulfill gender role expectations are given the greatest respect.
- C.
Acceptance or rejection by peers is having less and less influence on the adolescent's self-concept.
- D.
Boys are more concerned than girls with gender role socialization.
- E.
In schools today, children are often encouraged to act out in the roles appropriate to the opposite sex.
Correct Answer
B. Teenagers who most closely fulfill gender role expectations are given the greatest respect. -
- 27.
* Women are hurt by the set of beliefs, norms, and values used to justify sexual inequality, known as
- A.
Sexism.
- B.
Prejudice.
- C.
Gender identity.
- D.
Discrimination.
- E.
Gender roles.
Correct Answer
A. Sexism. -
- 28.
* On the average, women in the Unites States are now earning _________ cents for every dollar earned by men.
- A.
45
- B.
52
- C.
60
- D.
76
- E.
83
Correct Answer
D. 76 -
- 29.
* According to the text, the political position of women in the United States is
- A.
Among the worst in the Western world.
- B.
More favorable than that of women in Scandinavian countries.
- C.
Harmed by "women's lib."
- D.
Actually superior to that of men because women vote in greater numbers.
- E.
Measured by the dependency ratio.
Correct Answer
A. Among the worst in the Western world. -
- 30.
The women's movement was an identifiable mass movement at the end of the _______ century.
- A.
Sixteenth
- B.
Seventeenth
- C.
Eighteenth
- D.
Nineteenth
- E.
Twentieth
Correct Answer
D. Nineteenth -
- 31.
The social movement aimed at the achievement of sexual equality is generally known as
- A.
Sexism.
- B.
Feminism.
- C.
Genderism.
- D.
Communism.
- E.
Comparable worth.
Correct Answer
B. Feminism. -
- 32.
According to the text, the most likely form of gender roles in the future is
- A.
Conservative pluralism.
- B.
The melting pot.
- C.
Assimilation to the male model of success.
- D.
Female inclusion.
- E.
Emergent pluralism.
Correct Answer
E. Emergent pluralism. -
- 33.
++ Sexual harassment laws passed in
- A.
1964
- B.
1991
- C.
2002
- D.
1983
Correct Answer
B. 1991 -
- 34.
Which of the following is not a true statement?
- A.
Boys are less assertive in class than girls.
- B.
Illustrated children's books present very traditional gender definitions.
- C.
Parents' perceptions of the physical characteristics of their children are influenced very little by their children's gender.
- D.
Nursery school children who fail to conform to their "appropriate" gender are met with resistance from their peers.
Correct Answer
A. Boys are less assertive in class than girls. -
- 35.
The idea that victory is the most positive reinforcement for all men is an example of
- A.
Sex.
- B.
A sex stereotype.
- C.
A gender role.
- D.
A value uniquely held by men.
Correct Answer
B. A sex stereotype. -
- 36.
Societies that do not follow traditional gender roles are exceptions to the rule. T or F?
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. True -
- 37.
Sex stereotypes and gender roles are essentially the same thing. T or F?
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. False -
- 38.
Gender is acquired through the process of ________.
Correct Answer
socialization - 39.
According to the __________ perspective, the division of labor based on sex has survived because it is beneficial and efficient for human living.
Correct Answer
functionalist - 40.
According to the _________ perspective, traditional gender definitions exist because they provide greater rewards and privileges to men than to women.
Correct Answer
conflict - 41.
_____________ is the theoretical perspective that attempts to explain how gender is acquired.
Correct Answer
Symbolic interactionism - 42.
* Although _________ constitute only about 10 percent of health-care workers in the United States, they establish the framework within which everyone else works.
- A.
Hospice personnel
- B.
Physicians
- C.
Registered nurses
- D.
Practical nurses
- E.
Medical consultants
Correct Answer
B. Physicians -
- 43.
Talcott Parsons uses the term ___________ to describe the complex set of rights and responsibilities associated with biological illness.
- A.
Illness syndrome
- B.
Sick role
- C.
Doctor-patient nexus
- D.
Instrumental role nexus
- E.
Mutual contact
Correct Answer
B. Sick role -
- 44.
According to Marxist scholar Vicente Navarro, the success of the medical profession in the United States is due to
- A.
Clever lobbying by the American Medical Association.
- B.
The high quality of American medical schools.
- C.
The dedication of nurses and volunteers.
- D.
Its connection with dominant societal power blocs.
- E.
Its roots in religion.
Correct Answer
D. Its connection with dominant societal power blocs. -
- 45.
Which of the following statements would conflict theory be most likely to assert?
- A.
Medical schools socialize students to accept the beliefs, norms, values, and attitudes associated with the medical profession.
- B.
Those political and economic forces that determine the nature of capitalism also determine the nature of the health-care system.
- C.
"Sickness and "illness" are now seldom used social labels to stigmatize people in the United States.
- D.
The experience of pain is not affected by cultural differences.
- E.
Because it is now known that AIDS cannot be acquired through casual social interaction, this disease is on the way to losing its negative symbolic baggage.
Correct Answer
A. Medical schools socialize students to accept the beliefs, norms, values, and attitudes associated with the medical profession. -
- 46.
Epidemiologists have demonstrated that health and illness are strongly influenced by __________ factors.
- A.
Social psychological
- B.
Demographic and social class
- C.
Anthropological
- D.
Genetic
- E.
Spiritual
Correct Answer
B. Demographic and social class -
- 47.
* With the exception of _________, racial and ethnic minorities in the United States have poorer health than the general white population.
- A.
Native Americans
- B.
Dominicans
- C.
Asian Americans
- D.
Aleuts
- E.
Puerto Ricans
Correct Answer
C. Asian Americans -
- 48.
Which of the following statements regarding health-care reform in the United States is accurate?
- A.
Few modern societies provide health care as a free or inexpensive service through their governments.
- B.
The United States is one of the few highly developed countries with national health insurance
- C.
Only the poorest Americans are without access to medical care on a nonemergency basis.
- D.
Only a little more than 1 million children in the United States are not covered by health insurance.
- E.
A major reason for health-care reform in the United States is the substantial proportion of Americans who do not have access to medical care, except on an emergency basis.
Correct Answer
E. A major reason for health-care reform in the United States is the substantial proportion of Americans who do not have access to medical care, except on an emergency basis. -
- 49.
Which of the following was not discussed as a basic health-care reform option for the United States?
- A.
Modified competitiveness
- B.
Managed competition
- C.
All payer
- D.
Single player
- E.
Play or pay
Correct Answer
C. All payer -
- 50.
Age stratification is justified by
- A.
Scientific research.
- B.
Legal precedent.
- C.
Society.
- D.
Economic reality.
Correct Answer
C. Society. -
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