Sociology Final Exam

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13. * Believing that "all politicians are corrupt" is an example of

Racism.

Stereotyping.

Discrimination.

Prejudice.

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15. * According to the text, Asian Americans have been especially successful because they

Possess superior intelligence.

Profit from illegal activities such as gambling and prostitution.

Refuse to work at jobs that do not pay well.

Embrace education as they key to success.

Place little value on human life.

16. ______ A set of ideas used to justify and defend the majority's interests and actions is known as

An ideology

A doctrine

A dogma

A code of ethics

A philosophy

17. Sex stereotypes and gender roles are essentially the same thing. T or F?

True

False

18. Contrary to popular opinion, white ethnics in the United States are politically more liberal than Protestant blue-collar workers. T or F?

True

False

19. People who possess some distinctive physical or cultural characteristics, are dominated by the majority, and are denied equal treatment are known as

A minority

A race

An ethnic group

A subculture

A caste

20. The social movement aimed at the achievement of sexual equality is generally known as

Sexism.

Feminism.

Genderism.

Communism.

Comparable worth.

21. Two nations that are convinced they are going to war engage in hostile interaction that causes a war to occur. This is an example of

Stereotyping.

Discrimination.

A self-fulfilling prophecy.

Agitation.

22. * Women are hurt by the set of beliefs, norms, and values used to justify sexual inequality, known as

Sexism.

Prejudice.

Gender identity.

Discrimination.

Gender roles.

23. The unequal treatment of individuals based on their membership in some minority is known as

Stereotyping.

Prejudice.

Racism.

The ideal-type method.

Discrimination.

24. * Whereas _ is a biological term, ___ is a psychological and cultural term.

Gender; sex

Identity; role

Gender; gender identity

Sex; gender

Phenotype; genotype

25. Age stratification is justified by

Scientific research.

Legal precedent.

Society.

Economic reality.

26. * Graying (the aging of a population) is most common in

Developing countries.

Highly industrialized countries.

Preindustrial societies.

African and Asian countries.

27. The idea that victory is the most positive reinforcement for all men is an example of

Sex.

A sex stereotype.

A gender role.

A value uniquely held by men.

28. The poverty rate for Americans over 65 is lower than the official count indicates. T or F?

True

False

29. _________ is a pattern of assimilation in which immigrants are allowed to maintain their traditional cultural ways while at the same time learning the values and norms of the host culture.

The melting pot

Anglo-conformity

Cultural pluralism

Accommodation

Population transfer

30. * The evidence clearly shows that race is declining in importance in America, T or F?

True

False

31. The major reason the United States does not have a national health-care system is because its citizens want different results from health-care programs than citizens of other developed societies. T or F?

True

False

32. The success of Jewish Americans can be attributed to all of the following except

Their willingness to work hard.

Their emphasis on family responsibility.

The high value they place on education.

The skills many Jewish immigrants brought with them.

Their easy assimilation into mainstream American society.

33. Symbolic interactionists believe that traditional gender roles persist because

Men and women have differential access to the resources needed to succeed outside the home.

They are beneficial and efficient for human living.

Gender is incorporated to the self-concept through role taking and the looking-glass self.

They are essential for human survival.

Of innate biological differences.

34. The women's movement was an identifiable mass movement at the end of the _______ century.

Sixteenth

Seventeenth

Eighteenth

Nineteenth

Twentieth

35. Which of the following statements best represents contemporary social scientists' beliefs regarding differences in intelligence among various races?

There is no scientific proof that races differ in there innate mental characteristics.

Recent reports attribute existing differences in measured IQ to racial differences rather than to the social environment.

Social scientists are now becoming more interested in biological races than in social races.

Social scientists have stopped doing research on what they consider a closed issue.

36. * With the exception of _________, racial and ethnic minorities in the United States have poorer health than the general white population.

Native Americans

Dominicans

Asian Americans

Aleuts

Puerto Ricans

37. According to dual labor market theory, minority workers tend to be trapped in the ________ labor market, with low-paying jobs and little hope for advancement.

Secondary or peripheral

Core

Primary

Inferior

Malfunctioning

38. * According to conflict theory, gender roles persist because

Men and women have differential access to the resources needed to succeed outside the home.

They are beneficial and efficient for human living.

Gender roles are incorporated into the self-concept through role taking and the looking-glass self.

They are essential to human survival.

Women are naturally better suited to perform certain tasks.

39. Societies that do not follow traditional gender roles are exceptions to the rule. T or F?

True

False

40. * The proportion of persons under age fifteen and over sixty-four to those between fifteen and sixty-four is known as the

Dependency ratio.

Age cohort.

Population pyramid.

Ageism.

41. * The debate over explanations for sex differences persists, with the ______ distinction still at the heart of the controversy.

Nature versus nurture

Culture versus socialization

Innate vorces versus genetic forces

Gender roles versus gender identity

Testosterone versus estrogen

42. Which of the following statements regarding health-care reform in the United States is accurate?

Few modern societies provide health care as a free or inexpensive service through their governments.

The United States is one of the few highly developed countries with national health insurance

Only the poorest Americans are without access to medical care on a nonemergency basis.

Only a little more than 1 million children in the United States are not covered by health insurance.

43. Of the following, which is an accurate statement?

Since 1960, the economic situation for the elderly in the United States has deteriorated.

The poverty rate for Americans over sixty-five is lower than the official count indicates.

Only about one-fourth of American families in poverty have female heads of household.

44. ++ Sexual harassment laws passed in

1964

1991

2002

1983

45. * On the average, women in the Unites States are now earning _________ cents for every dollar earned by men.

45

52

60

76

83

46. * Although _________ constitute only about 10 percent of health-care workers in the United States, they establish the framework within which everyone else works.

Hospice personnel

Physicians

Registered nurses

Practical nurses

Medical consultants

47. Talcott Parsons uses the term ___________ to describe the complex set of rights and responsibilities associated with biological illness.

Illness syndrome

Sick role

Doctor-patient nexus

Instrumental role nexus

Mutual contact

48. The United States' policy toward the Native Americans over the years has

Been consistently paternalistic.

Been consistently neglectful.

Vacillated between paternalism and neglect.

Attempted to unite the various tribes so they can help themselves.

Been based on the concept of workfare.

49. Epidemiologists have demonstrated that health and illness are strongly influenced by __________ factors.

Social psychological

Demographic and social class

Anthropological

Genetic

Spiritual

50. Which of the following factors does not affect the age structure of a population?

Fertility rate

Age stratification

Mortality rate

Life expectancy

51. The _____________ contends that barring others from social, political, and economic opportunities strengthens the boundaries of the majority.

Conflict perspective

Psychological perspective

Interactionist perspective

Functionalist perspective

52. Which of the following is not always a characteristic of a minority?

Distinctive physical or cultural characteristics

Smaller in number than the majority

Dominated by the majority

Denied equal treatment

A sense of collective identity

53. Which of the following is not a true statement?

Boys are less assertive in class than girls.

Illustrated children's books present very traditional gender definitions.

Parents' perceptions of the physical characteristics of their children are influenced very little by their children's gender.

Nursery school children who fail to conform to their "appropriate" gender are met with resistance from their peers.

54. * Forcing Native Americans onto reservations is an example of

Anglo-conformity.

Subjugation.

Demographic transition.

Partition.

Population transfer.

55. Health-care expenditures now amount for about ________ percent of the American GDP.

5

10

16

21

56. * According to the text, the political position of women in the United States is

Among the worst in the Western world.

More favorable than that of women in Scandinavian countries.

Harmed by "women's lib."

Actually superior to that of men because women vote in greater numbers.

Measured by the dependency ratio.

57. According to the text, which of the following statements regarding the current condition of African Americans is false?

Their median income is substantially below that of white households.

Their poverty rate is four times that of whites.

African American median family income decreased in the 1980's.

Less than one-third of African American men are employed in the highest occupational categories.

Young African American families hold less than one-fifth of the wealth of young white families.

58. Including the "near poor" in the number of at-risk elderly means that about one in _______ of those age sixty-five and older is poor.

Ten

Twenty

Two

Six

59. Which is the true statement regarding the contribution of peers into gender socialization?

Nursery schools now attempt to ignore gender roles and do not encourage conformity to them.

Teenagers who most closely fulfill gender role expectations are given the greatest respect.

Acceptance or rejection by peers is having less and less influence on the adolescent's self-concept.

Boys are more concerned than girls with gender role socialization.

In schools today, children are often encouraged to act out in the roles appropriate to the opposite sex.

60. Which of the following was not discussed as a basic health-care reform option for the United States?

Modified competitiveness

Managed competition

All payer

Single player

Play or pay

61. * The aging of the population is largely confined to the most highly industrialized societies. T or F?

True

False

62. Although given credit for its insights into the original emergence of gender roles, functionalism is often criticized on the grounds that

It tends to support a male bias.

It is too conservative and inadequate to explain recent changes in gender definitions.

Its proposition that gender roles are functional is detrimental to women.

It does not address the issue of gender-based inequality.

It fails to take the biological basis of gender roles into account.

63. Which of the following statements would conflict theory be most likely to assert?

Medical schools socialize students to accept the beliefs, norms, values, and attitudes associated with the medical profession.

Those political and economic forces that determine the nature of capitalism also determine the nature of the health-care system.

"Sickness and "illness" are now seldom used social labels to stigmatize people in the United States.

The experience of pain is not affected by cultural differences.

64. Nurses are caught in a conflict between their values and their work environment. Which of the following perspectives best helps us understand this situation?

Functionalism

Conflict theory

Symbolic interactionism

Exchange theory

65. According to the text, the most likely form of gender roles in the future is

Conservative pluralism.

The melting pot.

Assimilation to the male model of success.

Female inclusion.

Emergent pluralism.

66. * By 2050, the population pyramid of the United States is expected to resemble

A triangle.

A classic pyramid.

A rectangle.

An inverted pyramid.

67. According to Marxist scholar Vicente Navarro, the success of the medical profession in the United States is due to

Clever lobbying by the American Medical Association.

The high quality of American medical schools.

The dedication of nurses and volunteers.

Its connection with dominant societal power blocs.

Its roots in religion.

Sociology Final Exam

1. According to ________ theory, affordable health care is not provided to the poor in the United States because of the desire for profit.

2.

What first name or nickname would you like us to use?

2. According to the _________ perspective, traditional gender definitions exist because they provide greater rewards and privileges to men than to women.

3. ++ Our professor asked us one more question about "The Gods Must Be Crazy," but I do not recall what it was. Just remember that the answer is conflict theory.

4. ++ In the film "The Gods Must Be Crazy," the tribe began having problems after they found a ________.

5. According to Gordon Allport, children learning prejudice move from a pre-generalized learning method to a stage of total __________.

6. * Almost ________ percent of all Americans will be members of minority groups in 2050.

7. The _______ embraces the professional services, organizations, training academies, and technological resources that are committed to the treatment, management, and prevention of disease.

8. The attitudes and practices associated with _________ in the American slave system help account for the long-term prejudice and discrimination experienced by African Americans.

9. Gender is acquired through the process of ________.

10. According to the __________ perspective, the division of labor based on sex has survived because it is beneficial and efficient for human living.

11. * If a sick person in American society does not attempt to recover, he or she will be labeled a _______.

12. _______ refers to a set of beliefs, attitudes, norms, and values used to justify age-based prejudice and discrimination.

13. * Believing that "all politicians are corrupt" is an example of

14. _____________ is the theoretical perspective that attempts to explain how gender is acquired.

15. * According to the text, Asian Americans have been especially successful because they

16. ______ A set of ideas used to justify and defend the majority's interests and actions is known as

17. Sex stereotypes and gender roles are essentially the same thing. T or F?

18. Contrary to popular opinion, white ethnics in the United States are politically more liberal than Protestant blue-collar workers. T or F?

19. People who possess some distinctive physical or cultural characteristics, are dominated by the majority, and are denied equal treatment are known as

20. The social movement aimed at the achievement of sexual equality is generally known as

21. Two nations that are convinced they are going to war engage in hostile interaction that causes a war to occur. This is an example of

22. * Women are hurt by the set of beliefs, norms, and values used to justify sexual inequality, known as

23. The unequal treatment of individuals based on their membership in some minority is known as

24. * Whereas _______ is a biological term, _________ is a psychological and cultural term.

25. Age stratification is justified by

26. * Graying (the aging of a population) is most common in

27. The idea that victory is the most positive reinforcement for all men is an example of

28. The poverty rate for Americans over 65 is lower than the official count indicates. T or F?

29. _________ is a pattern of assimilation in which immigrants are allowed to maintain their traditional cultural ways while at the same time learning the values and norms of the host culture.

30. * The evidence clearly shows that race is declining in importance in America, T or F?

31. The major reason the United States does not have a national health-care system is because its citizens want different results from health-care programs than citizens of other developed societies. T or F?

32. The success of Jewish Americans can be attributed to all of the following except

33. Symbolic interactionists believe that traditional gender roles persist because

34. The women's movement was an identifiable mass movement at the end of the _______ century.

35. Which of the following statements best represents contemporary social scientists' beliefs regarding differences in intelligence among various races?

36. * With the exception of _________, racial and ethnic minorities in the United States have poorer health than the general white population.

37. According to dual labor market theory, minority workers tend to be trapped in the ________ labor market, with low-paying jobs and little hope for advancement.

38. * According to conflict theory, gender roles persist because

39. Societies that do not follow traditional gender roles are exceptions to the rule. T or F?

40. * The proportion of persons under age fifteen and over sixty-four to those between fifteen and sixty-four is known as the

41. * The debate over explanations for sex differences persists, with the ______ distinction still at the heart of the controversy.

42. Which of the following statements regarding health-care reform in the United States is accurate?

43. Of the following, which is an accurate statement?

44. ++ Sexual harassment laws passed in

45. * On the average, women in the Unites States are now earning _________ cents for every dollar earned by men.

46. * Although _________ constitute only about 10 percent of health-care workers in the United States, they establish the framework within which everyone else works.

47. Talcott Parsons uses the term ___________ to describe the complex set of rights and responsibilities associated with biological illness.

48. The United States' policy toward the Native Americans over the years has

49. Epidemiologists have demonstrated that health and illness are strongly influenced by __________ factors.

50. Which of the following factors does not affect the age structure of a population?

51. The _____________ contends that barring others from social, political, and economic opportunities strengthens the boundaries of the majority.

52. Which of the following is not always a characteristic of a minority?

53. Which of the following is not a true statement?

54. * Forcing Native Americans onto reservations is an example of

55. Health-care expenditures now amount for about ________ percent of the American GDP.

56. * According to the text, the political position of women in the United States is

57. According to the text, which of the following statements regarding the current condition of African Americans is false?

58. Including the "near poor" in the number of at-risk elderly means that about one in _______ of those age sixty-five and older is poor.

59. Which is the true statement regarding the contribution of peers into gender socialization?

60. Which of the following was not discussed as a basic health-care reform option for the United States?

61. * The aging of the population is largely confined to the most highly industrialized societies. T or F?

62. Although given credit for its insights into the original emergence of gender roles, functionalism is often criticized on the grounds that

63. Which of the following statements would conflict theory be most likely to assert?

64. Nurses are caught in a conflict between their values and their work environment. Which of the following perspectives best helps us understand this situation?

65. According to the text, the most likely form of gender roles in the future is

66. * By 2050, the population pyramid of the United States is expected to resemble

67. According to Marxist scholar Vicente Navarro, the success of the medical profession in the United States is due to

24. * Whereas _ is a biological term, ___ is a psychological and cultural term.