Sociology 3
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- 1.From the cases of institutionalized children, it is possible to conclude that:
- A.
Humans have no natural language
- B.
Social interaction is important for humans to establish close bonds with others
- C.
It is impossible for a person who has been isolated to progress through normal learning stages
- D.
All of the above
- 2.The looking-glass self includes:
- A.
Imagining how we appear to those around us
- B.
Interpreting others' reaction to us
- C.
Developinga self-concept
- D.
All of the above
- 3.All of the following statements about Cooley's theory of the development of self are correct except:
- A.
The development of self is an ongoing, lifelong process
- B.
We move beyond the looking-glass self as we mature
- C.
The process of the looking-glass self applies to old age
- D.
The self is always in process
- 4.Taking the role of the other means to:
- A.
Put ourselves in someone else's shoes
- B.
Take a role away from someone
- C.
Develop self-esteem
- D.
Reach the play stage
- 5.According to George Herbert Mead which of the following is not one of the three stages in learning to take the role of the generalized other?
- A.
Imitation
- B.
Transition
- C.
Play
- D.
Game
- 6.The stage of learning to take the role of the other, which generally takes place from three to six years of age, is:
- A.
The play stage
- B.
The games stage
- C.
The imitation stage
- D.
The sensorimotor stage
- 7.According to Jean Piaget, children develop the ability to use symbols during the __________ stage.
- A.
Sensormotor
- B.
Preoperational
- C.
Concrete operational
- D.
Formal operational
- 8.In Piaget's formal operational stage children are:
- A.
Capable of abstract thinking
- B.
Capable of only taking the role of the other
- C.
Capable of only using symbols
- D.
Capable of understanding numbers
- 9.Freud's term for a balancing force between the inborn drives for self-gratification and the demands of society is the:
- A.
Id
- B.
Superego
- C.
Ego
- D.
Libido
- 10.Paul Ekman found that everyone in the world experiences six basic:
- A.
Beliefs
- B.
Values
- C.
Emotions
- D.
Folkways
- 11._________ not only leads to different ways of expressing emotions, but even affects what we feel.
- A.
Language
- B.
Socialization
- C.
Culture
- D.
Religion
- 12.The result of being socialized into a self and emotions sets up effective _____ over our behavior.
- A.
Controls
- B.
Laws
- C.
Agents
- D.
Customs
- 13.Usually, the significant others who first teach us our part in the gender-division of the world are:
- A.
Our peers
- B.
Our parents
- C.
Our teachers
- D.
Our televisions
- 14.People and groups that influence our self-concept, emotions, attitudes, and behavior are:
- A.
Likely to be in single-parent households
- B.
Generalized others
- C.
Agents of socialization
- D.
Primarily passive influences
- 15.According to sociologist Melvin Kohn, middle-class parents try to develop their children's:
- A.
Outward conformity
- B.
Level of obedience, neatness, and cleanliness
- C.
Curiosity, self-expression, and self-control
- D.
All of the above
- 16.When we examine influences of religion, approximately how many Americans belong to a local congregation?
- A.
Ten percent
- B.
Sixty-five percent
- C.
One-hundred percent
- D.
Thirty percent
- 17.A National Institute of Child Health and Human Development study on kindergarten children indicated that:
- A.
Time spent in kindergarten has little effect on cooperation with others
- B.
Time spent in kindergarten has no effect on the bonds with their mothers
- C.
Time spent in kindergarten negatively affects bonds with their mothers and cooperation with others
- D.
Time spent in kindergarten has negative effects only because of the quality of the time spent in day care and the level of social class
- 18.According to a study by Adler & Adler, the norms that made boys popular in elementary school include all except:
- A.
Athletic ability
- B.
Family background
- C.
Coolness
- D.
Toughness
- 19.__________ socialization is learning to play a role before entering it.
- A.
Total
- B.
Childhood
- C.
Workplace
- D.
Anticipatory
- 20.In a highly patriarchal society, women "socially" become men for:
- A.
Biological reasons
- B.
Developmental socialization
- C.
Mature socialization
- D.
Practical reasons
- 21.Total institutions:
- A.
Is a term coined by Harold Garfinkel
- B.
Exist primarily in societies with totalitarian governments
- C.
Are places in which people are cut off from the rest of society and are almost toally controlledby the officials who run the place
- D.
All of the above
- 22.The stages that we all go through in life are called the:
- A.
Birth to death sequence
- B.
Life course
- C.
Life stages
- D.
Birth to death stages
- 23.Everyone's childhood occurs atsome pointinhistory, and is embedded in:
- A.
Particular social locations
- B.
Social class
- C.
Gender
- D.
All of the above
- 24.The sandwich generation experience is most likely to occus in the United States during:
- A.
The early middle years
- B.
The older years
- C.
Young adulthood
- D.
The later middle years
- 25.Given recent socail changes that have taken place within the United States, which of the following groups are particularly challenged by the early middle years stage of the life course?
- A.
Generation X
- B.
Women
- C.
Baby boomers
- D.
Men
- 26.For many aging people, the most comfortable period in their lives is:
- A.
The older years
- B.
The later middle years
- C.
Young adulthood
- D.
The early middle years
- 27.With the change from agricultural societies to industrialized societies, what used to be thought of as old age (40) has stretched out to include a new stage of life beginning around 63. This stage is:
- A.
The later middle years
- B.
The pre-retirement years
- C.
The post-retirement years
- D.
The transitional older years
- 28.Increasingly during the last stage of life, people begin to contemplate:
- A.
Death
- B.
Retirement
- C.
Taking care of grandchildren
- D.
Loss of physical ability
- 29.What is it that prevents us from being prisoners of socialization?
- A.
Our culture
- B.
Our education
- C.
Our self
- D.
Our families
- 30.Each of us is actively involved in the construction of the:
- A.
Mind
- B.
Self
- C.
Norms of society
- D.
Id and the ego
- 31.Studies of both isolated and institutionalized children demonstrate that some of the characteristics that we take for granted as being "human" traits result from our basic instincts.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 32.Studies of monkeys suggest that animals do not react in smiliar ways to humans when isolated.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 33.Socialization is the process by which we learn the ways of society, or all particular groups.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 34.George H. Mead introduced the concept of the generalized other to sociology.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 35.According to Cooley, the development of the self is essentially completed by adolescence.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 36.Mead thought that play is crucial to the development of the self.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 37.According to Mead, from the ages of about three to six, children can only mimic others.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 38.The I is the self as subject.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 39.Piaget used the term "operational" to mean the ability to reason.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 40.During Piaget's preoperational stage, a child'sunderstanding is limited to direct contact with the environment.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 41.The technique of psychoanalysis was founded by Piaget and Freud.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 42.Freud assumed that to be male is normal.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 43.Each culture has norms of emotion that demand conformity.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 44.Our social mirror sets up effective controls over our behavior.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 45.Sociologists Melvin Kohn found that the main concern of middle-class parents is their children's outward conformity.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 46.The Adler study found that athletic ability helped make boys popular.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 47.Anticipatory socialization involves learning to play a role before actually taking on that role.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 48.A person, who was married but is now divorced and single will experience the process of resocialization.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 49.Total institutions rarely encourage degradation ceremonies.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 50.Industrialization brought with it a delay in the onset of old age.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 51.In the case of Isabelle, the dabate about _________ became important again.
- 52.In a series of experiments with rhesus monkeys, the researchers Harlow and Harlow demonstrated the importance of ________.
- 53.Charles H. Cooley coined the term _______ to describe the process by which a sense of self develops.
- 54.To put yourself in someone else's shoes is to learn how to _________.
- 55.The ability to understand how the group as a whole feels and thinks is to percieve the __________.
- 56._________ is the term usedto describe someone,such as a parent and/or a sibling, who plays a major role in our social development.
- 57.The ego develops to balance the ___________.
- 58.In their sutdiesof young children, Goldberg and Lewis concluded that mothers unconciously reward their daughters for being ________.
- 59.One of the main findings of the sociologist Kohn was the socialization depends on a family's _______.
- 60.The process of learning new norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors to match new life situations is _________.
- 61.An attempt to remake the self by stripping away the individual's current identity and stamping a new one in its place is a ________.
- 62.Stages, from birth to death, are called _______.
- 63.The life course stage between childhood and adulthood is ________.
- 64.The stage of the life course that poses a special challenge for omwne in the United States is _________.
- 65.In pre-industrial societies, old age was thought to begin around age _______.
- 66.Coined the term "looking-glass self".
- A.
Cooley
- B.
Kohn
- C.
Piaget
- 67.Id, ego, and superego
- A.
Piaget
- B.
Mead
- C.
Freud
- 68.Coined the term "generalized other".
- A.
Cooley
- B.
Mead
- C.
Kohn
- 69.Studied social class differences in child-rearing,
- A.
Piaget
- B.
Kohn
- C.
Mead
- 70.Concluded that children experience four stages of development.
- A.
Piaget
- B.
Freud
- C.
Kohn
- 71.Who developed the concept of "looking-glass self."
- 72.Define resocialization.
- 73.Define significant other.
- 74.Learning to be "male" or "female" is known as ________.
- 75.Groups of individuals approximately the same age are called _________.
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