Test On Skin, Hair and Nails! Trivia Quiz

The skin is the largest organ of the body because it covers the entire external surface and is responsible for protecting the body from external factors such as bacteria, viruses, and physical damage. It also regulates body temperature, stores water and fat, and helps in the synthesis of vitamin D.

Melanin is a pigment found in the skin that gives it color. It is produced by cells called melanocytes and is responsible for determining the skin, hair, and eye color of an individual. Melanin also helps protect the skin from the harmful effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun by absorbing and scattering the UV rays. Additionally, melanin plays a role in wound healing and acts as a natural defense against skin cancer.

When exposed to ultraviolet radiation, the skin is able to produce Vitamin D. Ultraviolet B (UVB) rays from the sun interact with a type of cholesterol present in the skin, converting it into Vitamin D3. This inactive form of Vitamin D is then further processed by the liver and kidneys to convert it into its active form, known as calcitriol. Vitamin D plays a crucial role in maintaining bone health by aiding in the absorption of calcium and phosphorus from the intestines. It also has various other important functions in the body, including supporting the immune system and regulating cell growth.

The epidermis is the correct answer because it is the thin, protective outer layer of the skin. It is made up of several layers of cells and serves as a barrier to protect the body from external factors such as bacteria, UV radiation, and dehydration. The epidermis also plays a role in regulating body temperature and contains melanocytes, which produce melanin responsible for skin color.

Sebaceous glands are responsible for secreting sebum, an oily substance that helps to lubricate the skin and hair. Sebum plays a crucial role in keeping the skin moisturized and preventing it from drying out. It also helps to protect the skin from harmful bacteria and other external irritants. Sweat glands, on the other hand, are responsible for secreting sweat, which helps to regulate body temperature. Uric acid is a waste product that is excreted through urine, and water is essential for maintaining hydration in the body. Therefore, the correct answer is sebum.

The hair serves as a protective barrier for the scalp and other parts of the body. It helps to prevent the entry of foreign particles, such as dust and dirt, into the skin. Additionally, the hair provides insulation and protection against UV radiation from the sun. It also helps to regulate body temperature by trapping heat close to the skin. Overall, the hair plays a crucial role in protecting the body from external elements and maintaining its overall well-being.

Erythema is the correct answer because it is the term used to describe the redness of the skin caused by increased blood flow. It is a common symptom of inflammation or irritation and can occur in various conditions such as sunburn, allergic reactions, or infections. Erythema is characterized by the dilation of blood vessels near the skin's surface, leading to the red appearance. Chloasma, lentigines, and vitiligo are unrelated conditions that do not involve the redness of the skin due to increased blood flow.

Keratin is a protein that plays a crucial role in the structure and function of the skin. It forms a protective barrier on the outermost layer of the skin, known as the epidermis, which helps to prevent water loss and protect the underlying tissues from damage. This waterproofing ability of keratin is essential for maintaining the integrity and health of the skin. Additionally, keratin also provides mechanical strength and resilience to the skin, making it less susceptible to injury. Therefore, the statement that "Keratin helps waterproof and protect the skin" is true.

Cell division in the nail occurs in the matrix. The matrix is the area located at the base of the nail, beneath the cuticle. It contains the cells responsible for producing new nail cells, which then push forward and harden to form the nail plate. The matrix is essential for nail growth and regeneration, as it continuously produces new cells to replace the old ones that are pushed forward.

The given options state that the skin is either a serous membrane, synovial membrane, or mucous membrane, but in reality, the skin is none of these. The skin is the largest organ of the integumentary system and is composed of multiple layers of epithelial tissue. It serves as a protective barrier for the body and helps regulate temperature. The correct answer is "None of the above" because the skin is not classified as any of the mentioned types of membranes.

The correct order of the layers of the epidermis, from the most superficial to the deepest, is stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, and stratum germinativum. The stratum corneum is the outermost layer of the epidermis, consisting of dead skin cells that provide protection. The stratum lucidum is a translucent layer found only in thick skin areas. The stratum granulosum contains granules that help to waterproof the skin. The stratum spinosum is responsible for strength and flexibility. The stratum germinativum, also known as the basal layer, is the deepest layer where new skin cells are produced.

Herpes simples is a viral infection that primarily affects the skin. It is caused by the herpes simplex virus and can result in the formation of painful blisters or sores on the skin. This infection is highly contagious and can be transmitted through direct contact with the affected area. Although it primarily affects the skin, it can also affect other parts of the body, including the mucous membranes and the genitals. Treatment for herpes simples typically involves antiviral medications to reduce symptoms and prevent outbreaks.

The active stage in the hair growth cycle is called Anagen. During this stage, the hair follicles are actively producing new hair cells, resulting in hair growth. This phase can last for several years, and the length of the hair during this stage is determined by genetics. After the Anagen phase, the hair enters the Catagen phase, where it stops growing and detaches from the blood supply. Finally, the hair enters the Telogen phase, also known as the resting phase, where it remains in a dormant state before eventually shedding and being replaced by new hair. Mutagen is not a stage in the hair growth cycle, but rather refers to substances or agents that can cause genetic mutations.

Keratinized stratified epithelium is found in the epidermis. The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin and is composed of multiple layers of cells. The outermost layer of the epidermis, known as the stratum corneum, is composed of dead cells filled with a protein called keratin. This layer provides protection to the underlying layers and helps to prevent water loss from the skin. The presence of keratinized stratified epithelium in the epidermis is what gives the skin its strength and durability.

Keloids are an overgrowth of scar tissue. Unlike normal scars that heal and fade over time, keloids continue to grow and can become raised, thick, and often extend beyond the boundaries of the original wound. They are not harmless, soft, flesh-colored growths on the skin, age spots, or small white pustules. Keloids can be caused by various factors such as injury, surgery, acne, or even minor skin irritation. They can be itchy, tender, and may cause cosmetic concerns, but they are generally not harmful to a person's health.

Mitosis is the process of cell division where a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells. It occurs in the stratum germinativum, which is the deepest layer of the epidermis. This layer contains actively dividing cells that continuously replenish the upper layers of the skin. The stratum germinativum is responsible for the growth and regeneration of the epidermis, making it the correct answer for where mitosis takes place.

The reticular layer of the dermis contains collagen and elastin, which are proteins that provide strength and elasticity to the skin. These proteins are essential for maintaining the structure and integrity of the skin, as well as supporting other skin structures such as blood vessels, hair follicles, and sweat glands. Without the reticular layer, the skin would be unable to maintain its shape and function properly.

The stratum corneum is the outermost layer of the skin where cells are dead and completely filled with keratin. Keratin is a tough protein that provides strength and protection to the skin. This layer acts as a barrier against external factors such as bacteria, UV radiation, and chemicals. The cells in the stratum corneum are constantly shedding and being replaced by new cells from the lower layers of the skin.

The germinal matrix is the correct answer because it is the region of the hair follicle where cell division occurs. This area is responsible for producing new cells that will eventually form the hair shaft. The outer root sheath and inner root sheath are structures that surround the germinal matrix but do not directly contribute to cell division. The hair shaft is the visible part of the hair that extends above the skin surface and does not undergo cell division.

Epithelial tissue is the correct answer because it is the type of tissue that generally lines hollow cavities in the body. Epithelial tissue is made up of tightly packed cells that form a protective barrier and can be found lining organs, blood vessels, and body cavities. It plays a crucial role in protection, absorption, secretion, and sensory reception. Connective tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue have different functions and are not primarily responsible for lining hollow cavities.

The clinical term for nail biting is Onychophagy. This term refers to the habit of biting or chewing one's nails, which can be a common nervous habit. Onychophagy can lead to various problems such as damage to the nails, cuticles, and surrounding skin, as well as an increased risk of infections. It is important to address and manage this habit to maintain healthy nails and overall well-being.

Proteins are synthesized in ribosomes. Ribosomes are organelles found in cells that are responsible for protein synthesis. They are composed of RNA and protein molecules and can be found either in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. Ribosomes read the genetic information in mRNA and use it to assemble amino acids into a polypeptide chain, which then folds into a functional protein. Therefore, ribosomes play a crucial role in protein synthesis within the cell.

Eccrine glands are located in all parts of the body. These glands are responsible for producing sweat, which helps regulate body temperature. They are found in high concentrations in areas such as the axillae (armpits) and groin, but they are also present throughout the rest of the body, except for the palms, soles, and lips.

Transitional epithelial tissue is found in the lining of the bladder. This type of tissue is unique because it can stretch and expand without tearing. The cells in transitional epithelium are able to change shape and flatten when the bladder is empty, and they become more rounded and stretched when the bladder is full. This allows the bladder to accommodate and hold varying amounts of urine. Transitional epithelial tissue is also found in other organs that need to stretch, such as the ureters and urethra.

The hyponychium is the strip of tissue located under the edge of the nail plate. It acts as a protective barrier for the nail bed, preventing infections from entering. The eponychium refers to the cuticle area, the paronychium is the soft tissue surrounding the nail, and the cuticle is the layer of dead skin cells at the base of the nail. Therefore, the correct answer is hyponychium.

In anaphase of mitosis, the chromatids, which are the replicated copies of chromosomes, are pulled apart and move towards opposite poles of the cell. This is facilitated by the contraction of the spindle fibers attached to the centromeres of the chromatids. Once the chromatids are fully separated, they are considered individual chromosomes. Therefore, anaphase is the stage of mitosis where chromatids are pulled to opposite poles of the cell.

Tinea corporis is a fungal infection that affects the body. It is characterized by red, itchy, and circular rashes on the skin. This infection is commonly known as ringworm, although it is not caused by a worm. Tinea corporis can be transmitted through direct contact with an infected person, animals, or contaminated objects. It is important to treat this infection with antifungal medications to prevent its spread and alleviate symptoms.

Desquamation is the process through which skin cells are constantly shed. This natural exfoliation process helps to remove dead or damaged skin cells from the surface, allowing new, healthy cells to take their place. Phagocytosis is the process by which cells engulf and digest foreign particles or debris. Keratinisation refers to the process of cells becoming filled with keratin, a tough protein that helps to protect the skin. Degranulation is the release of granules, often by immune cells, in response to certain stimuli.

The skin does not play a direct role in increasing body temperature through sweating, shivering, or vasodilation. Sweating helps in cooling down the body by evaporating moisture from the skin's surface. Shivering is a response to cold temperatures and helps generate heat through muscle contractions. Vasodilation, the widening of blood vessels, helps in heat dissipation. However, in this question, the correct answer is "None of these" because the skin does not actively increase body temperature through these mechanisms.

An element is the smallest chemical unit of matter because it consists of only one type of atom. Atoms are the building blocks of matter, and they combine to form molecules and compounds. However, elements cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical reactions. Therefore, an element is the most basic and fundamental unit of matter.