Simulated Test

Rationale: Among the options, nasal cannula is the best equipment that can deliver oxygen in a hypoxic client. A nasasl cannula delivers 40 % oxygen and it does not interfere with the client's ability to eat and talk.

Rationale: recent literature suggests that the elderly client is most at risk for tuberculosis.

Rationale: Tagamet (cimitidine) inhibits histamine at the h2 receptor site in the gastric parietal cells, which inhibits gastric acid secretion.

Rationale:Pursed-lip breathing promotes carbon dioxide elimination by enabling the client to control the rate and depth of respiration.

Rationale: the use of intensive spirometer requires complete exhalation followed by slow deep breathing through the mouthpiece of the spirometer.

Rationale: the main role of the nurse when preparing a client for surgery is to provide general information.

Rationale: To assess for bladder distention, the nurse should percuss and palpate the lower abdomen. A distended bladder will produce a dull sound and may feel firm palpated.

hypotension is a common side effect of epidural anesthesia. the nurse should monitor the client's blood status in post-operative period.

Rationale: deep breathing will not decrease client's intraocular pressure.

Rationale: general Anesthesia may tend to cause relaxation of the airway. atelectasis may develop if coughing and deep breathing is not done by the client.

Rationale: the priority for the client with cholecystitis is pain relief or promotion of comfort.

Rationale: Hypoglycemia, a blood sugar level below 50mg/dL, is not expected in a client with pancreatitis In pancreatitis, hyperglcemia occurs.

Rationale: A reading of 35-40 mmHg indicates severe pulmonary edema.

Rationale: After thyroidectomy, bleeding occurs,. The nurse should slip his/ her hands behind the client's neck to assess for bleeding. blood usually pools behind the clients' neck due to gravitational pull.

Rationale: Noemycin, an antibiotic will kill pathogens in the urinary tract.

Rationale: Lethargy or difficulty in arousal indicates accumulation of metabolic waste products in the brain resulting in deterioration of mental function from lethargy, delirium, coma and eventually death.

Stage 1
Stage 1 anaesthesia, also known as the "induction", is the period between the initial administration of the induction agents and loss of consciousness. During this stage, the patient progresses from analgesia without amnesia to analgesia with amnesia. Patients can carry on a conversation at this time.
Stage 2
Stage 2 anaesthesia, also known as the "excitement stage", is the period following loss of consciousness and marked by excited and delirious activity. During this stage, respirations and heart rate may become irregular. In addition, there may be uncontrolled movements, vomiting, breath holding, and pupillary dilation. Since the combination of spastic movements, vomiting, and irregular respirations may lead to airway compromise, rapidly acting drugs are used to minimize time in this stage and reach stage 3 as fast as possible.
Stage 3
Stage 3, "surgical anaesthesia". During this stage, the skeletal muscles relax, and the patient's breathing becomes regular. Eye movements slow, then stop, and surgery can begin. It has been divided into 4 planes:
eyes initially rolling, then becoming fixed
loss of corneal and laryngeal reflexes
pupils dilate and loss of light reflex
intercostal paralysis, shallow abdominal respiration
Stage 4
Stage 4 anaesthesia, also known as "overdose", is the stage where too much medication has been given relative to the amount of surgical stimulation and the patient has severe brain stem or medullary depression. This results in a cessation of respiration and potential cardiovascular collapse. This stage is lethal without cardiovascular and respiratory support.

Rationale: Avoiding sudden inspiratory efforts by exhaling deeply during chest tube removal will prevent pnuemothorax.

Rationale: An insulin pump provides continuous infusion of insulin in the abdomen for 24h. it is suited for busy people.

Rationale: Hemorrhage is one of the most common complication of prostatectomy.