Learn About Shoulder Girdle Movements

The two joints formed by the clavicle are the sternoclavicular joint and the acromioclavicular joint. The sternoclavicular joint is located at the junction of the clavicle and the sternum, while the acromioclavicular joint is located at the junction of the clavicle and the acromion process of the scapula. These joints provide stability and allow for movement of the shoulder and arm.

The levator scapulae muscle is responsible for the elevation of the scapula, which refers to the movement of lifting the shoulder blade upward. This muscle helps in various movements such as shrugging the shoulders, rotating the neck, and tilting the head to the side. It works in conjunction with other muscles to provide stability and support to the shoulder girdle.

Abduction of the shoulder girdle refers to the movement of the shoulder blades away from the midline of the body. This movement is known as protraction. Protraction is the correct answer because it describes the action of moving the shoulder blades forward and away from the spine. Retraction, on the other hand, refers to the movement of the shoulder blades towards the midline of the body, which is the opposite of abduction. Therefore, protraction is the appropriate term to describe the abduction of the shoulder girdle.

The insertion of the rhomboid muscle is located along the medial border of the scapula. This means that the muscle attaches to the inner edge of the scapula, opposite to the lateral border. The rhomboid muscle plays a role in retracting the scapula, bringing it closer to the spine, and also helps in stabilizing the shoulder blade during movements of the upper limb.

Adduction of the shoulder girdle refers to the movement of bringing the shoulders closer to the midline of the body. Retraction specifically refers to the movement of pulling the shoulder blades back towards the spine. Therefore, retraction is the correct answer as it accurately describes the action of adducting the shoulder girdle.

The acromioclavicular joint is classified as an arthrodial joint. Arthrodial joints, also known as gliding joints, allow for smooth gliding or sliding movements between the articulating bones. In the case of the acromioclavicular joint, it is the joint between the acromion process of the scapula and the clavicle. This joint allows for slight movements and stabilization of the shoulder complex.

Medial tilt refers to the inward rotation or tilting of a body part towards the midline of the body. In this case, the correct answer is adduction. Adduction is the movement of a body part towards the midline of the body. When a body part is adducted, it moves closer to the midline, causing medial tilt. Therefore, adduction is the cause of medial tilt.

Lateral tilt refers to the sideways tilting or leaning of the body. Abduction is the movement of a body part away from the midline of the body. When the body is tilted laterally, it means that it is leaning or tilting away from the midline. Therefore, abduction is the correct answer as it causes the lateral tilt of the body.

The serratus anterior muscle originates from the upper 9 ribs. This muscle is located on the side of the chest and attaches to the scapula. Its main function is to stabilize and protract the scapula, allowing for movements such as reaching forward and pushing. The fact that it originates from the upper 9 ribs indicates its attachment point and helps to understand its role in shoulder and arm movements.

Anterior tilt refers to the forward rotation of the pelvis, causing an increased curvature in the lower back. Glenohumeral hyperextension is the correct cause of anterior tilt. This means that the shoulder joint is excessively extended or pushed backward, which can lead to compensatory changes in the pelvic alignment. Glenohumeral hyperflexion, on the other hand, refers to excessive flexion or forward movement of the shoulder joint, which would not directly contribute to anterior tilt. Therefore, the correct answer is Glenohumeral Hyperextension.

The pectoralis minor muscle originates from ribs 3-5. This means that the muscle attaches to these specific ribs, providing stability and support to the shoulder and chest region. The origin of a muscle is an important factor in understanding its function and movement.

The origin of the rhomboid is from the C7-T5 vertebrae. This means that the rhomboid muscle attaches to the spinous processes of these specific vertebrae. The rhomboid muscles are located in the upper back and play a role in retracting and stabilizing the scapula (shoulder blade).

The levator scapulae muscle originates from the cervical vertebrae. It attaches to the transverse processes of the upper cervical vertebrae (C1-C4). This muscle is responsible for elevating and rotating the scapula, helping to stabilize and move the shoulder joint.

The sternoclavicular ligament is a type of joint called arthrodial. This type of joint allows for limited movement in multiple directions, such as gliding or sliding motions. The sternoclavicular ligament connects the sternum and the clavicle, providing stability and support to the joint while allowing for slight movement.

The pectoralis minor is a muscle located in the chest region. Its insertion refers to the point where the muscle attaches to a bone. In this case, the correct answer is "Corocoid Process." The corocoid process is a bony projection on the scapula (shoulder blade) that serves as the insertion point for the pectoralis minor muscle.

Posterior tilt refers to the backward rotation of the pelvis, causing the top of the pelvis to tilt backward. Glenohumeral hyperflexion is the excessive flexion or forward movement of the shoulder joint. The correct answer, Glenohumeral hyperflexion, suggests that excessive flexion or forward movement of the shoulder joint can cause posterior tilt. This means that when the shoulder joint is flexed too much, it can lead to a backward rotation of the pelvis, resulting in posterior tilt.

The insertion of the levator scapulae muscle is the medial border of the scapula. This muscle originates from the transverse processes of the upper cervical vertebrae and attaches to the superior angle and medial border of the scapula. It helps to elevate and rotate the scapula, allowing for movements such as shrugging the shoulders and tilting the head to the side.

The serratus anterior muscle inserts along the anteromedial border of the scapula. This means that the muscle attaches to the front and inner side of the scapula bone. The anteromedial border is the part of the scapula that is closest to the midline of the body and faces towards the front of the body. Therefore, the correct answer is the anteromedial border of the scapula.

The trapezius muscle has two origins, which are the base of the skull and the vertebrae. These origins provide attachment points for the muscle, allowing it to stabilize and move the shoulder girdle. The base of the skull origin is located at the occipital bone, while the vertebrae origin includes the spinous processes of the cervical and thoracic vertebrae. By having these two origins, the trapezius muscle can effectively control movements of the head, neck, and shoulder blades.

The correct answer is Anterior SC Ligament, Posterior SC Ligament, and Interclavicular Ligament. These three ligaments are located at the sternoclavicular joint, which is the joint between the sternum and clavicle. The anterior and posterior SC ligaments provide stability to the joint by connecting the clavicle to the sternum, while the interclavicular ligament connects the two clavicles together. These ligaments help to support the shoulder and allow for movement and rotation of the arm.

The 2 acromioclavicular ligaments mentioned in the question are the Superior AC Ligament and the Inferior AC Ligament. These ligaments are located in the acromioclavicular joint, which connects the acromion process of the scapula to the clavicle. The Superior AC Ligament provides stability to the joint by connecting the acromion to the clavicle on the superior side, while the Inferior AC Ligament connects the acromion to the clavicle on the inferior side. Together, these ligaments help to maintain the proper alignment and function of the acromioclavicular joint.

The Trapezius muscle has two insertions, which are the spine of the scapula and the posterolateral clavicle. These two points of insertion allow the Trapezius muscle to have a wide range of actions, including movement of the scapula and elevation of the shoulder. The spine of the scapula provides a stable attachment point for the muscle, while the posterolateral clavicle allows for additional movement and flexibility.

The correct answer is Trapezoid Ligaments and Conoid Ligament. These two ligaments are part of the coracoclavicular ligament complex, which connects the clavicle to the coracoid process of the scapula. The trapezoid ligament is located more laterally and the conoid ligament is located more medially. Together, they provide stability and support to the acromioclavicular joint, preventing excessive upward displacement of the clavicle.

The pectoralis minor muscle is responsible for multiple movements in the shoulder girdle. Abduction refers to moving the arm away from the midline of the body, which involves the pectoralis minor pulling the scapula downwards. Depression refers to lowering the shoulder girdle, which is also achieved by the pectoralis minor contracting. Downward rotation involves the scapula rotating downwards, and the pectoralis minor contributes to this movement as well. Therefore, the correct answer is Abduction, Depression, and Downward Rotation.

The rhomboids are muscles located in the upper back that connect the shoulder blades to the spine. They play a role in shoulder movement and stability. Slight elevation refers to the movement of raising the shoulder blades slightly upward. Downwards rotation refers to the movement of rotating the shoulder blades downward. Adduction refers to the movement of bringing the shoulder blades closer together. These three movements are created by the rhomboids to help with various shoulder motions and maintain proper posture.

The middle fibers of the trapezius are responsible for upward rotation of the scapula, elevation of the scapula, and adduction of the scapula. Upward rotation of the scapula refers to the movement of the scapula rotating upwards and away from the spine. Elevation of the scapula refers to the movement of the scapula moving upward towards the ears. Adduction of the scapula refers to the movement of the scapula moving closer to the spine. These three movements are controlled by the middle fibers of the trapezius muscle.

The lower fibers of the trapezius are responsible for depression of the scapula, upward rotation of the scapula, and adduction of the scapula. Depression of the scapula refers to the downward movement of the shoulder blade, while upward rotation of the scapula involves the shoulder blade rotating upward and away from the spine. Adduction of the scapula refers to the movement of the shoulder blade toward the midline of the body. These three movements are all controlled by the lower fibers of the trapezius muscle.

The serratus anterior muscle is responsible for two movements: adduction and slight upwards rotation. Adduction refers to the movement of bringing a body part closer to the midline of the body, while slight upwards rotation refers to the movement of rotating a body part in an upward direction. Therefore, the correct answer is adduction and slight upwards rotation.

The upper fibers of the trapezius muscle are responsible for the extension of the head, rotation of the head, and elevation of the scapula. These movements involve the upper portion of the trapezius muscle contracting and pulling on the head and scapula to produce these actions. Extension of the head refers to moving the head backward, rotation of the head refers to turning the head to the side, and elevation of the scapula refers to lifting the shoulder blades upward. These movements are important for various activities such as looking up, turning the head, and shrugging the shoulders.