Science 6: Cells And Heredity

The statement "All living things have chloroplast" is not part of the cell theory. The cell theory states that all living things are made of one or more cells, cells are the basic units of living things, and all cells come from existing cells. However, not all living things have chloroplasts. Chloroplasts are only found in plant cells and some algae cells, not in all living organisms.

Mitosis is the process of cell division in which a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells. It is a crucial process for growth, repair, and maintenance of multicellular organisms. During mitosis, the cell undergoes several stages, including prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase, which result in the formation of two genetically identical daughter cells. Mitosis is responsible for the growth and development of organisms, as well as the replacement of damaged or old cells.

The part of plant cells that make its own food is called chloroplast. Chloroplasts are organelles found in the cells of plants and algae, and they are responsible for photosynthesis, the process through which plants convert sunlight into energy-rich molecules such as glucose. Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, a pigment that captures light energy, and other enzymes necessary for photosynthesis to occur. This process allows plants to produce their own food and is essential for their survival.

Plants have a cell wall to provide structural support to their cells, which is not present in animals. The cell wall is a rigid layer made up of cellulose that surrounds the cell membrane in plant cells. It helps maintain the shape and integrity of the cell, preventing it from collapsing under its own weight. In contrast, animal cells do not have a cell wall and rely on other structures, such as the cytoskeleton, for support.

Organelles are structures within cells that carry out specific functions. They are like tiny organs within a cell, each with its own specialized role. Examples of organelles include the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus. These structures work together to ensure the proper functioning of the cell and are essential for its survival and overall health.

Born in 1635, Hooke made a simple microscope to examine a layer of cork.

Ribosomes are the part of the cells that make proteins. They are responsible for protein synthesis, which is a crucial process in all living organisms. Ribosomes can be found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, and they are composed of RNA and proteins. They read the genetic information stored in DNA and use it to assemble amino acids into proteins. Without ribosomes, cells would not be able to produce the proteins necessary for their structure, function, and regulation. Therefore, ribosomes are essential for the proper functioning of cells.

Asexual reproduction is the correct answer because it is the process in which offspring are produced from a single parent without the involvement of gametes or fertilization. This type of reproduction is common among many organisms, such as bacteria, fungi, and plants, where offspring are genetically identical or very similar to the parent. In contrast, sexual reproduction involves the fusion of gametes from two parents, resulting in offspring with a combination of genetic material from both parents.

Heredity is the passing of traits from parents to their offspring or children. It involves the transmission of genetic information, such as DNA, from one generation to the next. Through heredity, characteristics such as eye color, height, and certain diseases can be inherited from parents. This process is essential for the continuity of species and is responsible for the similarities and differences observed among individuals within a population.

Mitochondria are the organelles responsible for converting the chemical energy from food into a usable form for the cell. They are often referred to as the "powerhouses" of the cell because they produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the main energy source for cellular processes. The cell membrane is responsible for controlling the movement of substances in and out of the cell, the endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein synthesis and lipid metabolism, and the cytoplasm is the fluid that fills the cell. However, none of these organelles are directly responsible for converting the chemical energy of food into usable energy.