Science 10 Plate Tectonics

Alfred Wegner is the correct answer because he was the scientist who proposed the theory of continental drift in the early 20th century. He suggested that the continents were once joined together in a single landmass called Pangaea and have since drifted apart. This theory revolutionized the field of geology and laid the foundation for the modern understanding of plate tectonics. Wegner's work was initially met with skepticism but has since been widely accepted and supported by geological evidence.

Rotation is not a type of tectonic plate boundary. Tectonic plate boundaries refer to the areas where different plates of the Earth's crust interact and move. Convergent boundaries occur when two plates collide, divergent boundaries occur when two plates move apart, and transform boundaries occur when two plates slide past each other horizontally. However, rotation does not describe the movement or interaction between tectonic plates.

Pangea because paleogalaciation isnt a place and Andromeda is a galaxy thats close to school

The continental drift theory was supported by multiple pieces of evidence. Paleoglaciation provided evidence of ancient glaciers in areas that are now separated by large bodies of water, suggesting that these landmasses were once connected. Fossils found on different continents were similar, indicating that these landmasses were once joined and allowed for the migration of species. Magnetic reversal was also used as evidence, as the alignment of magnetic minerals in rocks on either side of the ocean floor indicated that the continents had moved over time. Therefore, all of the above options provided support for the continental drift theory.

Composite volcanoes are found all around the Ring of Fire. The Ring of Fire is a major area in the basin of the Pacific Ocean where a large number of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur. It is a result of plate tectonics and the movement and collision of lithospheric plates. Composite volcanoes, also known as stratovolcanoes, are formed when magma with high viscosity and gas content erupts explosively. These types of volcanoes are commonly found in subduction zones, which are prevalent along the Ring of Fire. Therefore, the correct answer is "All around the Ring of Fire."

The lithosphere is located on top of the asthenosphere. The lithosphere is the rigid outer layer of the Earth, consisting of the crust and the uppermost part of the mantle. It is divided into several tectonic plates that float and move on the semi-fluid asthenosphere beneath it. The asthenosphere is a partially molten layer of the mantle that allows the tectonic plates to move and interact with each other. Therefore, the lithosphere rests on top of the asthenosphere.

The Hawaiian Islands formed by the Pacific Plate being pulled over a hotspot. A hotspot is a stationary area of intense volcanic activity beneath the Earth's surface. As the Pacific Plate moved over the hotspot, a chain of volcanoes formed, with each volcano becoming inactive as it moved away from the hotspot and a new one forming in its place. This process repeated over millions of years, resulting in the formation of the Hawaiian Islands.

Convection currents happen in the asthenosphere. The asthenosphere is a layer of the Earth's mantle beneath the lithosphere. It is semi-fluid and consists of hot, partially molten rock. Convection currents occur when heat from the Earth's core causes the asthenosphere to become less dense and rise, while cooler, denser material sinks. This movement of material creates a circular motion known as convection currents. These currents play a crucial role in plate tectonics, as they cause the movement of the Earth's tectonic plates.

Mid ocean ridges are higher than the rest of the ocean floor because the plates in the Earth's crust are constantly moving apart at these locations. This movement causes magma to rise from the mantle and fill the gap, creating new crust. As the magma cools and solidifies, it forms a mountain range on the ocean floor, known as a mid ocean ridge. This process of plate divergence and magma upwelling is responsible for the elevated height of mid ocean ridges compared to the surrounding ocean floor.

Subduction zones are the correct answer because these are areas where one tectonic plate is being forced beneath another, creating intense pressure and friction. This results in the release of a significant amount of energy, leading to powerful earthquakes. These zones are typically found around the Pacific Ring of Fire, where several tectonic plates converge, making it a hotspot for seismic activity.

A subduction zone is a region where one tectonic plate is forced beneath another plate, leading to the destruction of the subducted plate and the formation of volcanoes. This process occurs when two plates collide, and the denser plate is pushed beneath the less dense plate. As the subducted plate sinks into the mantle, it begins to melt, causing magma to rise to the surface and form volcanoes. Therefore, a subduction zone is the correct answer for a region where plate material is destroyed and volcanoes form.

Hotspots are a source of mantle plumes that aren't associated with plate boundaries. These are areas of intense volcanic activity where magma rises from deep within the Earth's mantle, creating a hotspot of volcanic activity on the surface. Hotspots are thought to be caused by a localized upwelling of abnormally hot rock in the mantle, which can melt and rise to the surface. They can occur in the middle of tectonic plates, far away from any plate boundaries, and can create volcanic features such as chains of islands or seamounts.

When diverging plates move apart, magma from the mantle rises up to fill the gap. This magma then cools and solidifies, creating new seafloor. This process is known as a spreading ridge, where new crust is formed and pushes the existing crust apart.

Iceland is getting bigger because it is located on either side of a spreading ridge. A spreading ridge is a geological feature where two tectonic plates are moving away from each other, causing magma to rise up and create new crust. This process, known as seafloor spreading, results in the expansion of the ocean floor and the formation of new land. As Iceland is situated on top of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, which is a spreading ridge, the volcanic activity and continuous addition of new material from the mantle contribute to its growth.

Most earthquakes are too small in magnitude or occur in remote areas where there are no human populations or structures to feel or observe the seismic activity.

Composite volcanoes, also known as stratovolcanoes, are characterized by their steep slopes and explosive eruptions. These eruptions alternate between explosive and effusive phases. During the explosive phase, the volcano releases a mixture of gas, ash, and pyroclastic material, resulting in a violent eruption. In the effusive phase, the volcano releases lava flows that slowly move down the slopes. This alternating pattern of eruptions is a defining characteristic of composite volcanoes.

Rift eruptions occur at spreading ridges. Spreading ridges are areas where tectonic plates are moving apart, creating a gap or rift. Magma from the mantle rises to fill this gap, leading to volcanic activity and the formation of new crust. This process is known as seafloor spreading and is responsible for the creation of new oceanic crust. As the magma erupts and cools, it forms underwater volcanoes and lava flows, contributing to the growth of the spreading ridge.

Deep sea trenches occur at oceanic and continental converging boundaries, where the denser oceanic plate is subducted beneath the less dense continental plate. They also occur at oceanic and oceanic converging boundaries, where one oceanic plate is subducted beneath another. In both cases, the subduction of one plate beneath another creates a deep trench in the ocean floor.

Liquification refers to the process of turning a substance from a solid state into a liquid state. The answer provided, "When sea level is lowered," does not accurately describe liquification. Lowering of sea level does not involve the transformation of a substance from a solid to a liquid, but rather a change in the water level. Therefore, this answer is incorrect.

Shallow focus earthquakes typically occur at spreading ridges and transform faults. Spreading ridges are areas where tectonic plates are moving apart, allowing magma to rise and create new crust. This process can generate earthquakes with shallow focal depths. Transform faults, on the other hand, are areas where tectonic plates slide past each other horizontally. The friction and stress along these faults can also lead to shallow focus earthquakes. Mantle plumes and rifts are not typically associated with shallow focus earthquakes, making them incorrect choices.

Mid ocean ridges are underwater mountain ranges that form at the boundaries of tectonic plates. They mark boundaries on the ocean floor where new crust is being created as plates move apart. Rift valleys, on the other hand, are deep depressions that occur at the boundaries of tectonic plates on land. They mark boundaries on the continents where the crust is being pulled apart. Therefore, mid ocean ridges mark boundaries on the ocean floor, while rift valleys mark boundaries on the continents.