Neurological Physical Therapy MCQs Quiz

The precentral gyrus is known as the primary motor cortex for voluntary movement. This region of the brain is responsible for planning, executing, and controlling voluntary movements of the body. It receives information from other areas of the brain and sends signals to the muscles to initiate specific movements. This role in motor control makes the precentral gyrus an essential part of the brain's motor system.

The patient should be rated in the "Confusional state" stage of recovery from diffuse axonal injury. This stage is characterized by difficulty with attention, inability to form new memories, and hyperarousal. The patient is not in a minimally responsive state as they are able to respond, albeit with confusion. They are also not in the stage of emerging independence or intellectual/social competence, as they are still experiencing cognitive impairments.

The lateral spinothalamic pathway is responsible for transmitting information related to pain and temperature sensations. This pathway carries signals from the spinal cord to the thalamus, which then relays the information to the somatosensory cortex in the brain. The other options listed are not specifically involved in processing pain and temperature sensations.

The most likely cause of the patient's loss of consciousness is a classic concussion. This type of injury can result in retrograde amnesia and posttraumatic amnesia, meaning that the patient may or may not remember events leading up to the injury and may have difficulty forming new memories after the injury.

Hypoxic-ischemia injury is not considered a primary brain injury because it occurs as a result of secondary processes following a primary brain injury. It involves a decrease in oxygen supply and blood flow to the brain, leading to cellular damage and dysfunction. In contrast, diffuse axonal injury, focal injury, and coup-contrecoup injury are all examples of primary brain injuries that directly result from the initial trauma to the brain.

The answer "Discuss with the patient the change in vital capacity, as the pt at first will initially only have 30% of what she had before, but with hard work, she will be able to return to 90-100%" is not a correct response to the patient's question because it provides inaccurate information. In reality, individuals with a complete spinal cord injury at the C7 level will have a vital capacity of around 50-60% of what they had before the injury, not 30%. While respiratory function can improve with rehabilitation, it is unlikely that the patient will be able to return to 90-100% of their pre-injury capacity.

The correct answer is that the Temporal Lobe controls language comprehension. This region of the brain is responsible for processing auditory information and understanding spoken language. It is involved in recognizing and interpreting words, sentences, and the meaning of language. Damage to the Wernicke's area in the Temporal Lobe can result in difficulties understanding and producing coherent speech, a condition known as Wernicke's aphasia.

Contralateral sensory loss legs more affected than arms is not commonly presented with damage to the middle cerebral artery. Damage to the middle cerebral artery typically causes contralateral hemiparesis, where the arms are more affected than the legs, as well as symptoms such as sensory ataxia, homonymous hemianopsia, and global aphasia.

The correct answer is to promote and emphasize safety and behavioral management techniques in a structured, low stimulating environment. This is the best treatment option for a patient who is a level V on the Rancho Los Amigos Level of Cognitive Function scale. At this level, the patient is in a confused-inappropriate state and requires a controlled and structured environment to ensure their safety and manage their behavior. This approach will help the patient gradually regain cognitive function and prevent any further complications or injuries.

The highest spinal cord injury level that a patient could be in order to participate in a wheelchair sport is T1-T5. This means that the injury is located in the thoracic region of the spine, specifically between the first and fifth thoracic vertebrae. Injuries at this level typically result in paraplegia, which affects the lower limbs but allows for good upper body function. This level of injury allows individuals to have sufficient upper body strength and control to participate in wheelchair sports.