Lung And Respiratory System Quiz For Kids

A spirometer is a device used to measure lung volumes and capacities. It is used to measure tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, and expiratory reserve volume. However, the residual volume, which is the volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximal exhalation, cannot be directly measured using a spirometer. It can only be estimated using other techniques such as gas dilution or body plethysmography. Therefore, the residual volume is not measured by a spirometer.

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The most important factor that determines oxygen binding to hemoglobin is the presence of oxygen itself. Hemoglobin has a high affinity for oxygen, meaning it readily binds to oxygen molecules when they are present in the surrounding environment. When oxygen is bound to hemoglobin, it forms oxyhemoglobin, which can then be transported throughout the body to deliver oxygen to tissues and organs. Therefore, the presence of oxygen is crucial for the binding of oxygen to hemoglobin and subsequent oxygen transport in the body.

Only 1.5% is dissolved freely in plasma, the rest is bound to hemoglobin for transport

The statement is true because anatomical dead space refers to the areas in the respiratory system that are involved in conducting air but not in gas exchange. This includes the nasal passages, trachea, and bronchi. These areas serve the purpose of warming, humidifying, and filtering the air before it reaches the alveoli where gas exchange occurs. Therefore, the anatomical dead space does not participate in the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and blood.

Anemic hypoxia is the correct classification for oxygen deficiency caused by bleeding. Anemia refers to a decrease in the number of red blood cells or a decrease in their ability to carry oxygen. Bleeding can lead to a decrease in the number of red blood cells, resulting in a reduced oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. This leads to a deficiency of oxygen in the tissues, which is known as anemic hypoxia.

The conducting zone does not contain alveoli and exchange of gases occurs in the alveolar sacs

During unforced expiration, the alveolar pressure, which is the pressure inside the alveoli (air sacs in the lungs), is equal to atmospheric pressure. This means that there is no pressure difference between the alveoli and the outside air, resulting in no airflow.

When the volume of a container, such as the lungs, is increased, there is more space for the molecules of gas to move around. This means that the molecules collide with the container walls less frequently, resulting in a decrease in the pressure inside the container. Therefore, the correct answer is "Pressure is decreased."

CO2 is more soluble in water than O2 and N2 because it forms weak chemical bonds with water molecules, resulting in the formation of carbonic acid. This makes CO2 highly soluble in water. On the other hand, O2 and N2 do not have the ability to form such bonds with water molecules, making them less soluble in water. Therefore, the statement is true.

Could have been metabolic alkalosis if the CO2 level wasnt decreased

Works in fractions of a second. Buffer systems can be subdivided into - protein buffer system, carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system, and phosphate buffer system.

Both FEV1 and FVC are reduced and so the ration between them stays the same. In an obstructive disease FEV1 is reduced more than FVC and so the tiffeneau index will be

Beta 2 adrenergic is sympathetic and causes dilation of the airways. All the others are parasympathetic and cause constriction. Histamine is not an autonomic receptor but still causes constriction.

Acidosis refers to a condition where the blood pH falls below the normal range, which is typically between 7.35 and 7.45. When blood pH is below 7.35, it is considered acidic, and this acidic environment can lead to depression of the central nervous system. This means that the normal functioning of the nervous system may be impaired, resulting in symptoms such as lethargy, confusion, and decreased mental alertness.

FEV1/FVC is

Surfactant is a substance that decreases surface tension. It is produced by type 2 pneumocytes.

Bronchioles dilate when CO2 is high, not 02.

Minute ventilation = Tidal volume x breaths/min......
Alverolar ventilation = (Tidal volume - Dead space) x breaths/minute

Orthopnea is dyspnea while laying down

Internal respiration is accomplished by the circulatory system, not the respiratory system.

alveolar sacs are part of the respiratory zone but they are not the level at which it begins. The other two are not part of the respiratory zone

All the others will decrease oxygen binding to hemoglobin (resulting in an increase in oxygen release from hemoglobin..which is whats needed in each case)

Hyperventilation refers to a ventilation rate that is higher than necessary for the body's metabolic demands. This excessive breathing can lead to a decrease in carbon dioxide levels in the blood, causing respiratory alkalosis. When carbon dioxide levels drop, the pH of the blood increases, resulting in metabolic alkalosis. Therefore, the statement "is called hyperventilation, would result in metabolic alkalosis" accurately describes the relationship between hyperventilation and the resulting metabolic condition.

Peripheral chemoreceptors detect changes in pO2, central do not

IRV and ERV are part of it but VC takes both of these into account as well as the Tidal volume, which is also present in a maximal inhalation and exhalation.

The correct answer choices for outward forces for filtration are negative interstitial pressure (hydrostatic), interstitial osmotic pressure (oncotic), and pulmonary capillary pressure (hydrostatic). Negative interstitial pressure pushes fluid out of the capillaries and into the interstitial space. Interstitial osmotic pressure attracts fluid out of the capillaries due to the difference in solute concentration. Pulmonary capillary pressure, similar to hydrostatic pressure, pushes fluid out of the capillaries and into the surrounding tissues. These three forces combined contribute to the filtration process.