Anatomy Of Respiratory System
The primary organs of the respiratory system are the lungs, which function to take in oxygen and expel carbon dioxide as we breathe. The lungs and respiratory system perform the gas exchange process. Take the quiz below and see how well you understand this system. All the best as you attempt.
Questions and Answers
- 1.
This part of the framework that includes vertebrae, sacrum and coccyx
Explanation
The part of the framework that includes vertebrae, sacrum, and coccyx is called the vertebral column. The vertebral column, also known as the spine or spinal column, is a series of bones that extends from the skull to the pelvis. It provides support and protection for the spinal cord and allows for movement and flexibility. The vertebrae are the individual bones that make up the vertebral column, while the sacrum and coccyx are the fused bones at the base of the spine. Together, these structures form the vertebral column.Rate this question:
- 2.
Anterior attachment for ribs 1-10, manubrium, body, and xiphoid process
Explanation
The sternum is a flat bone located in the center of the chest. It consists of three parts: the manubrium, body, and xiphoid process. The manubrium is the uppermost part of the sternum, followed by the body in the middle, and the xiphoid process at the bottom. The sternum serves as the anterior attachment for ribs 1-10, meaning that these ribs connect to the sternum at their front end. Therefore, the sternum is the correct answer as it corresponds to the given description.Rate this question:
- 3.
Another name for rib cage
Explanation
The thoracic cavity is another name for the rib cage. It is the space within the chest that is enclosed by the ribs and contains vital organs such as the heart and lungs. The rib cage provides protection to these organs and helps in maintaining their position. Therefore, the thoracic cavity accurately describes the anatomical structure commonly known as the rib cage.Rate this question:
- 4.
Part of the framework that includes coxal bones, sacrum, illium, ischium, and pubic bone
Explanation
The correct answer is "pelvic girdle". The pelvic girdle is a part of the framework that includes the coxal bones, sacrum, ilium, ischium, and pubic bone. It forms a ring-like structure in the lower part of the torso and provides support and stability to the spine and lower limbs. The pelvic girdle also serves as an attachment point for various muscles and ligaments.Rate this question:
- 5.
Largest part of the coxal bones, fan shaped, articulates with the sacrum at the sacroiliac joint
Explanation
The ilium is the largest part of the coxal bones, and it is fan-shaped. It articulates with the sacrum at the sacroiliac joint.Rate this question:
- 6.
Inferior portion of the coxal bone "the sit bones"
Explanation
The inferior portion of the coxal bone, also known as the "sit bones," is called the ischium. The ischium is one of the three bones that make up the coxal bone, along with the ilium and pubis. It is located at the lower and posterior part of the pelvis and provides support when sitting.Rate this question:
- 7.
Anterior projection, joint at midline connecting right and left parts
Explanation
The pubic bone is the correct answer because it is an anterior projection that connects the right and left parts of the joint at the midline. The pubic bone is located in the pelvic area and forms part of the pelvis. It is commonly referred to as the "pubic symphysis" and plays a crucial role in stabilizing the pelvis during movement and supporting the weight of the upper body.Rate this question:
- 8.
Where the head of the femur fits in
Explanation
The head of the femur fits into the acetabulum. The acetabulum is a cup-shaped socket located in the pelvis bone. It forms the hip joint along with the head of the femur. This arrangement allows for smooth movement and stability of the hip joint.Rate this question:
- 9.
Most posterior part of the pelvic girdle where bone grafts and marrow transplants are often taken
Explanation
The iliac crest is the most posterior part of the pelvic girdle and is commonly used for bone grafts and marrow transplants. It is a thick, ridge-like structure located at the top of the hip bone. Due to its strong and accessible nature, the iliac crest is often chosen as a donor site for these procedures.Rate this question:
- 10.
Amount of air inhaled or exhaled during one respiratory cycle
Explanation
Tidal volume refers to the amount of air that is inhaled or exhaled during one complete respiratory cycle. It represents the normal, resting breathing pattern and is typically measured in milliliters. Tidal volume plays a crucial role in maintaining adequate oxygen supply and removing carbon dioxide from the body. It is an important parameter to assess lung function and can be affected by factors such as age, physical activity, and certain medical conditions.Rate this question:
- 11.
Amount you can forcibly inhale
Explanation
The inspiratory reserve volume refers to the amount of air that can be forcibly inhaled after a normal inhalation. It is the additional volume of air that can be inhaled beyond the tidal volume. This extra volume allows for increased oxygen intake during times of increased physical activity or when the body needs more oxygen.Rate this question:
- 12.
Maximum amount you can exhale
Explanation
The expiratory reserve volume refers to the maximum amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal exhalation. It represents the additional air that can be expelled from the lungs beyond the normal tidal volume. This volume is important for activities such as coughing, sneezing, and exercising, as it allows for a greater expulsion of air to clear the airways or meet increased oxygen demands. Therefore, the expiratory reserve volume is the correct answer to the question regarding the maximum amount one can exhale.Rate this question:
- 13.
How much air is in the lungs after maximum exhale
Explanation
The residual volume refers to the amount of air that remains in the lungs after a maximum exhale. This volume cannot be completely expelled from the lungs and is necessary to keep the lungs inflated and prevent them from collapsing. It represents the minimum amount of air that is always present in the lungs, even when we exhale as much as possible.Rate this question:
- 14.
Amount of air that can be inhaled from exhalation (tidal volume + inspiratory reserve)
Explanation
The given answer, inspiratory capacity, refers to the maximum amount of air that can be inhaled after a normal exhalation. It is calculated by adding the tidal volume (the amount of air inhaled and exhaled during normal breathing) to the inspiratory reserve (the additional amount of air that can be inhaled after a normal inhalation). Therefore, the given answer accurately represents the amount of air that can be inhaled from exhalation.Rate this question:
- 15.
How much air that can be forcibly exhaled after maximum inhalation
Explanation
Vital capacity refers to the maximum amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after taking a deep breath. It is a measure of lung function and represents the total volume of air that can be moved in and out of the lungs. This measurement is important in assessing respiratory health and can be used to diagnose conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or restrictive lung diseases. By determining the vital capacity, healthcare professionals can evaluate lung capacity and identify any abnormalities or limitations in respiratory function.Rate this question:
- 16.
Volume of air in lungs and airways at resting expiratory levels
Explanation
The functional residual capacity refers to the volume of air that remains in the lungs and airways after a normal exhalation at resting expiratory levels. It represents the equilibrium point between the inward elastic recoil of the lungs and the outward recoil of the chest wall. This volume is important as it allows for efficient gas exchange during normal breathing and helps maintain lung function.Rate this question:
- 17.
Total amount of air in the lungs and passageways after maximum inhalation
Explanation
Total lung capacity refers to the maximum amount of air that can be held in the lungs and airways after a maximum inhalation. It represents the sum of all the lung volumes, including tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume, and residual volume. This measurement is important in assessing lung function and respiratory health.Rate this question:
- 18.
What part of the diaphragm is inferior and posterior to the xiphiod process and inserts into the central tendon?
Explanation
The sternal portion of the diaphragm is located inferior and posterior to the xiphoid process. It inserts into the central tendon, which is a thick, fibrous structure located in the center of the diaphragm. This portion of the diaphragm plays a crucial role in the process of respiration by contracting and relaxing to control the volume of the thoracic cavity.Rate this question:
- 19.
What part of the diaphragm is located on the lower border and inferior surface of ribs 7-12 and inserts into the central tendon?
Explanation
The costal portion of the diaphragm is located on the lower border and inferior surface of ribs 7-12 and inserts into the central tendon. This portion of the diaphragm plays a crucial role in the process of respiration by contracting and flattening when we inhale, thus creating more space for the lungs to expand and allowing air to enter.Rate this question:
- 20.
What part of the diaphragm's origin is the upper lumbar vertebra by two large muscular pillars (crura)?
Explanation
The vertebral portion of the diaphragm's origin refers to the part of the diaphragm that attaches to the upper lumbar vertebrae through two large muscular pillars called crura. This portion plays a crucial role in supporting and stabilizing the diaphragm, which is a dome-shaped muscle that separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity and aids in the process of breathing.Rate this question:
- 21.
What major muscles of inhalation originate at the lower border of the superior rib and insert into the upper border of the lower ribs? function: lifts ribcage upward and outward, expands ribcage in the anterior-posterior dimension
Explanation
The external intercostals are the major muscles of inhalation that originate at the lower border of the superior rib and insert into the upper border of the lower ribs. These muscles function by lifting the ribcage upward and outward, which helps to expand the ribcage in the anterior-posterior dimension.Rate this question:
- 22.
What accessory muscle of inhalation? origin: C7 & T1-T11 insertion: posterior surface of rib below or two ribs below function: elevates attached ribs
Explanation
The correct answer is costal elevators, levatores costarum. These muscles, originating from the C7 and T1-T11 vertebrae, insert on the posterior surface of the rib below or two ribs below. Their main function is to elevate the attached ribs during inhalation.Rate this question:
- 23.
What accessory muscle of inhalation? origin: C7, T1-T3 insertion: ribs 2-5 near angle function: elevate ribs 2-5
Explanation
The serratus posterior superior is the correct answer because it originates from the C7 and T1-T3 vertebrae and inserts into the ribs 2-5 near the angle. Its function is to elevate ribs 2-5 during inhalation.Rate this question:
- 24.
What accessory muscle of inhalation? origin: humerus of upper arm insertion: upper costal cartilages, sternum, and clavicle function: rotates arm ---> draws sternum and ribs up with shoulder fixed
Explanation
The pectoralis major is the correct answer because it is an accessory muscle of inhalation that originates from the humerus of the upper arm and inserts into the upper costal cartilages, sternum, and clavicle. Its function is to rotate the arm and draw the sternum and ribs up with the shoulder fixed.Rate this question:
- 25.
What accessory muscle of inhalation? origin: anterior surface of scapula insertion: anterior, medial portion of ribs 3-5 function: extends shoulder ----> lifts ribs 3-5 with scapula fixed
Explanation
The pectoralis minor is the correct answer because it is an accessory muscle of inhalation. It originates from the anterior surface of the scapula and inserts into the anterior, medial portion of ribs 3-5. Its function is to extend the shoulder, which in turn lifts the ribs 3-5 with the scapula fixed.Rate this question:
- 26.
What accessory muscle of inhalation? origin: underside of clavicle near scapula insertion: junction of rib 1 and its cartilage function: may lift rib 1 is calvicle is stabilized
Explanation
The correct answer is subclavius. The subclavius muscle is an accessory muscle of inhalation that originates from the underside of the clavicle near the scapula and inserts at the junction of rib 1 and its cartilage. Its function is to lift rib 1 if the clavicle is stabilized.Rate this question:
- 27.
What accessory muscle of inhalation? origin: anterior surface of scapula insertion: ribs 1-8 or 9 near costal cartilages function: with scapula fixed, elevates ribs 8-9
Explanation
The serratus anterior muscle is the accessory muscle of inhalation that originates from the anterior surface of the scapula and inserts into the ribs 1-8 or 9 near the costal cartilages. Its function is to elevate ribs 8-9 when the scapula is fixed.Rate this question:
- 28.
What accessory muscle of inhalation? origin: bony skull, behind ear at mastoid process insertion: superior surface of clavicle and sternum function: with head stabilized, elevates sternum and ribs OR with ribs fixed, flexes head toward the chest
Explanation
The sternocleidomastoid muscle is the correct answer. It originates from the bony skull behind the ear at the mastoid process and inserts into the superior surface of the clavicle and sternum. Its function is to elevate the sternum and ribs when the head is stabilized or flex the head toward the chest when the ribs are fixed.Rate this question:
- 29.
What accessory muscle of inhalation? origin: transverse process of C2-C7 insertion: ribs 1 and 2 function: raises first two ribs neck movement/neck support
Explanation
The correct answer is scalenes. The scalene muscles are accessory muscles of inhalation. They originate from the transverse processes of C2-C7 and insert onto the first and second ribs. Their main function is to raise the first two ribs during inhalation. While they are primarily involved in neck movement and neck support, they also play a role in aiding with inhalation.Rate this question:
- 30.
Major muscles of exhalation that: 1. decreases abdominal contents and draw ribs downward 2. decrease the size of the thoracic cavity and increase intrathoracic pressure, forcing air out
Explanation
The major muscles of exhalation, specifically the abdominals, play a crucial role in the process of breathing out. These muscles work by decreasing the abdominal contents and drawing the ribs downward, which helps to compress the lungs and push air out of the respiratory system. Additionally, the contraction of the abdominals also decreases the size of the thoracic cavity and increases intrathoracic pressure. This increased pressure forces the air out of the lungs, resulting in exhalation.Rate this question:
- 31.
Major muscle of exhalation origin: front edge of the pubic bone insertion: cartilages of ribs 5-7 and the xiphoid process is almost completely enclosed in aponeurosis
Explanation
The rectus abdominis is the major muscle of exhalation and is responsible for flexing the lumbar spine. It originates from the front edge of the pubic bone and inserts into the cartilages of ribs 5-7 and the xiphoid process. This muscle is almost completely enclosed in aponeurosis, which is a tough sheet of connective tissue that helps to provide support and stability to the muscle.Rate this question:
- 32.
Major muscle of exhalation origin: iliac crest and aponeurosis insertion: ribs 5-12 largest, strongest and most superficial
Explanation
The external obliques are the major muscles of exhalation, responsible for forcefully expelling air out of the lungs. They originate from the iliac crest and aponeurosis and insert into the ribs 5-12. These muscles are the largest, strongest, and most superficial among the oblique muscles, making them highly involved in movements such as bending sideways, rotating the trunk, and compressing the abdominal contents.Rate this question:
- 33.
Major muscle of exhalation origin: anterior half of the iliac crest and inguinal ligament insertion: abdominal aponeurosis and inferior border of lower costal cartilages middle layer of abdominal musculature: lies deep to the external obliques
Explanation
The internal obliques are the major muscles responsible for exhalation. They originate from the anterior half of the iliac crest and the inguinal ligament, and they insert into the abdominal aponeurosis and the inferior border of the lower costal cartilages. They are part of the middle layer of abdominal musculature and lie deep to the external obliques.Rate this question:
- 34.
Major muscle of exhalation origin: lower 7 ribs and superior surface of coxal bone insertion: abdominal aponeurosis deepest abdominal muscle
Explanation
The transverse abdominis is considered the major muscle of exhalation because it plays a crucial role in compressing the abdominal contents during forced expiration. Its origin from the lower 7 ribs and the superior surface of the coxal bone, and its insertion into the abdominal aponeurosis, allows it to contract and create tension in the abdominal wall. This contraction helps to increase intra-abdominal pressure, which aids in the expulsion of air from the lungs during exhalation. The transverse abdominis is also the deepest abdominal muscle, making it an important stabilizer of the spine and core.Rate this question:
- 35.
Accessory muscle of exhalation origin: inner surface of ribs close to the vertebral column insertion: innersurface of 1 and 2 ribs above function: depress ribs
Explanation
The subcostal muscles are the accessory muscles of exhalation. They originate from the inner surface of the ribs close to the vertebral column and insert into the inner surface of the 1st and 2nd ribs above. Their main function is to depress the ribs, aiding in the process of exhalation.Rate this question:
- 36.
Accessory muscle of exhalation origin: superior border of each rib insertion: lower border of rib above function: depress ribs
Explanation
The internal intercostals are muscles located between the ribs. They originate from the superior border of each rib and insert into the lower border of the rib above. Their main function is to depress the ribs during exhalation. These muscles work in opposition to the external intercostals, which elevate the ribs during inhalation. The internal intercostals play an important role in the mechanics of breathing, helping to decrease the volume of the thoracic cavity and expel air from the lungs during exhalation.Rate this question:
- 37.
Accessory muscle of exhalation origin: inner surface of sternum and costal cartilages 5-7 insertion: inner surface of ribs 2-6 function depress ribs on inner surface of thoracic wall
Explanation
The correct answer is "transverse thoracic" and "triangular sterni". These are the two accessory muscles of exhalation that originate from the inner surface of the sternum and costal cartilages 5-7 and insert into the inner surface of ribs 2-6. Their function is to depress the ribs, aiding in the exhalation process.Rate this question:
- 38.
Accessory muscle of exhalation origin: T11, T12, and L1-3 insertion: lower border of ribs 8-12, just beyond the angle function: depress lower ribs
Explanation
The correct answer is serratus posterior inferior. The serratus posterior inferior muscle originates from the T11, T12, and L1-3 vertebrae and inserts into the lower border of ribs 8-12, just beyond the angle. Its main function is to depress the lower ribs.Rate this question:
- 39.
Accessory muscle of exhalation origin: iliac crest and inguinal ligament insertion: transverse process of L1-4 and lower border or rib 12 function: depress last rib flat sheet of muscle onthe dorsal side of the abdominal wall
Explanation
The quadratus lumborum is a flat sheet of muscle located on the dorsal side of the abdominal wall. It originates from the iliac crest and inguinal ligament and inserts into the transverse processes of L1-4 and the lower border of rib 12. Its main function is to depress the last rib, aiding in exhalation.Rate this question:
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Mar 21, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Oct 17, 2011Quiz Created by
Teryn_weeks89
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