Respiratory Practice Exam
(141).jpg "Respiratory Practice Exam - Quiz")
Dr. Speck's questions to help us prepare for the final
- 1.
Bronchoconstriction during an asthmatic attack reflects:
- A.
An increase in smooth muscle tone in the airways in the respiratory zone of the lung.
- B.
A decrease in the diameter of the conducting zone airways
- C.
A loss of alveolar sacs
- D.
A decrease in the resistance of the airways.
- E.
Increased diffusion of respiratory gases
Correct Answer
B. A decrease in the diameter of the conducting zone airwaysExplanation
B is correct
A is wrong because the respiratory zone has no smooth muscle
C is wrong because bronchoconstriction deals with smooth muscle not with alveolar sacs.
D is wrong because reistance in the airways actually INCREASES with bronchoconstriction
E is wrong because the diffusion of respiratory gases occurs
in the respiratory zone at the alveoli. Bronchoconstriction does not occur at this locationRate this question:
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- 2.
The compliance of the lung is:
- A.
Decreased in a premature infant with inadequate secretion of surfactant
- B.
Unaffected by lung volume
- C.
Greatest at either lung volumes close to residual volume (RV) or total lung capacity (TLC).
- D.
. decreased in emphysema because of the loss of lung tissue
- E.
. lowest at lung volumes around FRC (functional residual capacity).
Correct Answer
A. Decreased in a premature infant with inadequate secretion of surfactantExplanation
A is correct because Surfactant decreases the surface tension and thereby increases the compliance of the Lung. Premature infants often lack adequate secretion of surfactant
B is incorrect because compliance varies with the size of the lung and therefore also with the volume of the lung
C is incorrect because at RV or TLC the compliances are actually low and we rarely fill our lungs to tlc because of the very high energy cost
D is wrong because Emphysema actually INCREASES the Compliance--unfortunately this increase makes the peripheral airway diameters more dependent on extra-alveolar pressures and may create a Starling resistor which causes resistance to airflow
E is incorrect because FRC changes with Compliance. For example as compliance decreases it tends to reduce the FRC as wellRate this question:
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- 3.
Which of the following comparisons is correct at mid-inspiration during exercise? (Patm = atmospheric pressure, Ppl = intrapleural pressure, PA = alveolar pressure and Pm = mouth pressure). Be sure all indicated relationships (>, <, =) are correct.
- A.
. Patm = Ppl < PA < Pm
- B.
Patm > Ppl < PA = Pm
- C.
. Patm < Ppl > PA < Pm
- D.
Patm > Ppl = PA < Pm
- E.
Patm > Ppl < PA < Pm
Correct Answer
E. Patm > Ppl < PA < PmExplanation
E is correct because during inspiration regardless of excercise the pressure must be greater in the mouth than it is in the alveoli in order to create a gradient for air flow. Also the pleural pressure is negative and there for less than atmospheric pressure and alveolar pressure. E is the only choice that accounts for these conditionsRate this question:
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- 4.
The conducting airways:
- A.
Contain skeletal muscle.
- B.
Contain ciliated cells and mucus-secreting cells.
- C.
Include the respiratory bronchioles
- D.
Are lined with Type I cells that secrete surfactant.
- E.
Help to sense the atmospheric oxygen concentration
Correct Answer
B. Contain ciliated cells and mucus-secreting cells.Explanation
B is correct because the upper airways of the conducting zone contain ciliated cells and mucus-secreting cells.
A is incorrect because the conducting airways contain smooth muscle
C is incorrect because the respiratory bronchioles are part of the respiratory zone
D is incorrect because it is type II cells that secrete surfactant and furthermore they are found within the alveoli which are not part of the conducting zone
E is incorrect because the conducting zone has no capacity to senst the atmoshperic oxygen concentrationRate this question:
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- 5.
The respiratory quotient (RQ):
- A.
Refers to the amount of O2 produced during anaerobic metabolism.
- B.
With a diet of only carbohydrates would be 0.7
- C.
Increases as the diet becomes higher in fat.
- D.
Is calculated as the amount of CO2 produced divided by the amount of O2 consumed
- E.
Is constant and unchanging
Correct Answer
D. Is calculated as the amount of CO2 produced divided by the amount of O2 consumedExplanation
D is correct because RQ = CO2 produced / O2 consumed
A is incorrect because it refers to the amount of CO2 produced
B is incorrect because an RQ of .7 would indicated a diet of only fats. A diet of only carbohydrates would be ~ 1.0
C is incorrect because the RQ actually drops as you increase your fat intake
E is incorrect because the value changes depending on diet and metabolic demandRate this question:
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- 6.
The instantaneous rate of diffusion of oxygen (the number of O2 molecules diffusing per second) from the lung into the blood is DECREASED by:
- A.
An increase in the surface area of the lung
- B.
An increase in the concentration gradient for oxygen.
- C.
A decrease in the thickness of the membrane.
- D.
The presence of hemoglobin in the red blood cell.
- E.
The presence of carbon monoxide (CO)
Correct Answer
E. The presence of carbon monoxide (CO)Explanation
E is correct because the presence of carbon monoxide would decrease the affinity of Oxygen to bind to Hb
A is incorrect because an increase in surface are of the lung would actually INCREASE the rate of diffusion
B is incorrect because an increase in the concentration gradient would also likewise INCREASE the rate of diffusion
C is incorrect because it should say an INCREASE in the thickness of the membrane to be true
D is a junk answer. Hb is always present in the red blood cellRate this question:
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- 7.
The alveolar pressure is:
- A.
Equal to atmospheric pressure whenever there is no flow
- B.
Subatmospheric at rest
- C.
Subatmospheric during expiration
- D.
Equal and opposite to the pleural pressure
Correct Answer
A. Equal to atmospheric pressure whenever there is no flowExplanation
A is correct
B is incorrect because to be at rest alveolar pressure must be equal to atmospheric pressure
C is incorrect because if alveolar pressure were subatmospheric the pressure gradient would cause INSPIRATION
D is incorrect because the pleural pressure is usually around -4 mm Hg and alveolar is usually around 100 mm HgRate this question:
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- 8.
What is the correct sequence of events for inspiration to occur? 1. activation of inspiratory muscles 2. decrease in alveolar pressure 3. increase in lung volume 4. activation of DRG inspiratory neurons (premotor neurons in the brainstem) 5. increase in the size of the thoracic compartment 6. decrease in pleural pressure
- A.
4, 1, 5, 6, 3, 2
- B.
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
- C.
4, 1, 2, 6, 3, 5
- D.
1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 4
Correct Answer
A. 4, 1, 5, 6, 3, 2 -
- 9.
The alveoli in the apex of the lung in the upright posture are relatively distended at FRC because:
- A.
The pleural pressure at the apex is about the same as the pressure at the base.
- B.
The accessory muscles are activated.
- C.
Their compliance is relatively high.
- D.
The resistance to inspiratory airflow is less in the apex.
Correct Answer
C. Their compliance is relatively high.Explanation
C is correct
A is incorrect because the pleural pressure at the apex is more negative than that at the base
B is incorrect because FRC is defined when all muscles are relaxed
D is incorrect because the question asked about distendability not resistance to airflowRate this question:
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- 10.
To generate high velocity expiratory flow during a cough, you would need to activate the:
- A.
External intercostal muscles
- B.
Diaphragm
- C.
Accessory muscles
- D.
Abdominal muscles
- E.
Laryngeal muscles
Correct Answer
D. Abdominal musclesExplanation
D is correct
A and B are incorrect because the external intercostal muscles and the diaphragm activate during INSPIRATION
The muscles used for forced expiration are the abdominal muscles and the internal intercostals. D is the only optionRate this question:
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- 11.
The presence of surfactant:
- A.
Increases the surface tension of the lung
- B.
Depends on secretion by the alveolar Type I cells
- C.
Encourages collapse of the small alveoli into larger ones
- D.
Increases the lung compliance
- E.
Occurs in the intrapleural space
Correct Answer
D. Increases the lung complianceExplanation
D is correct
A is incorrect because Surfactant DECREASES surface tension
B is incorrect because it is Type II cells that secrete surfactant
C is incorrect because it prevents collapse
E is incorrect because it does not occur in the intrapleural spaceRate this question:
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- 12.
In a person that was seated and at rest, a tight-fitting corset would be expected to decrease all of the following EXCEPT:
- A.
Tidal volume
- B.
Functional residual capacity
- C.
Expiratory reserve volume
- D.
Total lung capacity
- E.
Inspiratory reserve volume
Correct Answer
A. Tidal volume -
- 13.
With a tidal volume of 700 mL, a dead space of 200 mL and a respiratory frequency of 20, the alveolar minute ventilation would be:
- A.
14 Liters
- B.
10 Liters
- C.
8 Liters
- D.
6 Liters
- E.
. 4 Liters
Correct Answer
B. 10 LitersExplanation
VA =RF (VT-VDS)
=20 (700-200)
=10,000 ml
=10 LRate this question:
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- 14.
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
- A.
Mixed venous blood is usually 75% saturated with oxygen
- B.
Increased hemoglobin concentrations increase the % Hb saturation
- C.
About 10 % of the oxygen is transported in a dissolved form
- D.
The arterial Po2 is usually greater than the alveolar Po2
- E.
The arterial Pco2 is usually 46 mm Hg
Correct Answer
A. Mixed venous blood is usually 75% saturated with oxygenExplanation
A is correct
B is incorrect because increased hemoglobin concentrations has no affect on the % Hb saturation
C is incorrect becaus it is 10% of CO2 that is transported in the dissolved form--O2 is much less than that I beleive
D is incorrect because the reverse is true
E is incorrect becase the arterial PCO2 is normally about 40, 46 is a tad highRate this question:
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- 15.
In patients with respiratory acidosis, you would expect:
- A.
Them to be hyperventilating
- B.
Their arterial Pco2 to be lower than normal
- C.
Their hemoglobin-oxygen saturation curve to be shifted to the right
- D.
Them to have more carbonic anhydrase
- E.
A decreased anatomic dead space
Correct Answer
C. Their hemoglobin-oxygen saturation curve to be shifted to the rightExplanation
Remember the curve shifts to the right with an increase in the following values (CO2, [H+], Heat, 2,3-BPG)Rate this question:
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- 16.
Most of the carbon dioxide produced by cells is transported in the blood as:
- A.
Carboxyhemoglobin
- B.
Carbaminohemoglobin
- C.
HCO3-
- D.
Dissolved CO2
- E.
Carbonic anhydrase
Correct Answer
C. HCO3-Explanation
you better know this oneRate this question:
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- 17.
A patient that has a spinal cord transection at the level of the first thoracic vertebrae (T1) would be able to breathe using their:
- A.
External intercostal muscles
- B.
Accessory muscles and diaphragm
- C.
External and internal intercostal muscles
- D.
Abdominal and external intercostals muscles
- E.
Diaphragm and internal intercostal muscles
Correct Answer
B. Accessory muscles and diaphragmExplanation
accessory muscles are innervated by CN 11 and the diaphram by the phrenic nerve (C3,4,5) These would still be intact after a T1 transection. all other muscles such as the intercostals and abdominals would be wiped outRate this question:
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- 18.
The basic respiratory rhythm is generated in the:
- A.
Medulla
- B.
Pons
- C.
Cerebellum
- D.
Cortex
- E.
Spinal cord
Correct Answer
A. Medulla -
- 19.
If I were to fly you to Denver (I’d be a really nice guy) and then immediately take you to an elevation of about 10,000 feet (maybe not such a nice guy!), I would expect your alveolar Po2 to be about 60 mm Hg and your ventilation to _____________(compared to that in Kentucky) and your arterial Pco2 to ___________ (compared to that in Kentucky).
- A.
Increase , increase
- B.
Stay the same, increase
- C.
Decrease , stay the same
- D.
Increase , decrease
- E.
Decrease , increase
Correct Answer
D. Increase , decreaseExplanation
see notes on group discussionRate this question:
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- 20.
A patient with respiratory complications which result in a decreased surface area in the lung apex might experience respiratory difficulty:
- A.
. in the head-down position
- B.
In the upright position.
- C.
When the pulmonary arterial pressure decreases.
- D.
When “Zone 1” is increased
Correct Answer
A. . in the head-down positionExplanation
Blood flow is to the alveoli is usually greater at the base of the lung due to gravity. However, if you turn a person upside down the majority of the blood flow will be at the apex and therefore respiration will depend on the apex more for diffusion of gases. the diffusion of gases required high surface area (as well as a concentration gradient and thin wall)Rate this question:
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- 21.
In a person with a thickened alveolar – capillary membrane, which of the following comparisons is TRUE?
- A.
Po2 = dead space Po2 > alveolar Po2 = arterial Po2 > venous Po2
- B.
Atmospheric Po2 = dead space Po2 > alveolar Po2 = arterial Po2 < venous Po2
- C.
Atmospheric Po2 > dead space Po2 > alveolar Po2 = arterial Po2 > venous Po2
- D.
Atmospheric Po2 > dead space Po2 > alveolar Po2 > arterial Po2 > venous Po2
Correct Answer
D. Atmospheric Po2 > dead space Po2 > alveolar Po2 > arterial Po2 > venous Po2 -
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Mar 18, 2022Quiz Edited by
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Nov 09, 2008Quiz Created by
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