Respiratory Histology Quiz: Trivia

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  • 1/20 Questions

    Both goblet cells and ciliated epithelial cells occur in all of the following EXCEPT

    • Nasal cavity
    • Trachea
    • Bronchi
    • Alveoli
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About This Quiz

Get ready and prepare yourself for this Respiratory system Quiz that we have here for you. The quiz is not going to be easy, and if you have knowledge about respiratory histology, still, you may face difficulty scoring high on this quiz. However, give your best and try to score equal to or above 70 on this quiz. You will also gather some information through this quiz. Best of luck to you. .

Respiratory Histology Quiz: Trivia - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    A complex mixture of phospholipids (mainly dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine),  carbohydrates (glycosaminoglycans), and proteins:

    • Air-blood barrier interstitium

    • Capillary endothelial space

    • Surfactant

    • Neuroendocrine cell

    • Submucosal bronchial gland

    Correct Answer
    A. Surfactant
    Explanation
    Surfactant is a complex mixture of phospholipids, carbohydrates, and proteins. It is found in the air-blood barrier interstitium, specifically in the capillary endothelial space. Surfactant helps to reduce surface tension in the alveoli of the lungs, preventing them from collapsing during exhalation and promoting efficient gas exchange. It also plays a role in preventing fluid accumulation in the lungs.

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  • 3. 

    "Respiratory" (i.e., ciliated pseudostratified columnar) epithelium is found in all of the following structures EXCEPT

    • Nasal cavity

    • Trachea

    • Extrapulmonary bronchi

    • Intrapulmonary bronchi

    • Bronchioles

    Correct Answer
    A. Bronchioles
    Explanation
    The correct answer is bronchioles. Respiratory (ciliated pseudostratified columnar) epithelium is found in the nasal cavity, trachea, extrapulmonary bronchi, and intrapulmonary bronchi. However, as the bronchioles are smaller airways within the lungs, they are lined with simple cuboidal epithelium instead of respiratory epithelium.

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  • 4. 

    Lamellar bodies  are present in the  air-blood barrier cell:

    • Type I pneumocyte

    • Type II pneumocyte

    • Clara

    • Neuroendocrine

    • Macrophage

    Correct Answer
    A. Type II pneumocyte
    Explanation
    Lamellar bodies which contain surfactant are clearly discernible in type II pneumocytes SURFACTANT REDUCES SURFACE TENSION AT BLOOD-AIR BARRIER from slides 34 & 35 of Moore's ppt-2

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  • 5. 

    The large numbers of alveolar macrophages which migrate into lumens of alveoli are derived from

    • Fibroblasts in the interalveolar septa

    • Dendritic cells of lymphoid tissue

    • Type II alveolar epithelial cells

    • Monocytes in circulating blood

    • Smooth muscle cells of pulmonary arteries

    Correct Answer
    A. Monocytes in circulating blood
    Explanation
    The large numbers of alveolar macrophages which migrate into lumens of alveoli are derived from monocytes in circulating blood. Monocytes are a type of white blood cell that circulate in the bloodstream and can differentiate into macrophages when they enter tissues. In the case of the alveoli, monocytes migrate from the blood vessels into the alveolar spaces and differentiate into alveolar macrophages. These macrophages play a crucial role in the immune defense of the lungs by engulfing and removing pathogens, debris, and foreign particles that may enter the alveoli.

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  • 6. 

    A unique feature of the olfactory epithelium is the presence of

    • Goblet cells

    • Neurons that are replaced throughout life

    • Hair cells

    • Receptors for taste

    • Clara cells

    Correct Answer
    A. Neurons that are replaced throughout life
    Explanation
    The unique feature of the olfactory epithelium is the presence of neurons that are replaced throughout life. Unlike most neurons in the body, which are unable to regenerate, the olfactory neurons have the ability to regenerate and replace themselves throughout an individual's lifetime. This allows for the continuous detection and processing of smells, as the old neurons are constantly being replaced by new ones. This unique characteristic of the olfactory epithelium contributes to the sense of smell and its ability to adapt to different scents over time.

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  • 7. 

    Which of the following is characterized by the presence of both skeletal muscle and cartilage?

    • Nasal cavity

    • Larynx

    • Trachea

    • Bronchioles

    • Alveoli

    Correct Answer
    A. Larynx
    Explanation
    The larynx is characterized by the presence of both skeletal muscle and cartilage. The skeletal muscles in the larynx help control the movement of the vocal cords, allowing for speech and sound production. The cartilage in the larynx, specifically the thyroid cartilage (Adam's apple), provides structural support and protection for the vocal cords and other structures within the larynx. This combination of skeletal muscle and cartilage in the larynx allows for its important functions in respiration and phonation.

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  • 8. 

    In order for oxygen in the inspired air to reach hemoglobin, it must diffuse across all of the following structures EXCEPT

    • Layer of surfactant

    • An endothelial cell

    • A Type I pneumocyte

    • One or more smooth muscle cells

    • The plasma membrane of the erythrocyte

    Correct Answer
    A. One or more smooth muscle cells
    Explanation
    Smooth muscle cells are not involved in the process of oxygen diffusion. Oxygen diffuses across the layer of surfactant, endothelial cells, Type I pneumocytes, and the plasma membrane of the erythrocyte to reach hemoglobin. Smooth muscle cells are responsible for regulating the diameter of blood vessels, not for the diffusion of oxygen.

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  • 9. 

    Which of the following is a function characteristically associated with "respiratory epithelium"?

    • Trapping of particles from passing air for elimination by swallowing

    • Transmission of oxygen from the air into subepithelial capillaries

    • Use of ciliated epithelial cells to sense odors in passing air

    • Protection of the luminal surface of vocal folds

    • Secretion of surfactant

    Correct Answer
    A. Trapping of particles from passing air for elimination by swallowing
    Explanation
    The respiratory epithelium is responsible for trapping particles from the passing air for elimination by swallowing. This is an important function of the respiratory system as it helps to prevent foreign particles from entering the lungs and causing damage. The trapped particles are then eliminated by swallowing, preventing them from reaching the lower respiratory tract.

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  • 10. 

    Pulmonary alveoli characteristically have

    • Smooth muscle in their walls to help expel air depleted of oxygen

    • Ciliated epithelial cells

    • Surfaces coated with a detergent-like material to facilitate alveolar inflation

    • Imperforate walls between adjacent alveoli to retard the spread of pathogenic organisms

    • An epithelial lining incapable of regenerating itself after injury

    Correct Answer
    A. Surfaces coated with a detergent-like material to facilitate alveolar inflation
    Explanation
    The surfaces of pulmonary alveoli are coated with a detergent-like material to facilitate alveolar inflation. This surfactant reduces the surface tension in the alveoli, preventing them from collapsing during expiration and allowing for efficient gas exchange.

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  • 11. 

    Which of the following portions of the respiratory tract lack smooth muscle?

    • Trachea

    • Bronchi

    • Bronchioles

    • Alveolar Ducts

    • Alveoli

    Correct Answer
    A. Alveoli
    Explanation
    Alveoli lack smooth muscle. Alveoli are tiny air sacs located at the end of the respiratory bronchioles in the lungs. They are responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and the bloodstream. Unlike the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveolar ducts, which contain smooth muscle, alveoli are composed of a single layer of epithelial cells and do not have any smooth muscle tissue.

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  • 12. 

    Air inhaled through the nose is "conditioned" to protect the tissues of the deeper airways. For conditioning, the air nasal tissue possesses all of the following features EXCEPT:

    • Secretions supplied from goblet cells in the epithelium

    • Generation of heat by mitochondria in the basal cells of the respiratory epithelium

    • Secretions from seromucous glands in the subepithelial connective tissues

    • . venous plexuses at selected places in the subepithelial connective tissues

    Correct Answer
    A. Generation of heat by mitochondria in the basal cells of the respiratory epithelium
    Explanation
    The air nasal tissue possesses secretions supplied from goblet cells in the epithelium, secretions from seromucous glands in the subepithelial connective tissues, and venous plexuses at selected places in the subepithelial connective tissues to condition the inhaled air. However, it does not generate heat by mitochondria in the basal cells of the respiratory epithelium.

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  • 13. 

    Respiratory epithelium and olfactory epithelium are alike in which of the following properties?

    • Both contain goblet cells.

    • Both are pseudostratified epithelia.

    • Both contain bipolar sensory neurons.

    • Both contain cells with motile cilia.

    • Both contain Clara cells.

    Correct Answer
    A. Both are pseudostratified epithelia.
    Explanation
    Both respiratory epithelium and olfactory epithelium are pseudostratified epithelia. Pseudostratified epithelia are characterized by the presence of cells of different heights, giving the appearance of multiple layers when in fact there is only one layer. In both respiratory and olfactory epithelium, the cells are arranged in a single layer but appear stratified due to the varying heights of the cells. This arrangement allows for efficient absorption and secretion of substances in both the respiratory and olfactory systems.

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  • 14. 

    All of the following statements about the respiratory system are correct EXCEPT:

    • Clara cells are found only in the bronchiolar epithelium.

    • The larynx contains hyaline cartilage, smooth muscle, and stratified squamous epithelium.

    • The surfactant lining of the aveoli is produced by Type II pneumocytes.

    • Most of the inside surface of alveoli is lined with Type I pneumocytes.

    • Mucociliary clearance involves goblet cells, ciliated epithelial cells, and/ submucosal glands.

    Correct Answer
    A. The larynx contains hyaline cartilage, smooth muscle, and stratified squamous epithelium.
    Explanation
    skeletal muscle--- because you have voluntary control of it.

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  • 15. 

    All of the following are characteristics of Type II pneumocytes EXCEPT

    • Contain organelles called lamellar bodies

    • Secrete surfactant

    • Phagocytose particulates reaching the alveoli

    • Form tight junctions with Type I pneumocytes

    • Divide to produce both Type I and Type II cells

    Correct Answer
    A. Phagocytose particulates reaching the alveoli
    Explanation
    Type II pneumocytes are responsible for secreting surfactant, which helps to reduce surface tension in the alveoli and prevent their collapse. They also contain organelles called lamellar bodies, which store and release surfactant. Type II pneumocytes form tight junctions with Type I pneumocytes, creating a barrier that helps to maintain the integrity of the alveoli. Additionally, Type II pneumocytes have the ability to divide and produce both Type I and Type II cells, contributing to the regeneration of the alveolar epithelium. However, they do not phagocytose particulates reaching the alveoli. This function is performed by alveolar macrophages, which are specialized immune cells present in the alveoli.

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  • 16. 

    Intrapulmonary bronchi and bronchioles share which ONE of the following properties?

    • Amount of cartilage

    • Type of epithelium

    • Association with pulmonary arteries

    • Association with sub-mucosal glands

    • Diameter

    Correct Answer
    A. Association with pulmonary arteries
    Explanation
    Intrapulmonary bronchi and bronchioles share the property of association with pulmonary arteries. This means that both the bronchi and bronchioles are closely connected to the network of pulmonary arteries, which supply oxygenated blood to the lungs. This association allows for efficient exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air in the bronchi and bronchioles and the blood in the pulmonary arteries.

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  • 17. 

    Bronchioles differ from bronchi in all of the following respects EXCEPT

    • Absence of cartilage

    • Presence of smooth muscle

    • Type of epithelium

    • Presence of Clara cells

    • Absence of sub-mucosal glands

    Correct Answer
    A. Presence of smooth muscle
    Explanation
    Bronchioles differ from bronchi in all of the following respects except the presence of smooth muscle. Bronchioles are smaller airway passages that branch out from the bronchi, and they do not contain cartilage like the bronchi do. Additionally, bronchioles have a different type of epithelium and lack sub-mucosal glands. However, both bronchioles and bronchi have the presence of smooth muscle, which helps to regulate the diameter of the airways.

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  • 18. 

    All of the following are characteristics of capillaries found within the alveolar septa EXCEPT

    • They have a larger diameter than most capillaries.

    • They have lower pressure than most capillaries.

    • They are somatic, continuous capillaries.

    • There is transport across the capillary wall using membranous vesicles.

    • They lack a basement membrane.

    Correct Answer
    A. They lack a basement membrane.
    Explanation
    Capillaries found within the alveolar septa have several characteristics, including having a larger diameter than most capillaries, having lower pressure than most capillaries, being somatic continuous capillaries, and having transport across the capillary wall using membranous vesicles. However, they do not lack a basement membrane. The basement membrane is a thin, specialized layer of extracellular matrix that provides structural support and acts as a selective barrier in capillaries. Therefore, the correct answer is that they lack a basement membrane.

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  • 19. 

    Capillaries of pulmonary alveoli are

    • Fenestrated to enhance uptake of air from the alveolar lumen

    • Larger in diameter than average systemic capillaries

    • Separated from air solely by their own epithelium and basal lamina

    • Typically surrounded by dense concentrations of lymphocytes

    Correct Answer
    A. Larger in diameter than average systemic capillaries
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "larger in diameter than average systemic capillaries." This is because the capillaries of pulmonary alveoli need to accommodate the exchange of gases between the alveolar air and the bloodstream. The larger diameter allows for a greater surface area for gas exchange to occur, ensuring efficient uptake of oxygen and release of carbon dioxide.

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  • 20. 

    Oxygen diffuses from the alveolar cavity into the blood in the alveolar capillaries to become linked to red cell hemoglobin, and carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the alveolar air. To cross the air-blood barrier, the minimum number of plasma membranes would be:

    • 3

    • 4

    • 5

    • 6

    Correct Answer
    A. 5
    Explanation
    To cross the air-blood barrier, both oxygen and carbon dioxide need to diffuse through the alveolar epithelial cells and the endothelial cells of the capillaries. This means that each gas needs to cross two plasma membranes - one in the alveolar epithelial cell and one in the capillary endothelial cell. Therefore, the minimum number of plasma membranes required for this process is 5.

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  • Current Version
  • Mar 29, 2023
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • Nov 05, 2011
    Quiz Created by
    Chachelly
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