Pediatric Respiratory Quiz Questions And Answers

Changes may occur rapidly. NEVER EVER EVER leave them alone.

The statement is true because patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) have a defective gene that affects the movement of salt and water in and out of cells, leading to the production of thick and sticky mucus. This defect also affects the sweat and salivary glands, causing them to excrete excessive electrolytes, particularly sodium and chloride. This is why CF patients have salty-tasting skin and sweat, which can be measured through a sweat test.

The correct answer is "cough, Cough, COUGH". The question is asking for a symptom of croup, a condition that affects the respiratory system, particularly in children. Croup is characterized by a distinctive "barky" or "bark like" cough, which can be described as a repetitive, harsh, and often loud cough. The repetition of the word "cough" in different capitalizations ("cough, Cough, COUGH") emphasizes the severity and intensity of the cough associated with croup.

The priority in treating epiglottitis is achieving a patent airway as quickly as possible.

The statement is true because it accurately describes some structural differences in the airway between children and adults. The larynx and glottis being located higher in the neck in children is due to their smaller anatomy. Additionally, children have larger tonsils and less developed cartilage in their airway compared to adults. These differences can affect the way air flows through the airway and can have implications for respiratory health in children.

It should be done 1 hour before meals or 2 hours after to decrease the risk of aspiration or vomiting

Albuterol (Proventil) is a beta 2 adrenergic agonist that results in bronchodilation. It's used in acute episodes of asthma. Terbutaline (brethine) is an oral, long-acting medication used for long-term control of asthma. Beclomethasone diproppionate (QVAR) is an inhaled glucocorticdoid used to prevent infllammation, suppress airway mucus production, and promote responsiveness of beta 2 receptors in the bronchial tree. Prednizone (Deltasone) is an oral medication used for 3 to 10 days following an acute asthma attack.

Cystic fibrosis is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait, which means that both copies of the gene responsible for the condition must be inherited - one from the mother and one from the father. If only one parent carries the gene, the child will not develop cystic fibrosis but may become a carrier of the gene. Therefore, for a child to present with a diagnosis of cystic fibrosis, both the mom and dad must have the gene.

In patients with CF, the abnormally thick mucous obstructs the secretory ducts of the pancreas. This obstruction can lead to malnutrition and diabetes. The pancreas plays a crucial role in producing digestive enzymes and regulating blood sugar levels. When the ducts are blocked, the enzymes cannot reach the intestines to aid in digestion, resulting in malnutrition. Additionally, the pancreas produces insulin, which helps regulate blood sugar levels. When the ducts are obstructed, insulin production can be affected, leading to diabetes.

The goal for a child with respiratory infection is to exhibit adequate oxygenation and maintain a patent airway. This means that the airway should remain open and unobstructed, allowing for proper airflow and oxygen exchange. It is important to keep the oxygen saturation levels above 92-93% to ensure sufficient oxygen supply to the body.

Heat and inhaled smoke-product antigens may cause fluid to shift from the intravascular compartment into the interstitial compartment resulting in edema, which obstructs the airway. *remember that clinical manifestations from inhalation injuries may be delayed as long as 24-48 hours (that's in Reklau's notes). Question is from ATI though.

Chest physiotherapy (CPT) is a respiratory treatment that involves percussion, vibration, and postural drainage to mobilize secretions. It uses a cupped hand or a special device over the chest wall/rib cage to break up secretions. This technique helps to loosen and remove mucus from the lungs, making it easier for the patient to breathe.

The absence of breath sounds, along with a sudden increase in respiratory rate, is a concerning sign for Status Asthmaticus. This condition is a severe and life-threatening form of asthma that does not respond well to standard treatments. The absence of breath sounds suggests a significant airway obstruction, while the sudden rise in respiratory rate indicates the body's attempt to compensate for the lack of oxygen. Therefore, recognizing these signs is crucial in identifying and managing this potentially fatal condition.

Administering oxygen via nasal cannula limits the energy required for breathing, thus allowing the child to conserve energy that can be used for fluid and nutrient intake.

When bilateral breath sounds are heard on auscultation, it indicates that the endotracheal (ET) tube has been successfully placed in the trachea. This means that the air is able to flow freely into both lungs, ensuring proper oxygenation. The presence of bilateral breath sounds suggests that the ET intubation has effectively secured the airway and is delivering oxygen to the lungs.

A clear mucus is often associated with viral infections. Viral infections, such as the common cold or flu, can cause the body to produce clear mucus as a response to the infection. This is because the body's immune system is working to fight off the virus and clear out any excess mucus or secretions. Bacterial infections, on the other hand, typically cause yellow or green mucus. Fungal infections may have other symptoms such as itching or a thick, white discharge. Therefore, based on the given information, the most likely explanation for the clear mucus is a viral infection.

With complete airway obstruction, the child can't cough, speak, or breathe. Gagging and coughing may be associated with such problems as laryngotracheal obstruction. Bronchial obstruction produces cough, wheezing, syspnea, decreased airway entry, and asymmetrical breath sounds.

Delivering warm, humidified oxygen prevents cold stress and fluid loss through the respiratory tract.

unlike pneumonia or emphysema. Patches of the sticky mucus scattered throughout.

Cystic fibrosis causes thick secretions that block pancreatic ducts and prevent essential pancreatic enzymes from reaching the duodenum. This impairs digestion and absorption of nutrients. The lack of available enzymes also causes stools that are greasy, foul smelling, and frothy from undigested fat. Because of respiratory involvement children may have increased respiratory rate. An early sign of cystic fibrosis in infancy is failure to pass meconium.

I just thought we should read through this once since it was bolded on her notes.

Smoke inhalation should be suspected when the child has burns on the face and neck, singed nasal hair, wheezing, carbonaceous secretions, a hoarse voice, and crackles throughout the lung fields. Hypotension may occur if the child is in shock, but isn't an indicator of smoke inhalation.

pancreatic enzymes help digest fat in the diet. They should be given with meals and snacks to help break down fat and increase its absorption by the body.

HiB vaccine recommended for prevention

The child is probably having an asthma attack, and the nurse needs to auscultate his lungs to determine how well he's exchanging air. She should assess for dyspnea, coughing, and wheezing. Vital signs are taken after the pulmonary assessment. The nurse should call the student's mother, but this isn't the first priority. The aerosol treatment is appropriate if prescribed by the child's physician, but it should be done after the nurse assesses the child.

With CF, a simple URI may develop into pneumonia if the thick secretions aren't loosened and removed by percussion and postural drainage. Making sure the child has an adequate diet, taking the child's temperature, and giving he child orange juice are important but not as vital as percussion and postural drainage.

Audible wheezing, that is heard without a stethoscope, is an indication that the airways are significantly compromised. This is an expected respiratory rate of an 8 year old child. Individuals who have asthma often receive corticosteroids, which could cause a round face: however, this does not require nursing intervention. The use of inhalant medications is expected.

The infant is having difficulty with breathing: disturbing the infant frequently causes an increased expenditure of energy, thus increasing oxygen needs.Cool mist does not promote hydration; it limits inflammation and lowers fever.

Clubbing of the fingers and toes indicates that the body has compensated for low serum oxygen levels by building collateral circulation. A sunken abdomen, distended jugular veins, and edema in the upper extremities aren't signs of compensation for a decreased oxygen concentration.

Smaller airway diameter, shorter distances between structures of the airway, and short eustachian tubes can all contribute to an increased risk/frequency of respiratory infections in children. A smaller airway diameter can make it more difficult for air to flow freely, increasing the likelihood of infections. Shorter distances between structures of the airway can make it easier for infections to spread from one area to another. Short eustachian tubes can lead to fluid buildup in the middle ear, which can increase the risk of ear infections.

The statement "If I'd checked on my baby in the middle of the night he wouldn't have died" indicates a misunderstanding of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). SIDS is a sudden and unexplained death of an infant, typically during sleep. It is not caused by neglect or lack of checking on the baby. The parent's belief that checking on the baby would have prevented the death suggests a need for further teaching to clarify the causes and risk factors of SIDS.

these assessments are vital to determine the infant's hydration status.

The lateral Sims' position will allow emesis or other obstructive fluid to drain from the mouth an prevent aspiration. The supiine position predisposes to aspiration of blood, mucus, or vomitus. Nasotracheal suction might be used in the postanesthesia care unit; when the child is ready to return to the pediatric unit; it should not be needed

According to Mrs. Reklau's Notes, it is true that higher fever is associated with bacterial infections, while lower fever is associated with viral infections.

An upright position helps prevent aspiration; metal tableware is safer than plastic because it is unbreakable; encouraging participation, attempting to socialize and treating the child with dignity should be part of the meal

Status asthmaticus is asthma with moderate to sever airway obstruction that doesn't respond to initial treatment. The asthma "stays in place" rather than improving with treatment. A child's wheezing stops when status asthmaticus develops because the airways are obstructed.

The correct answer is "dysphasia, Dysphasia, DYSPHASIA." Dysphasia refers to an impairment of speech and is one of the 4 "D's" of Eppiglottitis, along with dysphonia (muffled voice) and drooling.

CF is primarily a mechanical obstruction caused by increased viscosity of mucous gland secretion and is responsible for many of the clinical manifestations.

Only MD. Nurse need to have emergency ETT/Tradch set at bedside. There will likely be Lateral neck film in ER

The peak expiratory flow meter is an objective tool that measures the maximum flow of air that can be forcefully exhaled in 1 second. The tool individualizes data for the child because after a personal best value has been established it can be compared with current values to determine the present respiratory status.

Children with cystic fibrosis are at an increased risk of developing type 1 diabetes. Cystic fibrosis affects the pancreas, leading to a deficiency in insulin production. This deficiency can increase the likelihood of developing type 1 diabetes, which is characterized by a lack of insulin production altogether. Therefore, being prone to developing type 1 diabetes is a result of repeated infections in children with cystic fibrosis.

TTDR Tachypnea, Tachycardia, Diaphoresis, Restlessness

Managing a foreign-body airway obstruction begins with assessment, including whether the child is coughing and can make vocal sounds. Finger sweeps should be avoided because they may push the foreign object back into the airway, causing obstructions. Back blows are used on an infant age 1 and younger. If the child can't speak or cough, abdominal thrusts are used.

RSV can live on paper for 1 hour and on cribs and other nonporous surfaces for up to 6 hours and is highly communicable. The infant with RSV should be isolated in a single room. Along with standard precautions, the infant should be placed on contact precautions, and gloves and a gown should be worn when entering the room if clothing will contact the infant., Droplet precautions (wearing a amask when entering the room) and airborne precautions (private room with negative air pressure, high efficiency filtration, and shuyt door; visitors required to wear a HEPA-filter mask) aren't necessary.

Meningismus is the classic triad of Nuchal Rigidity, photophobia, and headache.

When a mother can't calm a child with a respiratory problem, assess for increasing hypoxia. Normal symptoms of croup include inspiratory stridor and barking cough. Children are commonly restless in their sleep when ill.

Vomiting old blood (coffee-ground emesis) is common after tonsillectomy. If vomiting occurs, the nurse should maintain nothing by mouth status for the next 30 minutes and then resume clear liquids. The nurse should assess the child for signs of bleeding (frequent swallowing, restlessness, vomiting bright red blood, and fast thready pulse). If bleeding occurs, turn the child to the side and notify the physician immediately. The child should be placed in a prone or side-lying position to prevent aspiration.

Antitussives suppress/depress the cough reflex and increase risk for aspiration. Decongestants increase agitation.

Cystic fibrosis delays growth and the onset of puberty. Children with cystic fibrosis tend to be smaller that average size and develop secondary sex characteristics later in life. In addition, children with CF are at risk for developing diabetes mellitus because the pancreatic duct becomes obstructed as pancreatic tissues are destroyed. People with CF can expect to have normal sexual relationships, but fertility becomes difficult because thick secretions obstruct the cervix and block sperm entry. Males and females carry the gene for cystic fibrosis. Pulmonary disease commonly progresses as the child ages, requiring additional respiratory treatment - not less.

The clinical manifestations of Cystic Fibrosis may include bile stained vomiting, meconium ileus, large bulky, loose, frothy stools that float, wheezy respirations, barrel chest, and clubbing of fingers and toes. These symptoms are commonly seen in individuals with Cystic Fibrosis and can help in the diagnosis of the condition. Bile stained vomiting may occur due to the blockage of the bile ducts, while meconium ileus is a common gastrointestinal complication in newborns with Cystic Fibrosis. The abnormal consistency and appearance of stools are a result of impaired digestion and absorption of nutrients. Wheezy respirations, barrel chest, and clubbing of fingers and toes are respiratory symptoms associated with the condition.