Real Estate Practice - Chapter 19: Fair Housing

Explanation
This is the definition of Steering.

Blockbusting is the discriminatory and illegal act of persuading or soliciting real property owners to sell their property based on the possible or probable entrance of minority persons into a neighborhood. Also known as panic selling.

Explanation
The explanation for the given correct answer is that blockbusting is a practice where real estate agents try to create fear and panic among property owners in order to convince them to sell their properties at lower prices. This is done with the intention of profiting from the sales and commissions. By implying that a change in the community's composition would lead to negative consequences such as a decline in property value or school quality, or an increase in crime, the real estate agent is trying to exploit the fears and concerns of property owners for their own financial gain.

Explanation
This is known as Steering.

Explanation
It is the unlawful practice of refusing real estate related services based on teh location of a person's real property.

Explanation
The explanation for the given correct answer is that if a real estate agent asks different sets of questions to different buyers based on their race, ethnicity, or any other protected characteristic, it can be seen as discriminatory behavior. Discrimination in the housing market is illegal and can lead to complaints and legal consequences for the agent. Therefore, it is important for real estate agents to treat all buyers equally and ask the same quality and quantity of questions to ensure fairness and avoid any potential discrimination.

Explanation
Testers are sent disguised as buyers and seller to observe from first hand experience whether Fair Housing is put into practice.

Explanation
The Civil Rights Act of 1866 was the earliest federal law prohibiting discrimination based on race.

Explanation
The Civil Rights Act of 1968 is also known as the Fair Housing Act. This act was passed to prohibit discrimination in the sale, rental, and financing of housing based on race, religion, national origin, and sex. It aimed to provide equal housing opportunities for all individuals and promote fair housing practices. Therefore, the statement that another name for the Civil Rights Act of 1968 is the Fair Housing Act is true.

Explanation
Prohibition of discrimination based on sex did not pass Congress until 1974 with the passage of the Housing and Community Development Act.

Explanation
The explanation for the correct answer is that the factor of familial status was included in federal housing laws to prevent discrimination against families with children or pregnant women. This means that it is unlawful to advertise "adults only" housing, as it goes against the Fair Housing Amendments Act.

Explanation
The Supreme Court case was Jones vs. Mayer.

A later 1987 Supreme Court decision expanded the definition of race to include persons having a certain cultural, language, or physical characteristics in common with a national origin group.

Explanation
The Human Relations Act of 1955 DOES affect commercial real estate as well.

Explanation
The statement is true because it states that there can be no discrimination against the protected classes of persons, which include race, color, sex, religious creed, ancestry, national origin, handicap or disability, age, familial status, disability or use of a support animal because of blindness, deafness, or physical handicap of the user, or because the user is a handler or trainer of support or guide animals. This means that individuals belonging to these protected classes should not face discrimination based on these characteristics.

Explanation
Family room is acceptable and has been ruled to be non-discriminatory.

Explanation
Complaints filed with HUD are handled by the Pennsylvania Human Relations Commission. An Aggrieved party may also seek a remedy for monetary damages through an Adminstrative Law Judge.

Explanation
Both HUD (U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development) and the Pennsylvania Human Relations Commission have regulations in place that mandate the display of fair housing posters in real estate offices involved in sales or rentals. If a real estate office fails to display the required poster, it can be reported and a complaint of discrimination can be filed against the office. Therefore, the statement that failure to display the fair housing poster is grounds for a discrimination complaint is true.

Explanation
The given statement is true. The Equal Credit Opportunity Act (ECOA) is a federal law that ensures all borrowers have an equal opportunity to obtain credit. This law prohibits lenders from discriminating against borrowers based on factors such as race, color, religion, national origin, sex, marital status, age, or receipt of public assistance. The ECOA promotes fairness and equal access to credit for all individuals.