Quiz For Lecture 1 - An Introduction To The Immune System

1. Which of the following cells is a type of phagocyte?

Eosinophils

Basophils

Plasma cell

Macrophage

Macrophage is the right answer, the other phagoctyes are the neutrophils and dendritic cells.

Explanation

Macrophage is the right answer, the other phagoctyes are the neutrophils and dendritic cells.

2. Which cell type forms part of the innate immune system?

B-lymphocytes

Granulocytes; basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils

Plasma cell

T-lymphocytes

Remember B & T lymphocytes form the backbone of the adaptive immune response

Explanation

Remember B & T lymphocytes form the backbone of the adaptive immune response

3. The adaptive immune sytem is not antigen specific so doesn't improve with repeated exposure to the same infectious agent?

True

False

The adaptive immune system is antigen specific, so that after exposure to an infectious agent, ‘memory’ cells develop. On subsequent exposure to the same agent, the adaptive immune response then occurs quicker and is of greater amplitude

Explanation

The adaptive immune system is antigen specific, so that after exposure to an infectious agent, ‘memory’ cells develop. On subsequent exposure to the same agent, the adaptive immune response then occurs quicker and is of greater amplitude

4. What is the name given to the secreted, soluble form of Immunoglobulin (Ig)?

B-cell receptors (BCR)

Antibody

T-cell receptors (TCR)

Epitopes

BCR and TCR are very similar in structure to immunoglobulin, however are found on the surface of B & T cells respectively. They bind to a specific antigen.
Epitope - this is the secific part of an antigen that is recognised by an antibody or antibody receptor.

Explanation

BCR and TCR are very similar in structure to immunoglobulin, however are found on the surface of B & T cells respectively. They bind to a specific antigen.
Epitope - this is the secific part of an antigen that is recognised by an antibody or antibody receptor.

5. The myeloid lineage is responsible for the majority of the innate immune response?

True

False

The myeloid lineage consists of those cell types that react first to the presence of a pathogen.
Cells of the myeloid lineage include the granulocytes and agranulocytes.

Explanation

The myeloid lineage consists of those cell types that react first to the presence of a pathogen.
Cells of the myeloid lineage include the granulocytes and agranulocytes.

6. The Adaptive immune system reacts first to the presence of a pathogen within the body.

True

False

False, remember, the adaptive immune system takes much longer to be effective – at least 12 hours post infection; whereas the innate immune sytem can respond to a pathogen witin minutes of the initial infection

Explanation

False, remember, the adaptive immune system takes much longer to be effective – at least 12 hours post infection; whereas the innate immune sytem can respond to a pathogen witin minutes of the initial infection

7. What are the main functions of the lymphatic system?

Maintaining the bodies fluid balance

Facilitating lipid absorption in the small intestine

Trapping and retaining infectious agents, presenting them to the cells of the Immune System

All of the above

The lymphatic system has multiple functions, including maintaining the body's fluid balance, facilitating lipid absorption in the small intestine, and trapping and retaining infectious agents, presenting them to the cells of the immune system.

Explanation

The lymphatic system has multiple functions, including maintaining the body's fluid balance, facilitating lipid absorption in the small intestine, and trapping and retaining infectious agents, presenting them to the cells of the immune system.

8. Which of the following is referred to as a primary lymphoid organ?

Appendix

Bone Marrow

Kidney

Spleen

A primary lymphoid organ is one where lymphocytes are produced from immature progenitor cells. There are two such organs in the human body, the bone marrow and the Thymus.
Secondary lymphoid organs are where mature lymphocytes reside and from where the adaptive immune response is initiated. Secondary lymphoid organs include the spleen, lymph nodes, and accessory lymphoid tissue, such as the tonsils, appendix, peyer’s patches, MALT & GALT.

Explanation

A primary lymphoid organ is one where lymphocytes are produced from immature progenitor cells. There are two such organs in the human body, the bone marrow and the Thymus.
Secondary lymphoid organs are where mature lymphocytes reside and from where the adaptive immune response is initiated. Secondary lymphoid organs include the spleen, lymph nodes, and accessory lymphoid tissue, such as the tonsils, appendix, peyer’s patches, MALT & GALT.

9. Which term best describes the effect of a cytokine, which acts via the bloodstream on distant cells?

Autocrine

Endocrine

Paracrine

Tyranasorusrex

Autocrine cytokines act on the same cell that produce them
Paracrine cytokines act cells adjacent to the one that produced them
Tyranasorusrex is a type of dinosaur that was an apex pretty predator who would have probably enjoyed eating me and you for breakfast...good guess though

Explanation

Autocrine cytokines act on the same cell that produce them
Paracrine cytokines act cells adjacent to the one that produced them
Tyranasorusrex is a type of dinosaur that was an apex pretty predator who would have probably enjoyed eating me and you for breakfast...good guess though

10. To which part of the immune system do Dendritic cells belong?

The adaptive immune system

The innate immune system

Both

None of the above

The dendritic cells are the only cells of the immune system to bridge both the innate and adaptive immune system

Explanation

The dendritic cells are the only cells of the immune system to bridge both the innate and adaptive immune system

11. To which part of the immune system does the complement system of proteins belong?

The adaptive immune Sytem

The innate immune system

The complement system of proteins belongs to the innate immune system. This system consists of a group of proteins that work together to enhance the immune response, including inflammation and the destruction of pathogens. The adaptive immune system, on the other hand, is responsible for the specific recognition and elimination of pathogens through the production of antibodies.

Explanation

The complement system of proteins belongs to the innate immune system. This system consists of a group of proteins that work together to enhance the immune response, including inflammation and the destruction of pathogens. The adaptive immune system, on the other hand, is responsible for the specific recognition and elimination of pathogens through the production of antibodies.