Quiz 2 Introduction To Psychology

Developmental psychology is a specialization of psychology that focuses on studying changes in human behavior that occur throughout a person's lifespan. This field investigates how individuals develop physically, cognitively, and emotionally as they age. It explores the influences of genetics, environment, and social interactions on human development. By understanding the changes that occur at different stages of life, developmental psychologists can gain insights into the factors that shape human behavior and contribute to individual differences.

Sigmund Freud is the correct answer because he is known for his theory of psychoanalysis, which emphasized the role of the unconscious mind in shaping human behavior. Freud believed that unconscious drives and urges, such as sexual and aggressive instincts, greatly influence our thoughts, emotions, and actions. He argued that these unconscious forces often conflict with conscious rationality, leading to psychological distress and mental disorders. Freud's ideas revolutionized the field of psychology and had a profound impact on our understanding of human behavior.

Abraham Maslow is the correct answer because he is the author of the Hierarchy of Needs. Maslow was a psychologist who proposed a theory of human motivation based on a hierarchy of needs. According to his theory, individuals have a set of basic needs that must be fulfilled in a specific order, starting with physiological needs and progressing to safety, love and belonging, esteem, and self-actualization. Maslow's theory has had a significant impact on the field of psychology and is still widely studied and applied today.

Cross cultural comparison would be the most appropriate research method in gathering information about the differences of personality between eastern and western children. This method involves comparing and contrasting the behaviors, attitudes, and characteristics of individuals from different cultures. By conducting cross cultural comparisons, researchers can identify any distinct personality traits that may be influenced by cultural factors and determine how these traits vary between eastern and western children. This method allows for a comprehensive understanding of the cultural differences in personality and provides insights into the impact of culture on individual development.

Wilhelm Wundt used introspection as a method to break down the contents of a person's conscious experience. Introspection involves self-observation and reflection, where individuals are asked to describe their thoughts, feelings, and sensations in response to certain stimuli. Wundt believed that by analyzing these subjective experiences, he could gain insight into the structure and elements of consciousness. This method allowed him to study the mind and its processes in a systematic and scientific manner.

Aristotle's definition of psychology is the study of the soul. In ancient Greek philosophy, the soul was believed to be the essence of a person's being, encompassing their thoughts, emotions, and desires. Aristotle viewed psychology as the study of these mental processes and how they relate to behavior. He believed that understanding the soul was essential for understanding human behavior and the nature of the mind. This definition differs from modern psychology, which focuses more on the study of behavior and cognitive processes.

Max Wertheimer is the correct answer because he was one of the founders of Gestalt psychology, along with Wolfgang Köhler and Kurt Koffka. Wertheimer conducted experiments that explored the perception of motion and the phi phenomenon, which is the illusion of perceiving continuous motion when presented with a rapid succession of still images. His work in Gestalt psychology emphasized the importance of studying perception as a whole rather than breaking it down into individual elements.

Carl Rogers' theory that "Human Beings are Basically Good" suggests that the inherent nature of humans is to grow and survive. This means that individuals have an innate drive to develop and improve themselves, as well as to adapt to their environment in order to ensure their survival. According to Rogers, humans have a natural tendency to strive for personal growth and fulfillment, and this drive is essential to their overall well-being and functioning.

BF Skinner is the correct answer because he was a behaviorist who extensively studied and utilized the concept of reinforcement in shaping behaviors. He conducted experiments with pigeons, mice, and humans to demonstrate the effects of positive and negative reinforcement on behavior. Skinner's work contributed significantly to the field of behaviorism and his principles are still widely used in psychology and education today.

Edward B. Tichener is the correct answer because he was a psychologist who played a significant role in bringing Structuralism to the United States of America. Structuralism is a psychological theory that focuses on the analysis of the basic elements of consciousness and how they combine to form complex mental experiences. Tichener, a student of Wilhelm Wundt, established the first psychology laboratory in the United States and introduced Structuralism to American psychology. He emphasized the importance of introspection and believed that conscious experience could be broken down into smaller components.

Yellow bile is the body fluid responsible for a person's slow response. In ancient medical theory, yellow bile was believed to be one of the four humors or bodily fluids that influenced a person's temperament and health. It was associated with the element of fire and was believed to cause aggression, irritability, and a slow response. This concept has been largely discredited in modern medicine, but the term "yellow bile" is still used metaphorically to refer to anger or irritability.