Q2 Bell Work Quiz (Intro)

When you spill a chemical, the first thing you should do is inform the teacher. This is important because the teacher is trained to handle such situations and can provide guidance on how to safely clean up the spill. Additionally, the teacher can take necessary precautions to ensure the safety of everyone in the room and may need to evacuate the area if the spill poses a significant risk. Pouring water on the spill may not always be the correct action, as certain chemicals can react with water and cause further hazards.

A positive ion is called a cation because it has lost one or more electrons, resulting in a net positive charge. This occurs when an atom loses electrons during a chemical reaction, leaving behind more protons than electrons. Cations are attracted to negatively charged particles and are often involved in chemical bonding and reactions.

The correct answer is "b) quantum". In quantum mechanics, an electron can only exist in certain energy levels. When it jumps from one energy level to another, it requires a specific amount of energy, known as a quantum. This energy is quantized and discrete, meaning it cannot take on any value but only specific values determined by the energy levels of the system. Therefore, the amount of energy required for an electron to jump energy levels is referred to as a quantum.

Cold water is the correct answer because it helps to cool down the burn and reduce pain. It also helps to prevent further damage to the skin by stopping the heat from spreading deeper into the tissues. Applying butter or baking soda to a burn can actually worsen the injury by trapping heat or causing an infection. Cold water is the recommended first aid treatment for thermal burns until medical help can be sought.

Sublimation is the process in which a solid directly changes into a gas without passing through the liquid state. This means that the correct answer is "solid to a gas".

The noble gases make up group 18 on the periodic table. This is because they have full valence electron shells, making them stable and unreactive. Group 18 is also known as the "noble gas group" or the "inert gas group" because of the noble gases' lack of reactivity.

Valence electrons are the electrons that occupy the outermost energy level of an atom. These electrons are involved in chemical bonding and determine the reactivity and chemical properties of an element. The outermost energy level is also known as the valence shell, and it is where the valence electrons are located. By being in the outermost energy level, these electrons are more easily involved in chemical reactions and can be shared, gained, or lost to form chemical bonds with other atoms. Therefore, the correct answer is "the outermost energy level."

Metals make up the majority of the elements. This is because metals are the largest category of elements on the periodic table and they include a wide range of elements such as iron, copper, gold, and silver. Metals are known for their high electrical and thermal conductivity, malleability, and ductility. They are commonly found in everyday objects and are essential for industrial processes and technologies. Nonmetals and metalloids are smaller categories of elements compared to metals, making up a smaller portion of the periodic table.

The D-block, also known as the transition metals, is made up of elements from Groups 3-12 on the periodic table. These elements are characterized by their ability to form stable complex ions and exhibit a wide range of oxidation states. They are known for their high melting and boiling points, as well as their ability to conduct electricity. Examples of transition metals include iron, copper, and gold.

Baking soda is the safest substance to use to neutralize an acid burn. Baking soda, also known as sodium bicarbonate, is a mild alkaline substance that can help neutralize the acidic pH of the burn. It can help to soothe the burn, reduce pain, and prevent further damage. Alcohol and strong bases should not be used as they can cause additional harm and irritation to the burn.

The f-orbital has the highest energy among the given options. This is because the energy of an orbital is determined by its principal quantum number (n) and the azimuthal quantum number (l). The f-orbital has a higher value of n compared to the s and d orbitals, resulting in higher energy. Additionally, the f-orbital has a larger size and more complex shape, which further contributes to its higher energy.

A physical property of an element refers to a characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the chemical composition of the substance. The boiling point of an element is a physical property as it represents the temperature at which the substance changes from a liquid to a gas state. It is a specific and measurable value that can be used to identify and distinguish different elements.

Atoms are mostly made of empty space. This is because atoms consist of a nucleus at the center, which contains protons and neutrons. The electrons orbit around the nucleus in specific energy levels. However, the size of the nucleus is extremely small compared to the overall size of the atom. Therefore, the majority of the space within an atom is empty, with the electrons occupying only a small fraction of it.

A mixture is a combination of 2 or more substances that are not chemically bound together. In a mixture, the substances retain their individual properties and can be physically separated. This is different from a compound, where two elements are chemically bound together to form a new substance with different properties. A mixture can consist of solids, liquids, or gases, and the components can be present in any proportion.

The oxidation number for Group 17 is 1- because Group 17 elements, also known as halogens, have a tendency to gain one electron to achieve a stable octet configuration. This means that they have a -1 charge when they form compounds.

Anions have a surplus of electrons. Anions are negatively charged ions that have gained one or more electrons. This results in an excess of negatively charged electrons compared to the number of positively charged protons in the atom. Neutrons, on the other hand, have no charge and do not contribute to the surplus or deficit of electrons in an atom.

The p orbital can contain a maximum of 6 electrons. Each p orbital can hold a maximum of 2 electrons, and there are three p orbitals (px, py, and pz) in each energy level. Therefore, the total number of electrons that can be accommodated in the p orbital is 6.

The correct answer is iron (II) chloride. This is because the Roman numeral II in parentheses indicates that the iron ion has a +2 charge. FeCl2 is a compound made up of iron ions with a +2 charge and chloride ions with a -1 charge. Therefore, the correct name for FeCl2 is iron (II) chloride.

A photon is a bundle of light energy. In physics, it is considered as the quantum of light and electromagnetic radiation. Photons are massless particles that carry energy and momentum. They exhibit both wave-like and particle-like properties, and they can interact with matter by being absorbed or emitted. Therefore, the correct answer to the question is photon.

The alkali metals are all part of group 1. This is because they all have one valence electron, which makes them highly reactive and eager to lose that electron to form a positive ion. Group 1 elements include lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium. These elements are all soft, shiny, and have low melting and boiling points. They are also highly reactive with water, and their reactivity increases as you move down the group. Therefore, the correct answer is 1.

The oxidation number of Group 15 elements is 3-. This is because Group 15 elements, also known as the nitrogen group, have 5 valence electrons. In order to achieve a stable electron configuration, they tend to gain 3 electrons to complete their outer shell, resulting in an oxidation number of 3-. This allows them to have a full octet and achieve a more stable state.

When an atom becomes a cation, it loses one or more electrons from its outer shell. This loss of electrons results in a positive charge, as there are now more protons than electrons in the atom. Therefore, the electron count of a cation has decreased compared to its neutral state.

Metalloids are elements that have properties of both metals and nonmetals. They are located on either side of the staircase on the periodic table, which separates metals from nonmetals. Therefore, the given answer "metals and nonmetals" is correct.

The trend for ionization energy across a period is that it increases. This is because as you move from left to right across a period, the number of protons in the nucleus increases, resulting in a stronger attraction between the electrons and the nucleus. This increased attraction makes it more difficult to remove an electron, thus increasing the ionization energy.

Isotopes of the same element have different numbers of neutrons. Isotopes are variants of an element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. This difference in the number of neutrons leads to variations in the atomic mass of the isotopes. The number of protons in an atom determines its atomic number and defines the element, while the number of neutrons affects the stability and atomic mass of the atom. Therefore, the correct answer is the number of neutrons.

ROYGBIV red = lowest frequency, longest wavelength, lowest energy
violet = highest frequency, shortest wavelength, highest energy

The minimum amount of valence electrons any atom can have is 1. Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom, and they play a crucial role in determining the chemical behavior of an element. Every atom wants to achieve a stable electron configuration, typically by having a full outer shell of electrons. Hydrogen, for example, has only one electron in its only energy level, making it the atom with the minimum amount of valence electrons.

The number 3.68040 has 6 significant digits. Significant digits are the digits that carry meaning in a number and indicate the precision of the measurement. In this case, all the digits from 3 to 0 are significant as they are not zero and contribute to the precision of the number. The trailing zero after the last digit 0 is also significant as it indicates that the measurement was made to that level of precision. Therefore, there are 6 significant digits in 3.68040.

it is the farthest to the left and up

density = mass / volume

gaining one electron will give the atom a 1- charge.
Group 17 has a 1- charge.

The group number on the periodic table tells you the number of valence electrons. Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom and are responsible for the chemical behavior and reactivity of an element. The group number indicates the number of valence electrons because elements in the same group have similar electron configurations. This information is important in understanding the bonding and chemical properties of elements.

Noble gases are all of these because they are normally gases at room temperature, meaning they exist in a gaseous state under normal conditions. They also have 8 valence electrons, which makes them stable and less likely to form chemical bonds with other elements. Additionally, noble gases are un-reactive or inert, meaning they do not easily undergo chemical reactions. Therefore, all of these characteristics apply to noble gases.

De Broglie stated that matter behaves as both waves and particles. This is known as the wave-particle duality theory, which suggests that particles, such as electrons and photons, can exhibit both wave-like and particle-like properties. De Broglie's hypothesis was supported by experimental evidence, such as the observation of diffraction patterns in electron beams, confirming the dual nature of matter. Einstein, on the other hand, made significant contributions to the theory of relativity and the photoelectric effect, but he did not propose the wave-particle duality concept. Dalton, known for his atomic theory, did not propose the wave-particle duality either.

# of protons never change in the atom

Electrons and neutrons are the two subatomic particles that can differ from one atom to the next of the same element. Electrons are negatively charged particles that orbit around the nucleus of an atom, and the number of electrons can vary in different atoms of the same element, resulting in different chemical properties. Neutrons, on the other hand, are neutral particles found in the nucleus of an atom. The number of neutrons can vary in different atoms of the same element, resulting in different isotopes with varying atomic masses.

The photoelectric effect refers to the ejection of electrons from a metal's surface when light shines on it. This phenomenon was first observed and explained by Albert Einstein in 1905. When light of sufficient energy (frequency) interacts with a metal, it transfers its energy to the electrons in the metal, causing them to be emitted. This effect is crucial in understanding the particle-like behavior of light and the concept of photons. The other options, "gold foil experiment" and "cathode ray tube experiment," are unrelated to the ejection of electrons by light.

The correct answer is Ca3(PO4)2. Calcium phosphate is composed of one calcium ion (Ca2+) and two phosphate ions (PO43-). Therefore, the formula for calcium phosphate is Ca3(PO4)2, indicating that there are three calcium ions and two phosphate ions in the compound.

Density is the correct answer because it represents the ratio of mass to volume. Density is a measure of how much mass is contained within a given volume. It is calculated by dividing the mass of an object by its volume.

answer has least sig digits = 2