Life Span Development Psychology Questions!

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  • 1/36 Questions

    Each gene contains instructions for specific proteins. What does a protein contain?

    • Amino acids
    • A gene series
    • A chromosomal pattern
    • At least one X chromosome
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About This Quiz

Explore the fundamentals of genetics and human development in this engaging quiz, focusing on genes, proteins, and genetic inheritance.

Life Span Development Psychology Questions! - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    Chromosomal abnormalities occur when a zygote's cells have:

    • More or fewer than the usual 46 chromosomes

    • Gametes with 46 chromosomes

    • The usual 46 chromosomes

    • The usual 46 chromosomes with damage to at least eight

    Correct Answer
    A. More or fewer than the usual 46 chromosomes
    Explanation
    Chromosomal abnormalities occur when a zygote's cells have more or fewer than the usual 46 chromosomes. This means that there is an abnormal number of chromosomes present in the cells, which can lead to various genetic disorders and health conditions. The usual number of chromosomes in a human cell is 46, with 23 pairs of chromosomes. When there are more or fewer than this normal number, it can disrupt the balance of genetic material and cause developmental issues.

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  • 3. 

    Each gene contains instructions for specific proteins. What does a protein contain?

    • At least one X chromosome

    • Amino acids

    • A gene series

    • A chromosomal pattern

    Correct Answer
    A. Amino acids
    Explanation
    Proteins contain amino acids. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins and are linked together in a specific sequence to form a protein. Each gene contains instructions for a specific protein, and these instructions are carried out by the sequence of amino acids in the protein. Therefore, the correct answer is amino acids.

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  • 4. 

    Brain damage, loss of vision, and mental retardation which may be caused by eating undercooked meat and handling cat feces or garden dirt is attributable to:

    • German measles

    • Toxoplasmosis

    • Syphilis

    • Lead or mercury pollution

    Correct Answer
    A. Toxoplasmosis
    Explanation
    Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic infection caused by Toxoplasma gondii. It can be contracted by consuming undercooked meat contaminated with the parasite or through contact with cat feces or contaminated soil. The infection can lead to brain damage, loss of vision, and mental retardation, especially in individuals with weakened immune systems or pregnant women. German measles (rubella) is caused by a virus and does not typically cause these symptoms. Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum and does not directly cause these specific symptoms. Lead or mercury pollution can cause neurological damage, but they do not specifically cause the symptoms mentioned in the question.

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  • 5. 

    X-linked diseases are more common for females than for males, because females have two X chromosomes.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    The statement is false. X-linked diseases are actually more common in males because they only have one X chromosome, so if they inherit a disease-causing gene on their X chromosome, they will develop the disease. Females, on the other hand, have two X chromosomes, so even if they inherit a disease-causing gene on one X chromosome, the other X chromosome may have a healthy copy of the gene, providing some protection against the disease.

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  • 6. 

    Given a set of quadruplets consisting of two girls and two boys, AT LEAST how many ova had to be fertilized?

    • One

    • Two

    • Three

    • Four

    Correct Answer
    A. Two
    Explanation
    To have a set of quadruplets consisting of two girls and two boys, at least two ova had to be fertilized. This is because each girl requires one ova to be fertilized to produce a baby girl, and each boy also requires one ova to be fertilized to produce a baby boy. Therefore, a minimum of two ova need to be fertilized to have the desired set of quadruplets.

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  • 7. 

    Alcoholism is caused by:

    • The influence of culture

    • A personality defect and weak moral character

    • Genetic and environmental factors

    • An addictive personality

    Correct Answer
    A. Genetic and environmental factors
    Explanation
    Alcoholism is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Genetic factors play a role in determining an individual's susceptibility to developing alcoholism. Some people may have a genetic predisposition that makes them more vulnerable to becoming addicted to alcohol. Environmental factors, such as growing up in a family or community where alcohol abuse is prevalent, can also contribute to the development of alcoholism. These factors interact and influence each other, leading to the onset of alcoholism in some individuals.

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  • 8. 

    Because most traits are polygenic, they are:

    • Constantly changing

    • Produced by many genes

    • Unaffected by the environment

    • The result of dominant genes

    Correct Answer
    A. Produced by many genes
    Explanation
    Most traits are polygenic, meaning they are influenced by multiple genes. These genes interact with each other to determine the expression of the trait. Therefore, the correct answer is that most traits are produced by many genes.

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  • 9. 

    Studies show that early skin contact between parents and newborns is not necessary for the development of a strong parent-infant bond.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    The explanation for the given correct answer is that studies have shown that early skin contact between parents and newborns is not necessary for the development of a strong parent-infant bond. While skin-to-skin contact can have various benefits for both the parent and the infant, such as regulating the baby's temperature and promoting breastfeeding, it is not the sole factor in establishing a strong bond. Other factors, such as responsive caregiving, emotional connection, and consistent nurturing, also play a significant role in fostering a strong parent-infant bond.

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  • 10. 

    A condition characterized by difficulties in movement and speech that results from genetic vulnerability and anoxia during birth is:

    • Cerebral palsy

    • Asperger syndrome

    • Fetal alcohol syndrome

    • Schizophrenia

    Correct Answer
    A. Cerebral palsy
    Explanation
    Cerebral palsy is a condition that is caused by a combination of genetic vulnerability and anoxia (lack of oxygen) during birth. This leads to difficulties in movement and speech. Asperger syndrome is a developmental disorder that affects social interaction and communication, while fetal alcohol syndrome is caused by prenatal exposure to alcohol and results in physical and cognitive impairments. Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by abnormal thinking and perception. Therefore, cerebral palsy is the most appropriate answer based on the given information.

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  • 11. 

    Some families have only male offspring generation after generation. Given the text information about genetics, which of the following could be the explanation?

    • The men produce sperm with healthy Y, but unhealthy X chromosomes

    • The men produce sperm with healthy X, but unhealthy Y chromosomes

    • The women produce ova with healthy Y, but unhealthy X chromosomes

    • The women produce ova with healthy X, but unhealthy Y chromosomes

    Correct Answer
    A. The men produce sperm with healthy Y, but unhealthy X chromosomes
    Explanation
    This explanation suggests that the reason for families having only male offspring generation after generation is that the men produce sperm with healthy Y chromosomes, but unhealthy X chromosomes. This means that when fertilization occurs, the Y chromosome is always passed on to the offspring, resulting in male offspring only.

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  • 12. 

    Monozygotic twins are produced when:

    • One ovum is fertilized by two sperm, which causes a split

    • Two ova are fertilized by different sperm

    • One ovum is fertilized by one sperm, but then splits to form two halves

    • Two ova are fertilized by a single sperm

    Correct Answer
    A. One ovum is fertilized by one sperm, but then splits to form two halves
    Explanation
    Monozygotic twins, also known as identical twins, are produced when one ovum is fertilized by one sperm, but then splits to form two halves. This process is called twinning or embryonic splitting. As a result, the twins share the same genetic material and are essentially clones of each other. This is the correct answer because it accurately describes the process of monozygotic twin formation.

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  • 13. 

    Phenotype is a result of:

    • Neither genetics nor environment

    • Genetics only

    • Both genetics and environment

    • Environment only

    Correct Answer
    A. Both genetics and environment
    Explanation
    Phenotype refers to the observable characteristics of an organism, such as its physical appearance and behavior. The answer "both genetics and environment" is correct because phenotype is influenced by both genetic factors and environmental factors. Genetic factors determine the inherited traits and predispositions of an organism, while environmental factors, such as nutrition, exposure to toxins, and social interactions, can also shape the phenotype. Therefore, the phenotype is a result of the interaction between an organism's genetic makeup and its environment.

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  • 14. 

    Imagine that eye color is determined by only one pair of genes and that brown eyes are dominant over blue eyes. If you are blue-eyed and both your parents are brown-eyed, you know that:

    • Both your parents are carriers for blue eyes

    • You were adopted

    • You have at least one gene for brown eyes

    • Both your parents are carriers for brown eyes

    Correct Answer
    A. Both your parents are carriers for blue eyes
    Explanation
    If you are blue-eyed and both your parents are brown-eyed, it means that you inherited a recessive gene for blue eyes from both of your parents. This suggests that both of your parents are carriers for blue eyes, meaning they have one dominant gene for brown eyes and one recessive gene for blue eyes. Since brown eyes are dominant over blue eyes, they express the dominant gene and have brown eyes themselves. However, they are carriers for the recessive blue eye gene, which they passed on to you.

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  • 15. 

    When the blastocyst separates into two distinct masses approximately a week after conception, the masses will become the:

    • Stem cells and the neural cells

    • Placenta and the embryo

    • Heart and the brain

    • Germinal cells and the fetal cells

    Correct Answer
    A. Placenta and the embryo
    Explanation
    After conception, the blastocyst is formed, which is a hollow ball of cells. Approximately a week after conception, the blastocyst separates into two distinct masses. One mass will develop into the placenta, which is responsible for providing nutrients and oxygen to the developing embryo. The other mass will develop into the embryo, which will eventually grow into a fetus. Therefore, the correct answer is placenta and the embryo.

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  • 16. 

    An individual with at least one X chromosome in the twenty-third pair:

    • Must be a boy

    • Might be a boy

    • Cannot be a boy

    • Is a girl

    Correct Answer
    A. Might be a boy
    Explanation
    An individual with at least one X chromosome in the twenty-third pair might be a boy because the determination of biological sex is not solely based on the presence of an X or Y chromosome. While typically, individuals with XY chromosomes are male and individuals with XX chromosomes are female, there are exceptions to this rule. Some individuals may have atypical chromosomal patterns, such as XXY or XO, which can result in variations in sexual development. Therefore, it is possible for an individual with at least one X chromosome to be a boy, but further genetic and biological factors would need to be considered for a definitive determination.

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  • 17. 

    The fetus begins to develop male sex organs if:

    • The Y chromosome sends a biochemical signal

    • The X chromosome sends a biochemical signal

    • The master signal from the Y chromosome overrides the X signal

    • No biochemical signal is received

    Correct Answer
    A. The Y chromosome sends a biochemical signal
    Explanation
    During fetal development, the presence of the Y chromosome triggers the release of a biochemical signal. This signal instructs the embryonic tissues to develop male sex organs. The Y chromosome contains genes that produce proteins responsible for the development of male characteristics. Therefore, when the Y chromosome sends this biochemical signal, it overrides any signals sent by the X chromosome and directs the fetus towards developing male sex organs.

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  • 18. 

    Males have a greater genetic vulnerability to harm by teratogens because they:

    • Are generally considered to be the weaker sex

    • Are spontaneously aborted less frequently than females

    • Tend to exhibit more behavior problems than females

    • Lack the protection of two X chromosomes

    Correct Answer
    A. Lack the protection of two X chromosomes
    Explanation
    Males have a greater genetic vulnerability to harm by teratogens because they lack the protection of two X chromosomes. Unlike females who have two X chromosomes, males have only one X chromosome and one Y chromosome. This means that if a harmful gene is present on the X chromosome, males have no backup copy to compensate for it. In contrast, females have two X chromosomes, so if a harmful gene is present on one X chromosome, the other X chromosome can often compensate for it. Therefore, males are more vulnerable to genetic harm caused by teratogens.

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  • 19. 

    An organism's entire genetic inheritance is referred to as its:

    • Phenotype

    • Gamete

    • Genome

    • Genotype

    Correct Answer
    A. Genotype
    Explanation
    The term "genotype" refers to an organism's entire genetic inheritance, including all the genes and alleles it possesses. It represents the genetic makeup of an individual, which may not always be expressed in the physical traits or characteristics (phenotype) that the organism exhibits. The genotype determines the potential for certain traits to be expressed, and it can be passed on to offspring through gametes, which are reproductive cells. The genome, on the other hand, refers to the complete set of genes or genetic material present in an organism.

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  • 20. 

    During the germinal period, the first task of the outer cells is to:

    • Divide as rapidly as possible

    • Implant in the uterus

    • Differentiate into different types of tissue

    • Find a permanent location in the ovaries

    Correct Answer
    A. Implant in the uterus
    Explanation
    During the germinal period, the outer cells of the embryo need to implant in the uterus. This is a crucial step for the embryo to establish a connection with the mother's blood supply and receive necessary nutrients and oxygen for further development. The implantation process involves the attachment of the embryo to the uterine lining, allowing it to grow and develop into a fetus.

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  • 21. 

    Fraternal twins usually result from:

    • One ova that split in half

    • Sperm from two different fathers

    • A zygote splitting during the first two weeks after conception

    • Two ova that were fertilized at about the same time

    Correct Answer
    A. Two ova that were fertilized at about the same time
    Explanation
    Fraternal twins usually result from two ova that were fertilized at about the same time. This means that two separate eggs were released by the mother's ovaries and each egg was fertilized by a different sperm. As a result, the twins are not genetically identical and can have different physical characteristics and traits. This is different from identical twins, which result from one fertilized egg that splits into two embryos.

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  • 22. 

    Because Lora is pregnant, she drinks only one glass of wine a day and smokes fewer cigarettes than previously. She should be told that:

    • Only her smoking may represent a risk

    • Each drug might intensify the effects of the other

    • This will definitely cause serious damage

    • She is taking careful precautions

    Correct Answer
    A. Each drug might intensify the effects of the other
    Explanation
    It is important to inform Lora that each drug, in this case, referring to alcohol and cigarettes, might intensify the effects of the other. This means that the combination of drinking alcohol and smoking cigarettes can potentially have a more significant impact on her health and the health of her baby than if she were only doing one of these activities. It is crucial for her to understand this potential risk and make informed decisions about her behavior during pregnancy.

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  • 23. 

    Cloning differs from giving birth to monozygotic twins because:

    • The process involves two living creatures developing simultaneously

    • The process involves removing a cell from one living creature and making it develop into another living creature

    • The process involves splitting the zygote in half to produce two genetically identical creatures

    • The process involves implanting the embryonic offspring of two creatures into one host

    Correct Answer
    A. The process involves removing a cell from one living creature and making it develop into another living creature
    Explanation
    Cloning differs from giving birth to monozygotic twins because it involves removing a cell from one living creature and making it develop into another living creature. In the case of monozygotic twins, the process involves splitting the zygote in half to produce two genetically identical creatures. Therefore, the process of cloning is different as it does not involve the natural splitting of a zygote, but rather the manipulation of cells to create a new organism.

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  • 24. 

    Molecules of DNA are referred to as:

    • Cells

    • Adenine

    • Genes

    • Chromosomes

    Correct Answer
    A. Chromosomes
    Explanation
    Molecules of DNA are referred to as chromosomes because chromosomes are structures made up of DNA molecules that contain genetic information. DNA molecules are tightly coiled and organized into chromosomes in the nucleus of cells. Chromosomes are responsible for carrying and transmitting genetic information from one generation to another.

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  • 25. 

    Mariel contracted rubella early in her pregnancy. Damage is most likely to affect the embryo's:

    • Eyes

    • Bloodstream

    • Breathing

    • Teeth

    • Arms and legs

    Correct Answer
    A. Eyes
    Explanation
    Rubella, also known as German measles, can cause various complications in pregnant women, especially if contracted during the early stages of pregnancy. The virus can cross the placenta and affect the developing embryo. The correct answer, "eyes," is based on the fact that rubella can cause congenital cataracts, retinopathy, and other eye abnormalities in the developing fetus. These eye defects can lead to visual impairments or even blindness in the affected child. Therefore, it is important for pregnant women to be vaccinated against rubella to prevent such complications.

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  • 26. 

    Approximately 99 percent of human genes are also present in other creatures. Given the percentage of genes we share with cats, for example, why are we so different from them?

    • Only humans possess chromosomes

    • Other animals have only 5,000 genes

    • Humanoid genes are absent in other species

    • Regulator genes that regulate genetic interaction determine the difference

    Correct Answer
    A. Regulator genes that regulate genetic interaction determine the difference
    Explanation
    Regulator genes play a crucial role in determining the expression and interaction of other genes. While humans and other creatures may share a high percentage of genes, it is the regulator genes that control how these genes are activated and interact with each other. These regulator genes can vary significantly between species, leading to differences in development, behavior, and other characteristics. Therefore, the presence of different regulator genes in humans compared to other creatures is a key factor in explaining why we are so different from them.

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  • 27. 

    A woman has just had twins, a boy and a girl. That means they came from:

    • One ovum fertilized by two sperm

    • Two ova fertilized by one sperm

    • A zygote that split into two

    • Two ova fertilized by two sperm

    Correct Answer
    A. Two ova fertilized by two sperm
    Explanation
    The correct answer is two ova fertilized by two sperm. This means that the woman released two eggs during ovulation, and each egg was fertilized by a separate sperm. This resulted in the conception of fraternal twins, one boy and one girl.

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  • 28. 

    Approximately how many genes are contained in the human genome?

    • 2.5 Million

    • 250,000

    • 2,500

    • 25,000

    Correct Answer
    A. 25,000
    Explanation
    The human genome contains approximately 25,000 genes. Genes are segments of DNA that code for specific proteins or traits. These genes contain the instructions for building and maintaining the human body. The number of genes in the human genome was initially estimated to be much higher, but further research has shown that the actual number is around 25,000. This number is relatively small compared to other organisms, such as plants, which can have tens of thousands or even hundreds of thousands of genes.

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  • 29. 

    The first hours and days of human development involve the processes of:

    • Division, multiplication, and specialization

    • Duplication, specialization, and progression

    • Duplication, division, and differentiation

    • Differentiation, division, and centralization

    Correct Answer
    A. Duplication, division, and differentiation
    Explanation
    During the first hours and days of human development, the cells undergo duplication, division, and differentiation. Duplication refers to the replication of the genetic material within the cells, ensuring that each new cell has a complete set of DNA. Division involves the splitting of cells into two daughter cells through processes like mitosis or meiosis. Lastly, differentiation occurs when cells start to specialize and take on specific functions, forming different types of tissues and organs in the developing embryo.

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  • 30. 

    Babies born between 23 and 26 weeks after conception often experience challenges such as cerebral palsy and developmental delays. By about the age of 8, the percentage of children who experience no overall disability approximates:

    • 10%

    • 15%

    • 20%

    • 30%

    Correct Answer
    A. 20%
    Explanation
    Babies born between 23 and 26 weeks after conception are considered extremely premature and are at a higher risk for complications. These complications can include cerebral palsy and developmental delays. However, by the age of 8, approximately 20% of these children are expected to have no overall disability. This means that the majority of these babies will still experience some form of disability, but a significant portion will not have any major impairments.

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  • 31. 

    Reed weighed 3.5 pounds at birth. Now an adult, he was surprised to learn from his physician that some risks associated with his birthweight persists. Specifically, he is still at a relatively high risk for:

    • Learning disabilities

    • Alcoholism and drug abuse

    • Obesity and heart problems

    • Schizophrenia

    Correct Answer
    A. Obesity and heart problems
    Explanation
    People who are born with a low birth weight, like Reed who weighed 3.5 pounds at birth, are at a higher risk for developing obesity and heart problems later in life. This is because low birth weight is often an indicator of poor prenatal nutrition and growth restriction in the womb, which can lead to long-term metabolic and cardiovascular issues. Therefore, Reed's surprise at still being at a relatively high risk for obesity and heart problems is justified based on his birthweight.

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  • 32. 

    Lee is an obstetrical nurse who is administering the Apgar. Which reaction should be rated as a 2?

    • Inactive or weak muscle tone

    • Slow respiration

    • Coughing or sneezing

    • Pulse of 90

    Correct Answer
    A. Coughing or sneezing
    Explanation
    Coughing or sneezing should be rated as a 2 on the Apgar scale. The Apgar score is used to assess the overall health and well-being of a newborn immediately after birth. It evaluates five different parameters: heart rate, respiration, muscle tone, reflex irritability, and color. Each parameter is assigned a score of 0, 1, or 2, with 2 indicating the best possible condition. In this case, coughing or sneezing indicates a strong reflex irritability, which is considered a positive sign and receives a score of 2.

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  • 33. 

    The proportion of all zygotes that have an abnormal number of chromosomes is about:

    • One-half

    • One-third

    • One-fourth

    • Three-fourths

    Correct Answer
    A. One-half
    Explanation
    The proportion of all zygotes that have an abnormal number of chromosomes is about one-half. This means that approximately 50% of zygotes have an abnormal number of chromosomes. This can occur due to errors in cell division during the formation of gametes or fertilization. Abnormal chromosome numbers can lead to genetic disorders and developmental abnormalities in the resulting individual.

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  • 34. 

    Identify the psychoactive drug that slows fetal growth the most:

    • Cocaine

    • Marijuana

    • Alcohol

    • Tobacco

    Correct Answer
    A. Tobacco
    Explanation
    Tobacco is the psychoactive drug that slows fetal growth the most. Smoking during pregnancy can have detrimental effects on the developing fetus, including reduced oxygen supply, decreased nutrient intake, and constricted blood vessels. These factors can lead to restricted fetal growth and development, increasing the risk of low birth weight and other complications.

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  • 35. 

    The critical factor in attaining the age of viability is:

    • Weighing at least 5 pounds (2.3 kg)

    • Surviving at least 28 weeks past conception

    • Having adequate brain development

    • Having functioning digestive and respiratory systems

    Correct Answer
    A. Having adequate brain development
    Explanation
    Having adequate brain development is the critical factor in attaining the age of viability. This means that the baby's brain has developed to a point where it can control basic bodily functions and respond to stimuli. Without adequate brain development, the baby would not be able to survive outside of the womb. Weighing at least 5 pounds, surviving at least 28 weeks past conception, and having functioning digestive and respiratory systems are important factors for a baby's overall health and survival, but they are not specifically related to the age of viability.

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  • 36. 

    Identify the accurate statement:

    • Each triplet is the genetic code for a human being

    • Every cell contains 46 pairs of genomes

    • There are four types of protein, symbolized as A, T, C, and G

    • A gene is a section of DNA that contains instructions for a particular protein

    Correct Answer
    A. Each triplet is the genetic code for a human being
    Explanation
    In genetics, a triplet refers to a sequence of three nucleotides (A, T, C, or G) that make up a codon, which codes for a specific amino acid or a stop signal in the genetic code. The genetic code is universal, meaning that each triplet codes for the same amino acid in all organisms, including humans. Therefore, the statement "Each triplet is the genetic code for a human being" accurately reflects this concept.

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Quiz Review Timeline (Updated): Nov 16, 2023 +

Our quizzes are rigorously reviewed, monitored and continuously updated by our expert board to maintain accuracy, relevance, and timeliness.

  • Current Version
  • Nov 16, 2023
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • Apr 05, 2009
    Quiz Created by
    Nursing_student
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