Inheritance Unit Quiz 2

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Inheritance Unit Quiz 2 - Quiz
About This Quiz

Inheritance Unit quiz 2 assesses understanding of genetic principles in plants and humans. Topics include reproductive cell production, dominant and recessive traits, and probabilities of genetic outcomes. This quiz is crucial for learners studying genetics.

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  • 2. 

    Sex cells are produced during

    • Mitosis

    • Meiosis

    • Fertilization

    • Binary fission

    Correct Answer
    A. Meiosis
    Explanation
    Meiosis is the process by which sex cells, such as sperm and eggs, are produced. During meiosis, the number of chromosomes in the parent cells is halved, resulting in cells with half the genetic material. This is important for sexual reproduction as it ensures that when the sperm and egg combine during fertilization, the resulting offspring will have the correct number of chromosomes. Mitosis is the process of cell division that occurs in somatic cells, not sex cells. Fertilization is the process of the sperm and egg combining, not the production of sex cells. Binary fission is a form of asexual reproduction in which a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells.

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  • 3. 

    Which processes of cell division creates genetic diversity?

    • Mitosis

    • Meiosis

    Correct Answer
    A. Meiosis
    Explanation
    Meiosis is the process of cell division that creates genetic diversity. During meiosis, the genetic material is shuffled and recombined, leading to the formation of genetically unique cells. This is achieved through the crossing over of genetic material between homologous chromosomes and the random assortment of chromosomes during the formation of gametes. In contrast, mitosis is a process of cell division that produces genetically identical cells, as it involves the replication and division of the genetic material without any shuffling or recombination.

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  • 4. 

    During prophase I, sections of homologous chromosomes switch places. What is this process called?

    • Binary fusion

    • Mutation

    • Crossing over

    • Cytokinesis

    Correct Answer
    A. Crossing over
    Explanation
    During prophase I of meiosis, homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic material through a process called crossing over. This process involves sections of the chromosomes breaking and rejoining with their homologous partner, resulting in the exchange of genetic information. This genetic recombination leads to genetic diversity among offspring and is an essential step in sexual reproduction.

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  • 5. 

    In humans the trait of having freckles (F) is dominant to not having freckles (f). Which genotype and phenotype are correctly paired?

    • FF—no freckles

    • Ff—no freckles

    • Ff—freckles

    • Ff—freckles

    Correct Answer
    A. Ff—freckles
    Explanation
    The trait of having freckles (F) is dominant, meaning that if an individual has at least one copy of the F allele, they will have freckles. The genotype Ff represents an individual who has one copy of the F allele and one copy of the f allele. Since the F allele is dominant, even having one copy of it will result in the phenotype of having freckles. Therefore, the genotype Ff is correctly paired with the phenotype of freckles.

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  • 6. 

    What process produces male and female reproductive cells in plants?

    • Mitosis

    • Meiosis

    • Replication

    • Fertilization

    Correct Answer
    A. Meiosis
    Explanation
    Meiosis is the process that produces male and female reproductive cells in plants. During meiosis, the number of chromosomes is halved, resulting in the formation of haploid cells called gametes. These gametes, which are the reproductive cells, contain half the genetic material of the parent plant. This reduction in chromosome number is important for sexual reproduction, as it allows for the fusion of gametes during fertilization to restore the full complement of chromosomes in the offspring.

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  • 7. 

    A pair of laboratory mice are crossed to obtain offspring. Three alleles found in the female gamete are ABC. Three alleles found in the male gamete are Abc. Which of these is a possible combination of alleles for the offspring produced by these mice?

    • AaBbCc

    • AABBCC

    • Aabbcc

    • AABbCc

    Correct Answer
    A. AABbCc
    Explanation
    In fertilization, each gamete contributes its alleles to the zygote.

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  • 8. 

    In guinea pigs, the allele for black fur (B) is dominant. A homozygous guinea pig (BB) is crossed with a heterozygous guinea pig (Bb).  What are the phenotypes of the parents?

    • Both parents have black fur.

    • Both parents have brown fur.

    • One parent has black fur, and the other has brown fur.

    • One parent has a mixture of black and brown fur, and the other has black fur.

    Correct Answer
    A. Both parents have black fur.
    Explanation
    When the allele for black fur (B) is dominant, a homozygous guinea pig (BB) will always express the black fur phenotype. In this case, one parent is homozygous for the dominant allele (BB), so it will have black fur. The other parent is heterozygous (Bb), meaning it carries both the dominant black fur allele (B) and the recessive brown fur allele (b). However, because the dominant allele is expressed over the recessive allele, this parent will also have black fur. Therefore, both parents have black fur.

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  • 9. 

    The allele for tasting PTC (T) is dominant to the allele for nontasting PTC (t). Which of these sets of parents can produce offspring who cannot taste PTC?

    • A heterozygous male who can taste PTC and a homozygous female who can taste PTC

    • A homozygous male who cannot taste PTC and a homozygous female who can taste PTC

    • a heterozygous male who can taste PTC and a heterozygous female who can taste PTC

    • A homozygous male who can taste PTC and a homozygous who can taste PTC

    Correct Answer
    A. a heterozygous male who can taste PTC and a heterozygous female who can taste PTC
    Explanation
    Two heterozygous parents carry the recessive allele, so there is a 25% chance that they would have offspring that would show the recessive trait.

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  • 10. 

    Which of these represents the number of chromosomes in cells before and after the process of meiosis?

    • N -> n

    • N -> 2n

    • 2n -> n

    • 2n -> 2n

    Correct Answer
    A. 2n -> n
    Explanation
    The correct answer is 2n -> n. This represents the number of chromosomes in cells before and after the process of meiosis. In meiosis, the number of chromosomes is reduced by half, so the cell goes from having 2n (diploid) chromosomes to n (haploid) chromosomes.

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  • 11. 

    In a species of fly, the allele for red eyes (R) is dominant to the allele for brown eyes (r). Red eye color in the flies is not sex-linked. Students crossed male and female flies that had red eyes and recorded the eye color of their offspring. Their data are shown below. Fly Offspring Eye Color Number of Offspring Red 77 Brown 27 What are the most likely genotypes of the parent flies?

    • RR and rr

    • Rr and Rr

    • Rr and rr

    • RR and Rr

    Correct Answer
    A. Rr and Rr
    Explanation
    The most likely genotypes of the parent flies are Rr and Rr because red eye color is dominant and the offspring includes both red-eyed and brown-eyed flies. This suggests that both parents must have at least one copy of the red eye allele (R) and one copy of the brown eye allele (r), resulting in a genotype of Rr.

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  • 12. 

    What results in the separation of chromosomes randomly and independently during the production of sperm and egg cells (meiosis)?

    • Binary fission

    • Crossing over

    • Independent assortment

    • Mitosis

    Correct Answer
    A. Independent assortment
    Explanation
    During meiosis, the process of independent assortment occurs, which results in the random and independent separation of chromosomes during the production of sperm and egg cells. This means that each pair of chromosomes aligns randomly during meiosis I, leading to a random distribution of maternal and paternal chromosomes in the resulting gametes. This process contributes to genetic diversity as it allows for different combinations of genes to be passed on to offspring. Binary fission is a type of cell division in prokaryotes, crossing over occurs during meiosis but is not the main cause of the random separation of chromosomes, and mitosis is a different process of cell division that does not involve the production of sperm and egg cells.

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  • 13. 

    One parent is homozygous dominant for brown hair (BB). The other parent is heterozygous for brown hair (Bb). What is the probability that the offspring will have brown hair?

    • 100%

    • 75%

    • 50%

    • 25%

    Correct Answer
    A. 100%
    Explanation
    The only possible combinations are homozygous dominant and heterozygous. In both cases, the offspring have brown hair.

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  • 14. 

    The allele for attached earlobes (e) is recessive to the allele for unattached earlobes (E). A woman with the genotype (Ee) and a man with the genotype (ee) have a child. What is the probability that the child is heterozygous for this trait?

    • 0%

    • 25%

    • 50%

    • 75%

    Correct Answer
    A. 50%
    Explanation
    Do a Punnet Square and you will see that the heterozygous (Ee) outcome is possible 50% of the time.

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  • 15. 

    A sperm cell of a fruit fly has 4 chromosomes. How many chromosomes are in the cells of a fruit fly’s leg?

    • 2

    • 4

    • 8

    • 16

    Correct Answer
    A. 8
    Explanation
    Sperm cells are haploid. Therefore the number of chromosomes is 1/2 that of the leg cell. To find the leg cell, we must multiply 4 by 2.

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  • 16. 
    In guinea pigs, the allele for black fur (B) is dominant. The allele for brown fur (b) is recessive. Two guinea pigs were crossed as shown in the Punnett square below. Numbers 1, 2, 3, and 4 represent the types of offspring produced from the cross. What is the probability that an offspring from this cross would have brown fur?   - ProProfs

    In guinea pigs, the allele for black fur (B) is dominant. The allele for brown fur (b) is recessive. Two guinea pigs were crossed as shown in the Punnett square below. Numbers 1, 2, 3, and 4 represent the types of offspring produced from the cross. What is the probability that an offspring from this cross would have brown fur?  

    • 0%

    • 25%

    • 50%

    • 100%

    Correct Answer
    A. 0%
    Explanation
    All the offspring will be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous. In both cases, the phenotype is black, not brown.

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  • 17. 

    A couple has several children. All of the children have attached earlobes because their parents' genotypes can only produce children with attached earlobes. The allele for unattached earlobes (E) is dominant, and the allele for attached earlobes (e) is recessive. Which of these are most likely the genotypes of the two parents?

    • Ee and ee

    • EE and ee

    • Ee and Ee

    • Ee and ee

    Correct Answer
    A. Ee and ee
    Explanation
    The only way the parents can produce 100% homozygous recessive offspring is if they also are homozygous recessive.

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  • Mar 21, 2023
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • Feb 21, 2010
    Quiz Created by
    Kath0915
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