Psyc 248, Learning And Memory
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Psyc 248 Review for Exam 1. Learning and memory early lectures.
- 1.An organism is born with
- 2.Learning is...
- A.
What an organism is born with
- B.
The permanent records that underlie this adaptation
- C.
The process of adaptation of behavior to experience
- 3.Memory is...
- A.
Refers to the permanent records that underlie this adaptation (begins when the brain can change)
- B.
What an organism is born with
- C.
The process of adaptation of behavior to experience
- 4.In the _______ perspective, event leads to a change in behavior
- 5.What does the learning perspective focus on?
- 6.What is memory perspective and what does it use?
- 7.The learning perspective uses____. Why?
- 8.Memory perspective uses____. Why?
- 9.Explain Associationistic Approach and when it is used
- 10.Circle the supporting item(s) of inhibition hypothesis (NOTE: there can be more than 1)
- A.
Forgetting conditioning
- B.
Stimulus-Compounding
- C.
Spontaneous Recovery
- D.
Acquisition
- E.
Disinhibition
- 11.Disinhibition effect is closely identified as...
- A.
Phase 1. tone --> shock+fear, Phase 2. Tone + light - shock, Phase 3. Light + buzzer - shock...light=conditioned inhibitor of fear
- B.
S-R view, stimulus-response, S-S view, stimulus-stimulus
- C.
A distraction, it's a general tendency to stop what you're doing with strong and unexpected stimuli (light+food-->saliviation....light-->salivation...BAM!!! salivation stops! unexpected stimulus!)
- D.
Phase 1. buzzer...light Phase 2. light ... food --> salivation (leads to light-->salivation) Phase 3. Buzzer... ? (salivation or no salivation?)
- 12.Stimulus-compounding experiments
- 13.S-R view is when __ (N, UCS, CS, UCR, CR) --> __
- 14.S-S view is when __ (N, UCS, CS, UCR, CR) --> __
- 15.Steps to Sensory Pre-Conditioning Experiment
- 16.Explain Konorski's (1948) second-order conditioning experiment
- 17.In Konorski's Second-Order conditioning experiments which type of learning is typically performed?
- A.
Stimulus-stimulus
- B.
Stimulus-response
- 18.In Pre-conditioning experiments, which type learning association is generally correct?
- A.
Stimulus-stimulus
- B.
Stimulus-response
- 19.Contiguity is best associated with which word?
- 20.Pavlov believed that in order to get conditioning you have to have the ___ and ___ occur at around the ____ time.
- 21.The modern view (Rescorla) believes that conditioning occurs, "If the __ predicts whether the __ will happen" and the ___ won't happen if not predicted by the ___. What is this called?
- 22._____ proves that you need both contingency AND contiguity to obtain conditioning?
- 23.Explain the phases of blocking effect and the conclusion
- 24.You get conditioning when ______ AND when _______.
- 25.What is the general conclusion about the blocking effect?
- 26.Operant conditioning is learning by _____ and ______.
- 27.Responses followed by good things in Operant Conditioning are ____
- 28.Responses followed by bad things are _____
- 29.Omission and punishment ____ probability of a response.
- 30.The box that has 4 parts (a, b, c, d) is called a ______ ____.
- 31.When a*d > b*c you have ____ contingency and ____ happens. When you have a*d=b*c you have ____ contingency and _____ happens. Lastly, when you have a*d
- A.
Negative, learning. positive, no learning. zero, negative learning occurs.
- B.
Zero contingency, no learning. positive, learning. negative, learning occurs.
- C.
Positive, learning. zero, no learning. negative, learning occurs.
- D.
Positive, learning. zero, no learning. negative, an uncertain outcome is expected.
- 32._____ reinforcer is learned, ____ reinforcer is something we already know or is often a "basic human need"
- 33.____ reinforcers only work if organism is aware they can be traded in/exchanged for _____ reinforcers such as food.
- 34.In Seligman's experiment on learned helplessness ____ dogs can turn shock off by pushing a panel while ____ dogs can do nothing to escape.
- A.
Yoked, control
- B.
Control, yoked
- 35.What happens if a control dog now cannot escape the shock, what happens?
- 36.____ _____ is when you can produce a list of words in ANY order
- 37.______ is when you demonstrate you have a memory by producing it
- 38.____ _____ is the term for producing a list of words in order
- 39.____ _____ is when you are given a hint that reminds you of the word or memory
- 40.What is the difference between autobiographical memory and semantic memory?
- 41.Savings in relearning equation
- 42.Standard theory of memory has ____ of encoding.
- 43.Any symbol in STS will be lost in around ___ seconds if it is not reactivated by ____. This is called the ____ hypothesis.
- 44._____ is a way to improve STS capacity by chunking symbols into one
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