Principles Of Biology Chapters 2 & 3 ((Continued))
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What are the subatomic particles?
About This Quiz
This is a continued version of the quiz Principles of Biology Chapter 2 & 3. I have added and re-wrote certain questions. Enjoy.
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- 2.
What are the levels of organization of living things?Hint: AMCTOOOPCEB
Explanation
The levels of organization of living things start with the smallest unit, which is the atom. Atoms combine to form molecules, which then make up cells. Cells come together to form tissues, which then make up organs. Organs work together in organ systems, which make up an organism. Multiple organisms of the same species make up a population. Different populations of organisms living in the same area form a community. Communities interacting with their physical environment create an ecosystem. Finally, all the ecosystems on Earth make up the biosphere.Rate this question:
- 3.
What is the term for atoms that are electrically charged as a result of gaining or losing electrons?
Explanation
Ions are atoms that have gained or lost electrons, resulting in a positive or negative electrical charge.Rate this question:
- 4.
The fluids of organisms are ______ solutions.
Explanation
The correct answer is "aqueous" because the term "aqueous" refers to a solution in which water is the solvent. In organisms, the fluids, such as blood and cytoplasm, contain various dissolved substances that are dispersed in water. These solutions are essential for many biological processes as water serves as a medium for chemical reactions, transport of nutrients, and removal of waste products. Therefore, it is accurate to describe the fluids of organisms as aqueous solutions.Rate this question:
- 5.
A ___ _____ is used to measure the hydrogen ion (H+) concentration in a solution.
Explanation
The pH scale is a measurement tool used to determine the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution. It ranges from 0 to 14, with 0 being highly acidic, 7 being neutral, and 14 being highly alkaline. The pH scale is logarithmic, meaning that each unit represents a tenfold difference in acidity or alkalinity. By measuring the pH of a solution, we can determine its relative acidity or alkalinity, which is important in various scientific and industrial applications, such as in chemistry, biology, and environmental monitoring.Rate this question:
- 6.
What does HONC stand for?
Explanation
HONC is an acronym that represents the first letter of each element in the given sequence: Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Carbon. This acronym is commonly used in chemistry to remember the four most abundant elements found in organic compounds.Rate this question:
- 7.
Hydrogen has ___ bond(s).
Explanation
Hydrogen has one bond.Rate this question:
- 8.
Carbon has ___ bond(s).
Explanation
Carbon has four bonds because it has four valence electrons. Each bond involves the sharing of one electron, so carbon can form four covalent bonds with other atoms. This allows carbon to form a wide variety of compounds and play a crucial role in the chemistry of life.Rate this question:
- 9.
The organic molecules that make up a cell are very large. What are they called?
Explanation
The organic molecules that make up a cell are referred to as macromolecules. These macromolecules are large in size and are essential for the structure and function of cells. They include proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids. Macromolecule is the singular form of macromolecules, but since the question asks for the term that refers to the collection of these molecules, the correct answer is macromolecules (plural).Rate this question:
- 10.
Mono means ____.
Explanation
The word "mono" is derived from the Greek word "monos" which means "one". In English, "mono" is a prefix that is used to indicate singularity or uniqueness. Therefore, the correct answer for the given question is "one".Rate this question:
- 11.
Poly means ____.
Explanation
Poly is a prefix derived from the Greek word "polys," which means "many." It is commonly used in English to indicate the presence of multiple or many things. Therefore, the correct answer to the question is "many."Rate this question:
- 12.
Oligo means ____.
Explanation
The word "oligo" is derived from the Greek word "oligos" which means "few" or "several". Therefore, the correct answer for the given question is "several".Rate this question:
- 13.
What is the name for the smaller molecules that are strung together to form polymers?
Explanation
Monomers are the smaller molecules that are joined together to form polymers. Polymers are large, complex molecules made up of repeating units of monomers. These monomers can be the same or different and are linked together through chemical bonds to create the polymer. Therefore, the correct answer is monomers or monomer.Rate this question:
- 14.
The functional groups of an amino acid are the _____ group and the _____ group.
Explanation
The functional groups of an amino acid are the amino group and the carboxyl group. The amino group consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms, while the carboxyl group consists of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and single-bonded to a hydroxyl group. These functional groups are essential for the formation of peptide bonds and the overall structure and function of proteins.Rate this question:
- 15.
The process by which covalent bonds between monomers and polymers are broken is called ______.
Explanation
Hydrolysis is the process by which covalent bonds between monomers and polymers are broken. In this process, water molecules are used to break the bonds, resulting in the separation of the monomers from the polymer. This is a common process in the digestion of food, as well as in the breakdown of complex molecules in various biological and chemical reactions.Rate this question:
- 16.
How many amino acids make up the proteins in the human body?
Explanation
Proteins in the human body are made up of 20 different amino acids. These amino acids are the building blocks of proteins and are linked together in various combinations to form different proteins. Each amino acid has a unique structure and function, and their arrangement determines the structure and function of the proteins they form. Therefore, the correct answer is 20.Rate this question:
- 17.
Starch, glycogen, and cellulose are called homopolysaccharides because they all consist of only one monosaccharide that repeats. What monosaccharide is it?
Explanation
Starch, glycogen, and cellulose are called homopolysaccharides because they are composed of only one type of monosaccharide, which is glucose. This means that the repeating units in these polysaccharides are all glucose molecules. Glucose is a simple sugar and is the primary source of energy for cells.Rate this question:
- 18.
Which dissolves in water, hydrophilic or hydrophobic?
Explanation
Hydrophilic substances have an affinity for water and can easily dissolve in it. This is because they have polar or charged molecules that can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules. On the other hand, hydrophobic substances repel water and do not dissolve easily. They are typically nonpolar and lack the ability to form hydrogen bonds with water. Therefore, hydrophilic substances are the ones that dissolve in water.Rate this question:
- 19.
Which does not mix with water, hydrophilic or hydrophobic?
Explanation
Hydrophobic substances do not mix with water because they are repelled by it. This is because hydrophobic substances are non-polar and water is polar. Polar molecules, like water, have a positive and negative end, which allows them to form hydrogen bonds with other polar molecules. However, hydrophobic substances lack these polar ends and cannot form hydrogen bonds with water molecules. As a result, they tend to aggregate together and separate from water, leading to a lack of mixing.Rate this question:
- 20.
Hemoglobin is a protein made of __ polypeptide chains.Hint: how many?
Explanation
Hemoglobin is a protein made of four polypeptide chains. Each hemoglobin molecule consists of two alpha chains and two beta chains, which are essential for its function in carrying oxygen throughout the body. The four polypeptide chains come together to form a complex quaternary structure, enabling hemoglobin to bind to oxygen in the lungs and release it to the tissues.Rate this question:
- 21.
What subatomic particle has no charge?
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Electron
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Neutron
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Proton
Correct Answer
A. NeutronExplanation
A neutron is a subatomic particle that has no charge. It is found in the nucleus of an atom along with protons, which have a positive charge. Electrons, on the other hand, have a negative charge and orbit around the nucleus. Neutrons play a crucial role in determining the stability and mass of an atom, as they help balance the positive charge of protons.Rate this question:
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- 22.
Which is the product?Ex.A+B ---> C
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A+B
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B
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A
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C
Correct Answer
A. CExplanation
The product in this equation is C. This is because the equation states that A+B is equal to C. Therefore, C is the result or the product of the addition of A and B.Rate this question:
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- 23.
What reaction is the process of larger things breaking down to smaller?Ex.C ---> A+B(L) (Sm)
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Anabolic
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Catabolic
Correct Answer
A. CatabolicExplanation
Catabolic is the correct answer because it refers to the process of larger things breaking down into smaller ones. In this reaction, a larger molecule C is broken down into smaller molecules A and B. Anabolic, on the other hand, refers to the process of building larger molecules from smaller ones. Therefore, catabolic is the appropriate term to describe the given reaction.Rate this question:
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- 24.
The ______ bond holds one water molecule to another water molecule.
Correct Answer
hydrogenExplanation
The hydrogen bond is the correct answer because it is a type of intermolecular bond that occurs between a hydrogen atom in one molecule and a highly electronegative atom (such as oxygen or nitrogen) in another molecule. In the case of water molecules, the oxygen atom in one water molecule is attracted to the hydrogen atom in another water molecule, creating a hydrogen bond. This bond is responsible for the unique properties of water, such as its high boiling point, cohesion, and surface tension.Rate this question:
- 25.
As the size of the carbohydrate increases it becomes (less or more) soluble.
Correct Answer
lessExplanation
As the size of the carbohydrate increases, it becomes less soluble. This is because larger carbohydrate molecules have more hydrophobic regions, which makes it harder for them to dissolve in water. Additionally, larger molecules have a higher molecular weight, which leads to stronger intermolecular forces and less solubility. Therefore, the correct answer is "less".Rate this question:
- 26.
What subatomic particle has a positive charge?
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Neutron
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Proton
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Electron
Correct Answer
A. ProtonExplanation
Protons are subatomic particles that have a positive charge. They are found in the nucleus of an atom along with neutrons, which have no charge, while electrons, with a negative charge, orbit around the nucleus. Protons play a crucial role in determining the atomic number and identity of an element, as the number of protons in an atom's nucleus determines its chemical properties.Rate this question:
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- 27.
What pH level makes a solution chemically neutral?
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Above 7.0
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Below 7.0
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7.0
Correct Answer
A. 7.0Explanation
A pH level of 7.0 is considered chemically neutral because it is right in the middle of the pH scale, which ranges from 0 to 14. A pH below 7.0 indicates acidity, while a pH above 7.0 indicates alkalinity. Therefore, a solution with a pH of 7.0 has an equal concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) and hydroxide ions (OH-), resulting in a balanced and neutral solution.Rate this question:
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- 28.
What are the 4 elements that are most prevalent in biology?
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Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon
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Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic Acids
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None of the above
Correct Answer
A. Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, CarbonExplanation
The 4 elements that are most prevalent in biology are hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon. These elements are essential for the structure and function of biological molecules. Hydrogen and oxygen are found in water, which is a crucial component of living organisms. Nitrogen is a key element in proteins and nucleic acids, while carbon is the backbone of organic molecules. These elements play vital roles in various biological processes, such as metabolism, DNA replication, and cellular respiration.Rate this question:
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- 29.
A _____ is a long chain of repeating subunits. Also known by being large molecules made by stringing together many smaller molecules.
Correct Answer
PolymerExplanation
A polymer is a long chain of repeating subunits. It is made up of many smaller molecules that are strung together to form a large molecule. Polymers can be found in various materials, including plastics, rubber, and even biological substances like DNA and proteins. They have a wide range of applications due to their versatility and can be synthesized or occur naturally.Rate this question:
- 30.
What functional group is Group B?
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Amino group
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Carboxyl group
Correct Answer
A. Carboxyl groupExplanation
Group B is identified as a carboxyl group. This is because a carboxyl group consists of a carbon atom bonded to both an oxygen atom and a hydroxyl group (-OH). In the given options, the carboxyl group is the only functional group that matches this description. It is commonly found in organic compounds such as carboxylic acids and plays a crucial role in their chemical properties and reactivity.Rate this question:
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- 31.
A ____ bond holds the monomers of polymers together.
Correct Answer
peptideExplanation
A peptide bond holds the monomers of polymers together. Peptide bonds are formed between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another amino acid through a dehydration synthesis reaction. This bond is crucial in the formation of proteins, which are polymers made up of amino acid monomers.Rate this question:
- 32.
Which subatomic particle is located orbiting outside of the atom's nucleus?
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Proton
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Neutron
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Electron
Correct Answer
A. ElectronExplanation
The electron is located orbiting outside of the atom's nucleus. It is a subatomic particle with a negative charge and is responsible for the chemical behavior of atoms. Electrons are arranged in different energy levels or orbitals around the nucleus, and they play a crucial role in bonding between atoms to form molecules.Rate this question:
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- 33.
If the polymer is a protein then the monomers are _____.
Correct Answer
amino acidsExplanation
Proteins are polymers made up of amino acids. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, and they are linked together through peptide bonds to form polypeptide chains. Therefore, if the polymer is a protein, the monomers that make up the protein are amino acids.Rate this question:
- 34.
The chemical process that forms the colavent bond that holds the monomers of polymers together is called _______.
Correct Answer
dehydration synthesisExplanation
Dehydration synthesis is the chemical process responsible for forming covalent bonds that hold the monomers of polymers together. During this process, water molecules are removed, resulting in the formation of a bond between the monomers. This reaction is essential in polymerization, where smaller monomers combine to form larger polymers.Rate this question:
- 35.
If the polymer is a nucleic acid then the monomers are _____.
Correct Answer
nucleotidesExplanation
The correct answer is nucleotides because nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, are composed of repeating units called nucleotides. Each nucleotide consists of a sugar molecule (ribose or deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base (adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine, or uracil). These nucleotides join together through phosphodiester bonds to form the polymer chain of a nucleic acid. Therefore, if the polymer is a nucleic acid, the monomers that make up the polymer are nucleotides.Rate this question:
- 36.
If the polymer is a carbohydrate then the monomers are ______.
Correct Answer
monosaccharidesExplanation
Carbohydrates are polymers made up of repeating units called monosaccharides. Monosaccharides are simple sugars, such as glucose or fructose, that are the building blocks of carbohydrates. Therefore, if the polymer is a carbohydrate, the monomers must be monosaccharides.Rate this question:
- 37.
What process is shown below?
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Hydrolysis
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Dehydration synthesis
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None of the above
Correct Answer
A. Dehydration synthesisExplanation
The process shown in the diagram is dehydration synthesis. Dehydration synthesis is a chemical reaction where two molecules are joined together to form a larger molecule, with the removal of a water molecule. In this process, a hydroxyl group (-OH) from one molecule combines with a hydrogen atom (-H) from another molecule, forming a water molecule as a byproduct. This reaction is commonly observed in the formation of complex carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids.Rate this question:
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- 38.
What are the levels of classification of living things? (List them in order)Hint: What does King Philip do?
Correct Answer
Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus SpeciesExplanation
The levels of classification of living things, listed in order, are Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species. This is often remembered using the mnemonic "King Philip came over for good soup." Each level represents a progressively more specific grouping of organisms based on their shared characteristics. The highest level, Domain, categorizes organisms based on their cellular structure, while the lowest level, Species, distinguishes individual organisms based on their ability to reproduce and produce fertile offspring.Rate this question:
- 39.
What functional group is Group A?
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Amino group
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Carboxyl group
Correct Answer
A. Amino groupExplanation
Group A is identified as an amino group. Amino groups consist of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms. They are commonly found in organic compounds such as amino acids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Amino groups are important in various biological processes, including protein synthesis and enzymatic reactions.Rate this question:
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- 40.
Which is the reactant?Ex.A+B ---> C
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A
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B
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A+B
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C
Correct Answer
A. A+BExplanation
In the given reaction, A and B are the reactants that combine to form product C. Therefore, the reactants in this reaction are A and B.Rate this question:
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- 41.
What subatomic particle has a negative charge?
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Proton
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Neutron
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Electron
Correct Answer
A. ElectronExplanation
An electron is a subatomic particle that carries a negative charge. It is located outside the atomic nucleus and orbits around it. Protons, on the other hand, carry a positive charge, and neutrons have no charge. Therefore, the correct answer is electron.Rate this question:
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- 42.
What is the chemical compound that accepts hydrogen ions (H+) and removes it from a solution?Hint: above 7.0 on the pH scale
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Acids
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Bases
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Buffers
Correct Answer
A. BasesExplanation
Bases are chemical compounds that accept hydrogen ions (H+) and remove them from a solution. They have a pH above 7.0 on the pH scale. Acids, on the other hand, donate hydrogen ions, while buffers help maintain a stable pH by accepting or donating hydrogen ions as needed. Therefore, the correct answer is bases.Rate this question:
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- 43.
Which 2 subatomic particles are located inside the atom's nucleus? (multiple answers)
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Proton
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Electron
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Neutron
Correct Answer(s)
A. Proton
A. NeutronExplanation
The two subatomic particles located inside the atom's nucleus are the proton and the neutron. The proton carries a positive charge, while the neutron carries no charge. The electron, on the other hand, is located outside the nucleus in the electron cloud and carries a negative charge.Rate this question:
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- 44.
What are the 4 macromolecules that make up the cell?
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Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon
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Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic Acids
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None of the above
Correct Answer
A. Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic AcidsExplanation
Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids are the four macromolecules that make up the cell. These macromolecules are essential for various cellular functions. Carbohydrates provide energy, proteins are involved in structural support and enzymatic reactions, lipids are important for membrane structure and energy storage, and nucleic acids carry genetic information and are involved in protein synthesis.Rate this question:
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- 45.
What distinguishes one amino acid from another?
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R group (side group)
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Amino group
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Carboxyl group
Correct Answer
A. R group (side group)Explanation
Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, and what distinguishes one amino acid from another is its unique R group or side group. The R group can vary in size, shape, and chemical properties, which determines the specific characteristics and functions of each amino acid. The amino group and carboxyl group are common functional groups found in all amino acids, but it is the R group that gives each amino acid its distinct identity.Rate this question:
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- 46.
Which subatomic particle is involved with forming chemical bonds?
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Proton
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Neutron
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Electron
Correct Answer
A. ElectronExplanation
Electrons are subatomic particles involved in forming chemical bonds. They orbit the nucleus of an atom and are responsible for the interactions between atoms that lead to the formation of chemical compounds. Electrons have a negative charge and are involved in various types of chemical bonds, such as ionic, covalent, and metallic bonds. Their movement and distribution determine the chemical properties and reactivity of elements and molecules.Rate this question:
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- 47.
What is the chemical compound that releases hydrogen ions (H+) to a solution?Hint: below 7.0 on the pH scale
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Acids
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Bases
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Buffers
Correct Answer
A. AcidsExplanation
Acids are chemical compounds that release hydrogen ions (H+) to a solution, causing the solution to have a pH value below 7.0 on the pH scale. Acids are known for their sour taste and ability to corrode certain materials. They can be found in various forms, such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and citric acid. When acids dissolve in water, they dissociate into hydrogen ions and anions, making the solution acidic. Therefore, acids are the correct answer to the question.Rate this question:
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- 48.
What reaction is the process of smaller things built up into larger?Ex.A+B ---> C(Sm) (L)
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Anabolic
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Catabolic
Correct Answer
A. AnabolicExplanation
The given reaction represents the process of smaller things (A and B) being built up into a larger molecule (C). This process is known as anabolic. Anabolic reactions involve the synthesis of complex molecules from simpler ones, requiring energy input. In contrast, catabolic reactions involve the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones, releasing energy. Therefore, anabolic is the correct answer in this context.Rate this question:
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- 49.
What does water do when is freezes?
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Expand
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Condense
Correct Answer
A. ExpandExplanation
When water freezes, it undergoes a phase change from a liquid to a solid. During this process, the water molecules arrange themselves in a hexagonal lattice structure, which causes the molecules to become more spread out and take up more space. As a result, water expands when it freezes, which is why ice is less dense than liquid water. This expansion is responsible for the formation of ice crystals and the ability of ice to float on water.Rate this question:
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Feb 13, 2010Quiz Created by
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