Science Quiz: Fundamentals Of Physics

1. Definition of derived quantities:

Physical quantity that cannot be derived from other physical quantities.

Physical quantities that are derived from the combinations of base quantities through multiplication or division or both these operations.

Physical quantity with magnitude only.

Physical quantity that has both magnitude and direction.

The given answer is the correct explanation because it accurately describes derived quantities as physical quantities that are formed by combining base quantities through multiplication, division, or both. Derived quantities cannot be derived from other physical quantities and they are formed by manipulating the base quantities. This explanation aligns with the definition provided in the question.

Explanation

The given answer is the correct explanation because it accurately describes derived quantities as physical quantities that are formed by combining base quantities through multiplication, division, or both. Derived quantities cannot be derived from other physical quantities and they are formed by manipulating the base quantities. This explanation aligns with the definition provided in the question.

2. If a car is slowing down, the motion of the car can be described as:

Deceleration

Aceleration

Stationary

Velocity

When a car is slowing down, it means that its velocity is decreasing. Deceleration refers to the rate at which the velocity of an object is decreasing. Therefore, deceleration is the correct term to describe the motion of the car in this scenario. The other options, acceleration and velocity, are incorrect because they imply an increase in speed rather than a decrease. Stationary is also incorrect as it refers to an object that is not moving at all.

Explanation

When a car is slowing down, it means that its velocity is decreasing. Deceleration refers to the rate at which the velocity of an object is decreasing. Therefore, deceleration is the correct term to describe the motion of the car in this scenario. The other options, acceleration and velocity, are incorrect because they imply an increase in speed rather than a decrease. Stationary is also incorrect as it refers to an object that is not moving at all.

3. Energy possessed by an object due to its position or state:

Renewable energy

Kinetic energy

Thermal energy

Potential Energy

Potential energy is the correct answer because it refers to the energy that an object possesses due to its position or state. This type of energy is stored and can be converted into other forms of energy, such as kinetic energy, when the object's position or state changes. Examples of potential energy include a stretched spring, a raised object, or a compressed gas.

Explanation

Potential energy is the correct answer because it refers to the energy that an object possesses due to its position or state. This type of energy is stored and can be converted into other forms of energy, such as kinetic energy, when the object's position or state changes. Examples of potential energy include a stretched spring, a raised object, or a compressed gas.

4. Definition of accuracy:

Ability to respond quickly to small change in the value of a measurement.

Ability to register the same reading when a measurement is repeated.

The ability of an instrument to give values of measurement that are close to the actual value.

The difference between the real value and the observed value.

The given answer correctly defines accuracy as the ability of an instrument to provide measurements that are close to the actual value. Accuracy is important in ensuring that the measurements obtained are reliable and reflect the true value being measured. Instruments with high accuracy are able to minimize errors and provide more precise and trustworthy data.

Explanation

The given answer correctly defines accuracy as the ability of an instrument to provide measurements that are close to the actual value. Accuracy is important in ensuring that the measurements obtained are reliable and reflect the true value being measured. Instruments with high accuracy are able to minimize errors and provide more precise and trustworthy data.

5. Match the following:

Linear Motion

Uniform Motion

Non Uniform Motion

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6. Which of the following is NOT the vector quantity?

Energy

Acceleration

Weight

Force

Energy is not a vector quantity because it does not have both magnitude and direction. Energy is a scalar quantity that represents the ability to do work or cause a change in a system. It is measured in joules (J) and can be transferred between objects or transformed into different forms, but it does not have a specific direction associated with it. In contrast, acceleration, weight, and force are all vector quantities because they have both magnitude and direction.

Explanation

Energy is not a vector quantity because it does not have both magnitude and direction. Energy is a scalar quantity that represents the ability to do work or cause a change in a system. It is measured in joules (J) and can be transferred between objects or transformed into different forms, but it does not have a specific direction associated with it. In contrast, acceleration, weight, and force are all vector quantities because they have both magnitude and direction.

7. Definition of efficiency:

Capacity to do work

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but can be converted from one form to another.

The rate at which work is done or energy is transferred.

The definition of efficiency is the comparison of the useful work energy provided by a machine or system to the work energy applied to the machine or system. This means that efficiency is a measure of how effectively a machine or system converts the energy input into useful work output. It indicates the ratio of output energy to input energy, showing how much of the input energy is wasted or lost in the process. A higher efficiency value indicates that less energy is being wasted, while a lower efficiency value suggests that more energy is being lost in the conversion process.

Explanation

The definition of efficiency is the comparison of the useful work energy provided by a machine or system to the work energy applied to the machine or system. This means that efficiency is a measure of how effectively a machine or system converts the energy input into useful work output. It indicates the ratio of output energy to input energy, showing how much of the input energy is wasted or lost in the process. A higher efficiency value indicates that less energy is being wasted, while a lower efficiency value suggests that more energy is being lost in the conversion process.

8. A car starts off at 5m/s and accelerates at 4m/s² for 10s. What is its final velocity?

40m/s

55m/s

45m/s

34m/s

The car initially travels at a speed of 5m/s. It then accelerates at a rate of 4m/s^2 for a duration of 10 seconds. To find the final velocity, we can use the equation: final velocity = initial velocity + (acceleration * time). Plugging in the values, we get: final velocity = 5m/s + (4m/s^2 * 10s) = 5m/s + 40m/s = 45m/s. Therefore, the correct answer is 45m/s.

Explanation

The car initially travels at a speed of 5m/s. It then accelerates at a rate of 4m/s^2 for a duration of 10 seconds. To find the final velocity, we can use the equation: final velocity = initial velocity + (acceleration * time). Plugging in the values, we get: final velocity = 5m/s + (4m/s^2 * 10s) = 5m/s + 40m/s = 45m/s. Therefore, the correct answer is 45m/s.

9. Parallax error is an error that arises, when:

The scale of the measuring instrument does not start from zero.

The measuring instrument does not have zero scale.

The observer's eye is not in line to the scale.

Parallax error occurs when the observer's eye is not in line with the scale. This means that the observer is not viewing the measurement directly from the front, causing an error in the reading. When the eye is not aligned with the scale, the measurement appears to be shifted, leading to an inaccurate reading. It is important to ensure that the eye is properly aligned with the scale to avoid parallax error and obtain accurate measurements.

Explanation

Parallax error occurs when the observer's eye is not in line with the scale. This means that the observer is not viewing the measurement directly from the front, causing an error in the reading. When the eye is not aligned with the scale, the measurement appears to be shifted, leading to an inaccurate reading. It is important to ensure that the eye is properly aligned with the scale to avoid parallax error and obtain accurate measurements.

10. Negative acceleration is also known as ........................

Negative acceleration is also known as deceleration because it refers to the decrease in velocity or the slowing down of an object's motion. When an object experiences negative acceleration, it means that its speed is decreasing over time. This can occur when an object is slowing down, coming to a stop, or changing direction. Deceleration is the opposite of acceleration, which refers to an increase in velocity or speeding up. Therefore, negative acceleration and deceleration are synonymous terms that describe the same phenomenon of slowing down or decreasing speed.

Explanation

Negative acceleration is also known as deceleration because it refers to the decrease in velocity or the slowing down of an object's motion. When an object experiences negative acceleration, it means that its speed is decreasing over time. This can occur when an object is slowing down, coming to a stop, or changing direction. Deceleration is the opposite of acceleration, which refers to an increase in velocity or speeding up. Therefore, negative acceleration and deceleration are synonymous terms that describe the same phenomenon of slowing down or decreasing speed.

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11. ................. in experimental measurements are caused by unknown and unpredictable changes in an experiment.

Zero error

Systematic error

Parallax error

Random error

Random errors in experimental measurements are caused by unknown and unpredictable changes in an experiment. These errors can occur due to various factors such as fluctuations in environmental conditions, human error, or limitations in measurement instruments. Unlike systematic errors, which are consistent and predictable, random errors are inconsistent and cannot be eliminated completely. They can affect the accuracy and precision of the measurements, leading to variations in the obtained results. Therefore, random errors are considered as a source of uncertainty in experimental data.

Explanation

Random errors in experimental measurements are caused by unknown and unpredictable changes in an experiment. These errors can occur due to various factors such as fluctuations in environmental conditions, human error, or limitations in measurement instruments. Unlike systematic errors, which are consistent and predictable, random errors are inconsistent and cannot be eliminated completely. They can affect the accuracy and precision of the measurements, leading to variations in the obtained results. Therefore, random errors are considered as a source of uncertainty in experimental data.

12. 20000J of heat is used to increase the temperature of 500g of an object from 30^oC to 70^oC. What is the specific heat capacity of the object?

10000J/kgoC

1000J/kgoC

500J/kgoC

250J/kgoC

The specific heat capacity of an object is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of the object by one degree Celsius. In this question, 20,000J of heat is used to increase the temperature of 500g (0.5kg) of the object from 30oC to 70oC. To find the specific heat capacity, we can use the formula: specific heat capacity = heat energy / (mass * change in temperature). Plugging in the given values, we get: specific heat capacity = 20,000J / (0.5kg * 40oC) = 1000J/kgoC. Therefore, the specific heat capacity of the object is 1000J/kgoC.

Explanation

The specific heat capacity of an object is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of the object by one degree Celsius. In this question, 20,000J of heat is used to increase the temperature of 500g (0.5kg) of the object from 30oC to 70oC. To find the specific heat capacity, we can use the formula: specific heat capacity = heat energy / (mass * change in temperature). Plugging in the given values, we get: specific heat capacity = 20,000J / (0.5kg * 40oC) = 1000J/kgoC. Therefore, the specific heat capacity of the object is 1000J/kgoC.

13. A car traveling at 20m/s stops after a distance of 30m. What is its deceleration?

-1.254m/s2

-6.667m/s2

-8.554m/s2

-8.547m/s2

The deceleration of the car can be calculated using the formula: acceleration = (final velocity^2 - initial velocity^2) / (2 * distance). In this case, the initial velocity is 20m/s, the final velocity is 0m/s (since the car stops), and the distance is 30m. Plugging these values into the formula, we get: acceleration = (0^2 - 20^2) / (2 * 30) = (-400) / 60 = -6.667m/s2. Therefore, the correct answer is -6.667m/s2.

Explanation

The deceleration of the car can be calculated using the formula: acceleration = (final velocity^2 - initial velocity^2) / (2 * distance). In this case, the initial velocity is 20m/s, the final velocity is 0m/s (since the car stops), and the distance is 30m. Plugging these values into the formula, we get: acceleration = (0^2 - 20^2) / (2 * 30) = (-400) / 60 = -6.667m/s2. Therefore, the correct answer is -6.667m/s2.

14. Which of the following are TRUE about deceleration? (Answers MORE THAN ONE)

Gradient upward

The rate of change in velocity.

Derived Quantity

Rate of change of distance

Deceleration refers to the rate at which an object's velocity decreases. It is a derived quantity because it is calculated by dividing the change in velocity by the time taken. Therefore, the statement "the rate of change in velocity" is true.

Explanation

Deceleration refers to the rate at which an object's velocity decreases. It is a derived quantity because it is calculated by dividing the change in velocity by the time taken. Therefore, the statement "the rate of change in velocity" is true.

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15. If a car travels at a speed of 60m/s for 2 minutes, what is the acceleration of the car during that period of time.

Uniform

Zero

Increases uniformly

Decreases uniformly

The acceleration of the car during that period of time is zero because the question states that the car travels at a constant speed of 60m/s. Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity, and if the velocity remains constant, there is no change in velocity and therefore no acceleration.

Explanation

The acceleration of the car during that period of time is zero because the question states that the car travels at a constant speed of 60m/s. Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity, and if the velocity remains constant, there is no change in velocity and therefore no acceleration.

16. Which of the following is NOT applications of Archimedes' Principle?

Ships

Hydrometer

Hot air balloons

Submarines

Hydraulics jack

The hydraulics jack is not an application of Archimedes' Principle. Archimedes' Principle states that the buoyant force on an object submerged in a fluid is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object. Ships, hydrometers, hot air balloons, and submarines all involve the principle of buoyancy and the displacement of fluids. However, a hydraulic jack operates on the principle of Pascal's law, which states that when pressure is applied to a fluid in a confined space, it is transmitted equally in all directions. Therefore, the correct answer is hydraulics jack.

Explanation

The hydraulics jack is not an application of Archimedes' Principle. Archimedes' Principle states that the buoyant force on an object submerged in a fluid is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object. Ships, hydrometers, hot air balloons, and submarines all involve the principle of buoyancy and the displacement of fluids. However, a hydraulic jack operates on the principle of Pascal's law, which states that when pressure is applied to a fluid in a confined space, it is transmitted equally in all directions. Therefore, the correct answer is hydraulics jack.

17. The principle of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, but can be .......... from one form to another.

The principle of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, but can be converted from one form to another. This means that energy can change from potential to kinetic, from thermal to mechanical, or from electrical to chemical, among other forms. The total amount of energy in a closed system remains constant, even though it may change its form.

Explanation

The principle of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, but can be converted from one form to another. This means that energy can change from potential to kinetic, from thermal to mechanical, or from electrical to chemical, among other forms. The total amount of energy in a closed system remains constant, even though it may change its form.

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18. An object is said to move with ................... acceleration if its velocity remains constant.

When an object's velocity remains constant, it means that it is not changing its speed or direction. In this case, the object is said to have zero acceleration because acceleration is the rate of change of velocity. If the velocity is not changing, then the acceleration is zero.

Explanation

When an object's velocity remains constant, it means that it is not changing its speed or direction. In this case, the object is said to have zero acceleration because acceleration is the rate of change of velocity. If the velocity is not changing, then the acceleration is zero.

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19. An immersion heater is rated at 1500W. Calculate the time taken for water of 5.0kg to reach its boiling point if the initial temperature of water is 28^oC. Given c_water =4200J/kg^oC

126s

392s

1008s

504s

The time taken for the water to reach its boiling point can be calculated using the formula:

Q = mcΔT

where Q is the heat energy required, m is the mass of the water, c is the specific heat capacity of water, and ΔT is the change in temperature.

In this case, the initial temperature of the water is 28°C and the boiling point of water is 100°C. Therefore, ΔT = 100 - 28 = 72°C.

The heat energy required can be calculated using the formula:

Q = P × t

where Q is the heat energy, P is the power of the immersion heater, and t is the time taken.

In this case, the power of the immersion heater is 1500W.

Therefore,

1500W × t = mcΔT

1500W × t = 5.0kg × 4200J/kg°C × 72°C

Simplifying the equation gives:

1500t = 1512000

t = 1512000/1500

t = 1008s

Therefore, the correct answer is 1008s.

Explanation

The time taken for the water to reach its boiling point can be calculated using the formula:

Q = mcΔT

where Q is the heat energy required, m is the mass of the water, c is the specific heat capacity of water, and ΔT is the change in temperature.

In this case, the initial temperature of the water is 28°C and the boiling point of water is 100°C. Therefore, ΔT = 100 - 28 = 72°C.

The heat energy required can be calculated using the formula:

Q = P × t

where Q is the heat energy, P is the power of the immersion heater, and t is the time taken.

In this case, the power of the immersion heater is 1500W.

Therefore,

1500W × t = mcΔT

1500W × t = 5.0kg × 4200J/kg°C × 72°C

Simplifying the equation gives:

1500t = 1512000

t = 1512000/1500

t = 1008s

Therefore, the correct answer is 1008s.

20. Which of the following are TRUE about speed? (Answers MORE THAN ONE)

Scalar Quantity

Derived quantity

Rate of change of displacement

Rate of change of distance

Vector quantity

Speed is a scalar quantity because it only has magnitude and no direction. It is also a derived quantity because it is calculated by dividing the distance traveled by the time taken. Additionally, speed is the rate of change of distance, as it measures how fast an object is moving over a given period of time. However, speed is not a vector quantity because it does not have a specific direction associated with it.

Explanation

Speed is a scalar quantity because it only has magnitude and no direction. It is also a derived quantity because it is calculated by dividing the distance traveled by the time taken. Additionally, speed is the rate of change of distance, as it measures how fast an object is moving over a given period of time. However, speed is not a vector quantity because it does not have a specific direction associated with it.

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