Post Basic B.Sc Nursing Quiz Part 1: Core Nursing Concepts Review

Colostrum is the correct answer because it is the first secretion from the mother's breast following delivery. It is a thick, yellowish fluid that is rich in nutrients and antibodies, providing essential nutrition and immune protection to the newborn. It is often referred to as "liquid gold" due to its numerous benefits for the baby's health and development. Sequestrum, Lochia, and Leucorrhoea are not related to the first secretion from the mother's breast following delivery.

The correct answer is skin because the skin is the largest organ in the human body and is responsible for regulating body temperature. It contains sweat glands that produce sweat, which evaporates and cools the body. Additionally, the blood vessels in the skin can dilate or constrict to release or conserve heat, respectively. Therefore, a significant amount of heat is lost from the body through the skin.

The gynaecoid pelvis is considered the common ideal female pelvis. This type of pelvis is characterized by a rounded shape, a wide pelvic inlet, and a spacious birth canal. It is well-suited for childbirth as it allows for easy passage of the baby through the birth canal. The android pelvis is more common in males and is characterized by a heart-shaped pelvic inlet, while the platypelloid and anthropoid pelvis types have their own unique characteristics that may not be as well-suited for childbirth.

Pap smear is a screening test used to detect abnormal cells in the cervix, which can be an early sign of cervical cancer. It involves collecting cells from the cervix and examining them under a microscope. This test is not used to screen for ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer, or breast cancer. Therefore, the correct answer is cervical cancer.

Quickening refers to the first movements of the baby felt by the mother during pregnancy. It is usually described as a fluttering sensation in the lower abdomen and is a significant milestone in pregnancy. This occurs around 18-25 weeks gestation and is a reassuring sign of fetal well-being. Lightening refers to the descent of the baby's head into the pelvis, engagement refers to the baby's head entering the pelvis, and ballottement refers to the rebounding of the baby's head when it is tapped during a vaginal examination.

During pregnancy, a deficiency of folic acid can lead to neural tube defects. Folic acid is crucial for the development of the neural tube in the early stages of pregnancy, which eventually forms the baby's brain and spinal cord. Insufficient levels of folic acid can increase the risk of neural tube defects such as spina bifida or anencephaly. Therefore, it is important for pregnant women to ensure an adequate intake of folic acid through diet or supplements to prevent these complications.

The skin is the largest organ of the body. It covers the entire external surface and acts as a protective barrier against harmful substances, microorganisms, and UV radiation. It helps regulate body temperature, allows us to sense touch, pressure, and pain, and plays a role in the synthesis of vitamin D. The skin also plays a vital role in maintaining the body's overall homeostasis and acts as a first line of defense against infections and injuries.

The color of the skin is affected by melanin, which is a pigment produced by specialized cells called melanocytes. Melanin is responsible for determining the color of the skin, hair, and eyes. Bile pigment and Hb saturation do not play a role in determining skin color.

During stage 3 of labor, the placenta is delivered. This stage is also known as the "afterbirth" stage. After the baby is born, the uterus continues to contract, causing the placenta to separate from the uterine wall. The placenta is then expelled from the body through the birth canal. This stage typically lasts around 5-30 minutes.

The hypothalamus is responsible for regulating body temperature. It acts as the temperature regulating center in the brain, helping to maintain a stable internal body temperature. It does this by receiving information from temperature sensors throughout the body and initiating appropriate responses to either cool down or warm up the body as needed. The hypothalamus also plays a role in other important functions such as hunger, thirst, and sleep.

Postpartum hemorrhage refers to excessive bleeding after childbirth. Atonicity of the uterus is the most common cause of this condition. Atonicity refers to the lack of muscle tone in the uterus, which can lead to ineffective contractions and the inability to properly constrict blood vessels after delivery. This results in excessive bleeding. Other causes such as subinvolution (delayed return of the uterus to its normal size), birth injury, or puerperal sepsis (infection of the reproductive tract after childbirth) can also contribute to postpartum hemorrhage, but atonicity of the uterus is the most prevalent cause.

During pregnancy, it is normal for a woman to gain weight due to the growth and development of the baby, increased blood volume, and changes in body composition. The average recommended weight gain during pregnancy is around 11 kilograms. This weight gain is important for the health of the baby and the mother. It ensures that the baby is growing properly and provides the necessary nutrients for their development. Additionally, the extra weight gained during pregnancy helps to support the mother's body and prepare her for breastfeeding after delivery.

The correct answer is Epidermis. The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin. It acts as a protective barrier against environmental factors, such as UV radiation and pathogens. The epidermis also contains melanocytes, which produce melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color. Additionally, the epidermis is constantly renewing itself through a process called cell turnover, where new skin cells are formed at the bottom layer and gradually move to the surface, replacing old cells that are shed.

The pituitary gland is often referred to as the "master gland" because it controls the function of other endocrine glands in the body. It produces and releases hormones that stimulate or inhibit the secretion of hormones from other glands, such as the thyroid, adrenal glands, and ovaries/testes. This regulation of hormone production and release allows the pituitary gland to directly affect the function of other endocrine glands and maintain overall hormonal balance in the body.

Follicle-stimulating hormone (F.S.H.) is responsible for the growth and development of ovarian follicles. It stimulates the follicles in the ovary to mature and release an egg during the menstrual cycle. F.S.H. plays a crucial role in the reproductive system by regulating the production of estrogen and progesterone, which are essential for fertility and the menstrual cycle.

Sebaceous glands are responsible for producing sebum, an oily substance that helps lubricate the skin and hair. These glands are found all over the body, except in certain areas such as the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet. Therefore, the correct answer is "Both a and b" because sebaceous glands are not found in either the palms of the hands or the soles of the feet.

In an adult, the percentage of body weight formed by body water is approximately 60%. This means that around 60% of an adult's body weight is made up of water. This is an important fact as water plays a crucial role in various bodily functions such as maintaining body temperature, transporting nutrients, and eliminating waste products. It is essential to stay hydrated to ensure the proper functioning of the body.

Dr. R.H. Philpoter is credited with the discovery of the Partograph.

Rh incompatibility is a condition that occurs when the mother's blood type is Rh negative and the baby's blood type is Rh positive. This can lead to the production of antibodies in the mother's blood that can cross the placenta and attack the baby's red blood cells. As a result, the baby may develop jaundice, which can cause a yellowish or golden color in the amniotic fluid. Therefore, Rh incompatibility can be a reason for the golden color of amniotic fluid.

The correct answer is Anterio-Posterior. The female pelvis has a wider transverse diameter compared to the male pelvis, which is known as the Anterio-Posterior diameter. This diameter is important for childbirth as it allows the baby's head to pass through the birth canal. The Lateral and Oblique diameters are smaller in comparison. Therefore, the Anterio-Posterior diameter is the highest diameter of the female pelvis.

The correct answer is 30-35%. This means that approximately 30-35% of the total body fluid is composed of extracellular fluid (ECF). ECF is the fluid found outside the cells, including the interstitial fluid and the plasma. The remaining percentage of body fluid is intracellular fluid (ICF), which is the fluid inside the cells. This distribution of fluid is important for maintaining proper hydration and electrolyte balance in the body.

Pregnant women require additional calories to support the growth and development of their baby. According to the World Health Organization (W.H.O), an additional 300 K. Calorie intake is recommended for pregnant women. This is because the body needs extra energy to meet the nutritional needs of both the mother and the growing fetus. Consuming an adequate amount of calories during pregnancy is important for ensuring proper weight gain and overall health for both the mother and the baby.

The hazard of induction of labor with Pitocin is the rupture of the uterus. Pitocin, a synthetic form of the hormone oxytocin, is commonly used to induce labor. However, it can cause excessive contractions, which may lead to the rupture of the uterus. This can be a serious complication that requires immediate medical attention. It is important for healthcare providers to closely monitor the progress of labor and the mother's response to Pitocin to prevent this potential hazard.

Transcription is the process by which genetic information in DNA is copied into RNA. It occurs in the nucleus of the cell, where the DNA is located. The nucleus contains the necessary enzymes and proteins required for transcription to take place. Mitochondria, ribosomes, and cytosol are not directly involved in transcription. Mitochondria are responsible for energy production, ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis, and cytosol is the fluid portion of the cytoplasm. Therefore, the correct answer is nucleus.

Blood vessels are found in the dermis layer of the skin. The dermis is the middle layer of the skin, located between the epidermis (outer layer) and the subcutaneous tissue (innermost layer). It contains a network of blood vessels that supply oxygen and nutrients to the skin cells, as well as remove waste products. The presence of blood vessels in the dermis allows for the regulation of body temperature, as well as the healing of wounds and delivery of immune cells to the skin.

Bed rest is essential in pre-eclampsia because it improves blood circulation and decreases edema. Pre-eclampsia is a condition characterized by high blood pressure and damage to organs, usually the liver and kidneys, during pregnancy. Bed rest helps to reduce the strain on the cardiovascular system and allows for better blood flow to the organs. It also helps to decrease edema, which is the accumulation of excess fluid in the body. By improving blood circulation and reducing edema, bed rest can help prevent complications such as eclampsia and premature labor.

The skin performs various functions, including excretion of urea when the kidneys are impaired, synthesis of Vitamin D, and maintaining body temperature. However, the production of cerumen, which is the waxy substance found in the ear canal, is not a function of the skin.

Labour and delivery is the most difficult time to control diabetes during the maternity cycle. This is because the hormonal changes and stress associated with labor can cause fluctuations in blood sugar levels, making it challenging to manage diabetes effectively. Additionally, the intensity of labor and the need for medical interventions can further complicate blood sugar control. It is crucial for healthcare providers to closely monitor and manage blood sugar levels during this time to ensure the well-being of both the mother and the baby.

Pelvic-2 grip is used to assess the descent of the head in a pregnant woman. This grip involves placing the hands on either side of the lower abdomen, with the fingers pointing towards the pelvis. By applying gentle pressure, the healthcare provider can feel for the position and descent of the baby's head. This grip helps in determining the progress of labor and the position of the baby during childbirth.

Melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color, is secreted in the germinative layer of the skin. This layer, also known as the basal layer, is the innermost layer of the epidermis. It contains melanocytes, specialized cells that produce melanin. Melanin is then transferred to the other layers of the epidermis, including the granulosum layer, before reaching the outermost layer, the cornium layer. Therefore, the germinative layer is where the production of melanin begins, making it the correct answer.