Policy Issues Practice Quiz

Paul Gerin-Lajoie is considered the first ever Education Minister because he played a significant role in transforming the education system in Quebec, Canada. He introduced various reforms during his tenure from 1964 to 1966, including the creation of a Ministry of Education and the implementation of compulsory education for all children. His efforts focused on improving access to education, promoting French language and culture, and modernizing the curriculum. Due to his influential contributions, Paul Gerin-Lajoie is widely recognized as a pioneer in the field of education in Quebec.

The correct answer is "All of the above." This means that in order to receive teacher certification, one must complete a 4 year BEd program, have knowledge of the Quebec Education System, and complete the 12 teaching competencies to a satisfactory degree. This indicates that all three options mentioned in the question are necessary requirements for teacher certification.

The given correct answer is "heritage language program". This is because the question mentions the "Programme d'enseignement des langues d'origines" (PELO), which translates to "Program for teaching heritage languages". This program focuses on teaching children about their cultural heritage and language. Therefore, the term "heritage language program" accurately describes the PELO.

Jean Lesage initiated a series of changes in education with his election in 1960. He was the Premier of Quebec from 1960 to 1966 and played a significant role in modernizing the province. Lesage's government implemented various reforms in education, including the creation of the Ministry of Education, the expansion of the public school system, and the introduction of free education for all children up to the age of 16. These changes aimed to improve access to education and provide a better quality of education for the people of Quebec.

Durham, Parent, and Proulx all shared the same point of view regarding the secularization of the education system by law. This means that they agreed on the idea of implementing secularization in the education system through legal means.

Quebec funds its private schools at a rate of 50%. This means that the government provides financial support to private schools, covering half of their operational costs. The remaining 50% is typically covered by tuition fees paid by students or other private sources. This funding arrangement allows private schools to offer education options to students while also sharing the financial burden with the government.

The Magna Carta of Education, established in 1961, is an important law that set the groundwork for significant changes in education and society. It was the first major step undertaken by the government to address and reform the education system. This law aimed to provide equal educational opportunities for all citizens, promote quality education, and establish a comprehensive framework for the development of education in the country. The Magna Carta of Education played a crucial role in shaping the education system and had a lasting impact on society by prioritizing education as a fundamental right.

The Parent Commission, also known as the Royal Commission on Education, was established in 1961 by the government of Quebec. It aimed to address the issues of religious and linguistic tensions in the education system. The commission recommended a unified, secular administrative unit that would not favor any specific religious or linguistic group. This recommendation was considered too daring at the time, as it challenged the existing divisions and power dynamics in Quebec society.

The correct answer is Bill 22. This legislation was introduced by the government in response to pressure to go beyond the measures included within Bill 63. It required children to pass an entrance test testing their English proficiency at the age of 5 in order to attend English schools.

The Proulx Report is the correct answer because it is a policy paper that discusses the current situation of religion in Quebec schools. It recommends the secularization of the existing system by law and suggests revoking the religious status held by schools. This report provides an analysis and recommendations for addressing the role of religion in Quebec's education system.

Private schools, despite being privately owned, are still subject to the same rules and regulations as public schools because they play a crucial role in educating the public and are therefore considered to be in the public interest. These regulations ensure that all educational institutions, regardless of their ownership, meet certain standards and provide a quality education to students. By being subject to the same rules, private schools are held accountable for their actions and are required to meet the same educational standards as public schools.

At the time of the 1791 Constitution Act separating Upper & Lower Canada, education was considered a local responsibility. This means that the responsibility for providing education and overseeing schools fell on the local communities or municipalities rather than the government or religious institutions. The act allowed for the establishment of local school boards and gave them the authority to manage and fund education within their respective areas. This decision reflected the belief that education was best managed at the local level, allowing for more tailored and responsive approaches to the specific needs and priorities of each community.

Common schools were not protected by default by the law as of 1867.

The correct answer is "policy". This means that the state has implemented certain rules and regulations that the Church was unable to enforce. This could refer to various policies such as religious freedom, language policies, or even political policies that have had a significant impact on society. The state has the power to enforce and implement policies that can shape the overall direction and functioning of a country or region.

The Syndics Act of 1829 was responsible for making parish schools "financially viable". This means that the act introduced measures or provisions that allowed parish schools to be financially sustainable or profitable. The act likely provided funding, resources, or regulations that ensured the financial stability of parish schools, enabling them to continue operating and providing education to the community.

Curriculum knowledge refers to the understanding and awareness of the content and concepts taught in different grades or levels of education. It involves having a comprehensive knowledge of the curriculum, including the learning objectives, scope and sequence, and the progression of topics across different grade levels. By having curriculum knowledge, teachers are better equipped to plan and deliver effective instruction, as they can make connections between what students have previously learned and what they will learn in the future. This enables them to provide a more coherent and cohesive educational experience for their students.

Teacher's rights are not absolute, meaning they are not unlimited or unrestricted. Instead, they are subject to reasonable limits, implying that there are certain boundaries or restrictions placed on these rights. This suggests that while teachers have certain rights, such as freedom of speech or academic freedom, these rights may be limited or regulated in order to maintain a balanced and lawful educational environment.

By law, parents are allowed to participate in the Council of Commissioners, the governing body of the school board. Although they have a voice, it is important to note that they do not have any decision-making authority. Therefore, the statement that parents are allowed to participate in the Council of Commissioners but have no authority is true.

Quebec's cultural policy is characterized by interculturalism, which promotes the integration and interaction of different cultures within the province. Unlike multiculturalism, which emphasizes the coexistence of separate cultures, interculturalism encourages cultural exchange and mutual understanding. This approach recognizes the importance of cultural diversity while also fostering a sense of unity and shared values among Quebec's residents. Uniculturalism, on the other hand, would imply the dominance of a single culture, which is not reflective of Quebec's cultural policy.

Quebec's private school general profile is a French co-educational secondary school. This means that the school offers education in French language and admits both male and female students. It is not an English co-educational secondary, French male secondary, or English female secondary.

The maximum years a child could spend in elementary school is 7 years because elementary school typically starts at age 5 or 6 and goes up until grade 6 or 7. Therefore, a child could spend a maximum of 7 years in elementary school before moving on to middle school.

A collective agreement is a contract signed by the government, employers, and employees that outlines the working conditions of teachers for the next 3 years. It is called a collective agreement because it is a legally binding agreement that is negotiated and agreed upon collectively by all parties involved. This agreement ensures that the rights and responsibilities of both the teachers and the employers are clearly defined and provides a framework for resolving any disputes or issues that may arise during the specified period.

The explanation for the correct answer "True" is that Article 9 of the Canadian Charter's embedded clause states that all rights are subject to reasonable limits. This means that even though individuals may want to maintain education in school, their case may not hold up because their rights can be limited if it is deemed reasonable to do so. Therefore, those who want to maintain education in school do not have a case due to this clause.

The correct answer is "classes d'accueil". In French, "classes d'accueil" refers to a welcoming or reception class. In this context, it is a class specifically designed for children of immigrants to help them integrate into the regular education system. These classes typically last for one year before the students are transferred into the regular stream.

During the 1960s, French Canadians underwent a period of significant societal transformation where they challenged and rejected their existing belief system. This movement resulted in numerous changes across various aspects of their society. The term "rattrapage" refers to this process of catching up or making up for lost time, which aptly describes the French Canadians' efforts to reform and modernize their society during this period.

The explanation for the correct answer, "Moving Ahead," is that it aligns with the idea of progress and improvement. The question mentions that the first policy paper identified problems, and the second paper is expected to provide recommendations on how to solve these problems. Therefore, "Moving Ahead" suggests a forward-thinking approach and implies the intention to move past the identified problems towards a better future.

The correct answer is "Difficult, but not impossible." This answer suggests that while it is challenging to fire teachers, it is not entirely impossible. It implies that there are certain circumstances or procedures that need to be followed in order to terminate a teacher's employment. This could be due to tenure, union protections, or legal requirements that make the process difficult. However, it acknowledges that under certain circumstances, teachers can be fired.

The most important pedagogical and political issue in Quebec education is language. This is because language plays a crucial role in shaping the educational system and policies in Quebec. The province has a unique linguistic landscape, with French being the primary language. The issue of language in education relates to the preservation and promotion of the French language, as well as the integration of English language instruction. It encompasses debates about language immersion programs, bilingual education, and the balance between preserving cultural identity and fostering linguistic diversity. Overall, language is a central concern in Quebec education due to its significance in maintaining the province's cultural and linguistic heritage.

Alternative schools were created to provide private school opportunities, but they are considered public. This means that although they offer an alternative to traditional public schools, they are still funded by public resources and are open to all students, regardless of their socioeconomic background or academic abilities. These schools often have a specialized focus or teaching approach, but they are still accountable to the same regulations and standards as other public schools.

If private education were to be abolished in the province, it would lead to bankruptcy in the education system. This implies that private schools play a significant role in the financial stability of the education sector. Without the revenue generated by private schools, the province would struggle to fund and maintain a functioning education system, potentially leading to its collapse. Therefore, the statement "If we abolished private education in the province, education would be bankrupt" is true.

The correct answer is "HOW, WHAT". The sentence suggests that the focus has shifted to evaluating the method or process (HOW) rather than the subject or object (WHAT) being evaluated.

Teachers are not considered civil servants because they work for school boards, not the government. While they may be employed by public schools, their salaries and employment are typically governed by local school boards, rather than government agencies. Civil servants, on the other hand, are employees of the government who work in various government departments and agencies.

The explanation for the correct answer being True is that although school boards were still divided along denominational lines in the 80s, the development of a language-based system had begun through Bill 101. This suggests that while there may have been divisions based on religious affiliations, there was also a shift towards a system that focused on language as a defining factor in education.

The Act for the Establishment of Free Schools and the Advancement of Learning (1801) led to the boycotting of private English Protestant schools by the Catholics. This suggests that the Act may have introduced measures or policies that were unfavorable to the Catholic community, leading them to protest by boycotting these schools. The Act likely aimed to promote the establishment and advancement of free schools, but its specific provisions or implications may have been seen as discriminatory or disadvantageous by the Catholic population.

Bill 71 ensured the government's legal right to make regulations and changes to the curriculum. Prior to the Quiet Revolution, churches had control over the curriculum. However, after the revolution, the curriculum was decentralized and left up to schools. Bill 71 was likely introduced to centralize the curriculum and give the government the authority to regulate and make changes to it.

The statement suggests that when the government took control of the curriculum in 1979, it made it more centralized. However, it also gave teachers more autonomy by giving them ownership. This implies that both aspects, centralization and teacher autonomy, were present after the government's intervention. Therefore, the correct answer is true.

In 2001, the 12 professional teaching competencies were added to the BEd. This suggests that prior to 2001, these competencies were not included in the curriculum. The addition of these competencies in 2001 indicates a recognition of the importance of specific skills and knowledge required for effective teaching.

Even with 100% funding, schools can charge tuition. This statement is true because funding for schools typically covers only a portion of the expenses, such as salaries and infrastructure. Schools may still need to charge tuition to cover additional costs, such as extracurricular activities, equipment, or specialized programs. Additionally, some schools may choose to charge tuition as a way to maintain a certain level of quality or to offer unique educational experiences. Therefore, even with full funding, schools can still require students to pay tuition fees.

The correct answer is "RP not required at this level." This means that the Regimes Pedagogiques, or Basic School Regulations, were not implemented at the university levels. The question is asking for the year in which these regulations were implemented, but the correct answer states that they were not required at the university level. Therefore, none of the given years (1999, 1984, 1981) are correct.

Quebec supports private education more generously than any other Canadian province.

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Quebec came second to last among all provinces when adopting a law to make education mandatory for all students in 1943. This means that most provinces had already adopted such a law before Quebec did.

In September 1998, students in Quebec attended a non-denominational school board for the first time. This change in the education system was significant because it reflected the current society, which is diverse and multicultural. The shift towards a non-denominational school board meant that students from different religious backgrounds could attend the same schools and receive an education that was inclusive and unbiased. This change marked a milestone in Quebec's history and demonstrated the province's commitment to creating an inclusive and diverse educational environment.

The answer "everyone" is correct because education is a collective responsibility that involves various stakeholders. Teachers and principals play a crucial role in delivering quality education, while schools, school boards, and the Ministry of Education are responsible for providing the necessary resources and infrastructure. Students, parents, and society as a whole are also stakeholders as they contribute to the success of education through their support and involvement. Therefore, everyone has a financial and moral responsibility towards education.

The school board is responsible for all resources, educational services, and placement of resources. This means that they oversee the allocation of resources such as funding, textbooks, and technology, as well as the provision of educational services such as curriculum development and teacher training. Additionally, they are in charge of placing resources such as teachers and staff in the appropriate positions within the school system.

When teachers blatantly disregard rules to the point of being fired for it, they are displaying insubordination. Insubordination refers to the act of willfully disobeying or refusing to follow the instructions or authority of someone in a position of higher authority. In this case, the teachers are intentionally ignoring the rules set by their superiors, which ultimately leads to their dismissal from their positions. This behavior demonstrates a lack of respect for authority and a refusal to comply with established guidelines or protocols.

The bill that was called "The Educational Project" was introduced in 1979 and it aimed to transfer the responsibility of parental involvement from school boards to a new system. This bill brought about changes in how parental involvement was managed in schools, shifting the focus to a more comprehensive and collaborative approach between parents and educators.

Bill 3 is the correct answer because it was the initial bill that aimed to restructure existing school boards in order to reduce them. However, this bill was later revoked, implying that it was not successfully implemented or passed into law.

The current curricular reform suggests that there is an imbalance in the educational system, with too much focus on competency and not enough emphasis on knowledge. While competency is important, it is equally essential for students to acquire a strong foundation of knowledge in various subjects. This knowledge forms the basis for critical thinking, problem-solving, and overall intellectual growth. By prioritizing knowledge, students can develop a deeper understanding of concepts and apply them effectively in real-life situations.

Students are still institutionalized today because the education system is structured in a way that requires students to attend schools and universities. These institutions provide a formal setting for learning, with set schedules, curriculum, and rules. Students are expected to follow these guidelines and conform to the institutionalized education system. Therefore, the answer is "Yes".

The teacher was fired because of immorality, as denying the occurrence of the Holocaust goes against moral principles and is considered highly offensive and disrespectful. This behavior undermines the values of empathy, tolerance, and respect for historical facts, which are essential in an educational setting. By promoting such views, the teacher displayed a lack of moral judgment and violated the ethical standards expected from an educator.

In the early 1990s, there was an issue with drop-outs and school retention that arose as a result of Bill 71. To address this problem, a new round of curriculum reforms was introduced in 1997. This reform initiative was named "New Direction for Success."

The Regimes Pedagogiques, also known as the Basic School Regulations, were implemented at the collegiate level in 1984.

The 1970s were defined by expansion because this was a decade of significant growth and progress in various aspects. Economically, there was a rapid expansion of industries and businesses, leading to increased prosperity. Socially, there was an expansion of civil rights movements and cultural expressions, such as the feminist movement and the rise of disco music. Additionally, there was an expansion of technological advancements, with the development of personal computers and the birth of the internet. Overall, the 1970s were characterized by a period of expansion and forward momentum.

All of the listed acts and the BNA Act are related to religion. The French Regime refers to the period when France controlled Quebec and imposed Catholicism as the official religion. The Quebec Act, Royal Act, Fabriques Act, Syndics Act, Common Schools Act, and Education Act are all legislation related to the organization, funding, and regulation of religious education in Quebec. The BNA Act, also known as the Constitution Act, 1867, established the legal framework for the governance of Canada, including provisions related to religious rights and freedoms.

In 2005, all religion was removed from every school and replaced by ERC. This suggests that prior to 2005, religion was taught in schools but was later replaced by ERC (which stands for Ethics and Religious Culture).

The origins of the school boards are said to be found in the 1829 Syndics Act. This act established the first legal framework for the creation of school boards in England. It allowed for the appointment of syndics, who were responsible for overseeing the management and administration of schools. This act marked a significant step towards the establishment of a formal system of education and paved the way for the development of school boards as we know them today.

In 1997, the Bill 180 was enacted, allowing schools to have governing boards with a religious focus. This means that when school boards started to prioritize linguistic issues, schools had the option to prioritize religious matters through these governing boards.

Private schools' biggest expense is human resources because they need to hire and pay qualified teachers, administrators, and support staff. These professionals are crucial for the effective functioning of the school and ensuring a high-quality education for students. Additionally, private schools often offer competitive salaries and benefits to attract and retain top talent, which further adds to the cost of human resources.

Alternative schools can vary from the curriculum because they have the flexibility to design their own educational programs and teaching methods. However, they often choose not to vary too much from the curriculum in order to ensure that their students receive a well-rounded education and are prepared for standardized tests or college admissions requirements. By adhering to a curriculum, alternative schools can provide structure and consistency while still offering unique approaches to education.

The principal is legally responsible for the Individualized Education Programs (IEPs) of students. As the head of the school, the principal oversees the implementation of IEPs and ensures that the educational needs of students with disabilities are met. They work closely with parents, teachers, and special education teachers to develop and monitor the IEPs, make any necessary modifications, and ensure compliance with legal requirements. The principal also plays a crucial role in providing resources and support to teachers and staff involved in the implementation of IEPs.

The correct answer is Canadian Constitution (BNA + CCF) > Quebec Legislative Jurisdiction (Charter of Human Rights + National Assembly) > Regulations of Qc Govern > Educational Directives > By laws & resolutions. This answer is correct because it follows the hierarchical order of the education regulatory framework in Quebec. The Canadian Constitution, including the British North America Act (BNA) and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms (CCF), is the highest authority. The Quebec Legislative Jurisdiction, consisting of the Charter of Human Rights and the National Assembly, is the next level of authority. The regulations of the Quebec government come after that, followed by educational directives, and finally, the bylaws and resolutions.

Bill 180 of 1997 had the most impact in decentralizing control by creating Governing Boards. These boards would have the authority to make decisions and govern various aspects of the organization or institution. By creating Governing Boards, the power and control were distributed among different individuals or groups, allowing for a more decentralized approach to decision-making and governance. This would help in ensuring a more balanced and inclusive decision-making process, as well as promoting accountability and transparency in the organization or institution.

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The structural reform implemented by Lesage's government established the school years for all students, regardless of the school system, at 16 years. This means that students would be required to complete 16 years of schooling before finishing their education.

The correct answer is "tolerance." Tolerance refers to the act of accepting or allowing something that is not ideal or usual, such as hiring a teacher without a license as an exception for a school that urgently requires one. This exception is temporary and expires after a few years. Tolerance in this context implies flexibility and understanding of the unique circumstances faced by the school.

Section 28 of the 1989 Convention of the Rights of the Child deals with education. This section recognizes the right of every child to education and highlights the importance of free and compulsory primary education. It also emphasizes the need to make secondary education accessible and encourages the development of different forms of education to meet the diverse needs of children. Additionally, Section 28 promotes the importance of international cooperation in ensuring equal access to education for all children.

MELS's position in regards to students with special needs is not absolute and depends on the case. This means that MELS does not have a blanket approach to the integration of students with special needs, but instead considers each case individually to determine the best course of action. This approach recognizes that the needs and abilities of students with special needs can vary greatly, and therefore requires a flexible and individualized approach to ensure their inclusion and success in the education system.

The 1990s were defined by performance. This means that during this decade, there was a strong emphasis on achieving and demonstrating high levels of success and excellence. Whether it was in the fields of business, sports, entertainment, or any other aspect of society, there was a significant focus on delivering outstanding results and showcasing exceptional skills and abilities. The 1990s were characterized by a drive for performance and a desire to stand out and excel in various domains.

The Orientation Committee, created by Bill 107 in 1988, was established as a predecessor to governing boards. It aimed to involve parents in decision-making processes and give them a voice in educational matters. This committee was responsible for providing guidance and support to new students and their families, ensuring a smooth transition into the educational system. By requiring parents to sit on the committee, it ensured their active participation and representation in shaping the educational project.

The statement "MELS has no clear differentiated evaluation policy" is true. This means that MELS, whatever it refers to, does not have a well-defined or distinct policy for evaluating something. The answer is true, indicating that there is indeed no clear differentiated evaluation policy in place.

The given answer suggests that teachers consider teaching to be a profession, but the general public does not agree with this perspective. This implies that there is a difference in opinion between teachers and the public regarding the professional status of teaching.

The Council of Ministers in Education plays a crucial role in standardizing the country's education results to the best of their ability. This implies that they work towards establishing a uniform and consistent education system throughout the country, ensuring that the quality of education is maintained and standardized across different regions. By doing so, they aim to enhance the overall education outcomes and provide equal opportunities for all students. Their role does not involve advising the Minister or the CSE, as stated in the other options.

The MEQ, established in 1964, changed its name to MELS in the year 2005.

In 1995, the 3 year program BEd became a 4 year program, which resulted in an increase in the number of stages but the removal of probation after graduation. This change allowed for a more comprehensive and in-depth education for aspiring educators, ensuring that they are well-prepared for their careers without the need for a probationary period.

In 1988, Canada enacted its first multiculturalism law under Mulroney. This law aimed to promote and preserve the cultural diversity of the country, recognizing that Canada is a multicultural society. It was a significant step towards embracing and celebrating the various cultural backgrounds and traditions of Canadians, and it helped shape Canada's identity as a diverse and inclusive nation.

In 1997, the major curricular elements of the QEP that were not renewed were the cross curricular competencies becoming comments. This means that the QEP no longer emphasized the development of cross curricular competencies, but instead focused on providing comments or feedback on the students' performance in different areas. This change may have been made to shift the focus towards more specific and measurable objectives, rather than the broader cross curricular approach.

Canada's multiculturalism policy within a bilingual framework was established in 1971. This policy aimed to recognize and celebrate the diversity of cultures within Canada while also promoting bilingualism. It was an important step towards fostering inclusivity and equality for all Canadians, regardless of their cultural background. The policy has since played a significant role in shaping Canada's identity as a multicultural and bilingual nation.

The question is asking for the name of the policy paper that identified the main curriculum problems before the 1997 New Direction for Success reform. Out of the given options, "Joining Forces" is the most suitable answer as it suggests collaboration and working together to address the identified problems in the curriculum.

In 1964, the government officially created Bill 60, which led to the establishment of the Ministère de l'Éducation du Québec (MEQ) and the Commission scolaire de l'Éducation (CSE). Therefore, the correct answer is MEQ & CSE.

The focus point of the 1990s curriculum reform was "renewal". This suggests that the main objective of the reform was to refresh or update the existing curriculum. It implies that the curriculum was considered outdated or in need of improvement, and the reform aimed to bring about a sense of newness and modernization. The word "renewal" indicates a deliberate effort to make changes and enhance the curriculum to better meet the needs of students and align with current educational practices.

The 70s were characterized by an ever-increasing linguistic nationalism. This decade saw a rise in the importance placed on preserving and promoting national languages. Many countries implemented policies and initiatives to protect their native languages, emphasizing their cultural identity and heritage. This linguistic nationalism was a response to globalization and the fear of losing cultural diversity and uniqueness.

The 1960s were defined by expression because this decade was marked by a cultural revolution and a desire for individual freedom. During this time, people expressed themselves through various means such as music, fashion, art, and political activism. The counterculture movement, civil rights movement, and feminist movement all emerged during this period, highlighting the importance of self-expression and challenging societal norms. Additionally, the rise of pop art and psychedelic art reflected a desire to break free from traditional artistic conventions. Overall, the 1960s were a time of immense expression and a rejection of the status quo.

The Regimes Pedagogiques, also known as the Basic School Regulations, were implemented in 1981 at the elementary and secondary levels. This means that the regulations were put in place to govern the educational system in these levels starting from that year.

The 1950s were defined by socialization. This refers to the process of individuals adapting to and becoming integrated into society. During this time period, there was a strong emphasis on conformity and fitting into societal norms. This can be seen in the rise of suburbanization, the baby boom, and the dominant cultural values of the time. The 1950s were characterized by a focus on community, family, and traditional gender roles, all of which contributed to a sense of socialization and conformity in society.

The correct answer is "contraction." The 1980s were defined by a period of economic contraction, characterized by a slowdown in economic growth and a decrease in business activity. This was a result of various factors such as high inflation rates, tighter monetary policies, and a decline in consumer spending. The contractionary period of the 1980s had significant impacts on industries, employment rates, and overall economic stability.

MELS does not recognize all coded categories. The correct answer is False.

The Royal Commission on Bilingualism & Biculturalism was established in 1963.