Phlebotomy Essentials 4th Edition, Chap 4 Study Guide

The term "arteri/o" refers to arteries, which are blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body. The other options, such as aorta, air, and arm, are not directly related to the term "arteri/o" and do not specifically refer to arteries. Therefore, the correct answer is artery.

The term "cardi/o" refers to the heart. In the given options, "cartilage" does not relate to the heart, "rapid" and "attack" are not specific to the heart, but "heart" directly corresponds to the term "cardi/o". Therefore, "heart" is the correct answer.

Medical terminology is used by healthcare professionals to speak, write, and be precise. Speaking in medical terminology allows professionals to communicate effectively with colleagues and patients, ensuring clear and accurate information exchange. Writing in medical terminology ensures that medical records and reports are standardized and easily understood by other healthcare professionals. Being precise in medical terminology helps to eliminate ambiguity and confusion, ensuring accurate diagnosis, treatment, and communication. Therefore, the correct answer is "All of above."

The prefix "micro-" means small or tiny. It is commonly used to indicate something on a very small scale or level of detail. In this context, "micro-" is the correct answer as it matches the given word "small". The other options, such as "macro-", "mono-", and "mal-", do not have the same meaning and are therefore incorrect.

The given answer "ae" is a plural ending that is used for certain words. It is commonly used when the singular form of a word ends in "-a". In the plural form, the "-a" is changed to "-ae". This plural ending is often seen in Latin-derived words, such as "alumna" becoming "alumnae" in the plural form. Therefore, "ae" is a correct plural ending according to the given information.

The given correct answer "es" is a plural ending that is used for certain nouns in English. When a noun ends in a consonant followed by a vowel and then "y," the plural form is created by changing the "y" to "i" and adding "es" at the end. This rule applies to words like "butterfly" (plural: butterflies), "baby" (plural: babies), and "berry" (plural: berries). Therefore, "es" is a valid plural ending in English.

The term "arthr/o" refers to joints. Joints are the areas where two or more bones come together, allowing movement and flexibility in the body. This term is commonly used in medical terminology to describe conditions or procedures related to joints.

The given correct answer, "nges," is an example of a plural ending. It is likely that the question provided a list of plural endings for different words, and "nges" is one of those endings. Plural endings are added to words to indicate that there is more than one of something. In this case, the ending "nges" may be used for certain words to indicate their plural form.

The given correct answer "ina" is a plural ending. In the context of the question, it is stated that certain words ending in "-en" can have different plural endings. The ending "-ina" is one of those plural endings. Therefore, "ina" is a valid plural ending that can be used for certain words ending in "-en" in the plural form.

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The given answer "ices" is correct because it follows the pattern mentioned in the question. The question states that the plural ending "-ices" is used for words that end in "-ex". Therefore, when a word ends in "-ex" and needs to be pluralized, the correct form would be to change the ending to "-ices".

The given answer "ices" is correct because it follows the rule stated in the question. The rule states that the plural ending for the word "-ix" is "-ices". Therefore, when a word ends in "-ix" and needs to be pluralized, the correct form is "ices".

The word root is the foundation of the word as it establishes the basic meaning of the word. In medical terms, the word root is a part of the term that establishes its meaning. Therefore, all of the given options are correct as they all describe the role and importance of the word root in determining the meaning of a word.

The correct answer is "hypo-". "Hypo-" is a prefix that means "below" or "under". In this case, it is used to indicate something that is low or below a certain level. The other options, "inter-", "endo-", and "per-", do not convey the same meaning of being low or under something. Therefore, "hypo-" is the correct choice.

The given correct answer "a" does not fit the pattern of plural endings provided. It does not change to -ae, -ina, -ices, -es, -nges, -a, or -i. Therefore, the explanation for this answer is that it is not a plural ending according to the given pattern.

The correct answer is phleb/o, ven/o because both terms are related to veins. "Phleb/o" refers to veins, and "ven/o" also refers to veins. Therefore, this combination of terms accurately represents the word "vein." The other options either include terms that are not related to veins (ateri/o) or do not include the correct combination of terms.

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The given answer "a" does not fit into any of the plural endings mentioned in the question. It seems to be a standalone letter and not a plural form of any word. Therefore, it is likely that the question is incomplete or not readable, as it does not provide enough information to determine a correct answer.

The suffix "-lysis" refers to the process of breaking down or separating something. It is commonly used in medical terms to indicate the destruction or dissolution of cells or tissues. For example, hemolysis refers to the breakdown of red blood cells, while thrombolysis refers to the dissolution of a blood clot. Therefore, "-lysis" is the correct answer as it aligns with the meaning of break down or separation.

The correct answer is "Both B and C." A suffix is a word element that comes after a word root and modifies the meaning of the word. Therefore, options B and C are both correct explanations of a suffix.

Some word roots can indeed function as suffixes. In linguistics, a suffix is a morpheme added at the end of a word to form a new word or modify its meaning. Word roots, on the other hand, are the basic building blocks of words that carry the core meaning. In certain cases, word roots can also act as suffixes when they are added to other word parts to create new words. Therefore, it is accurate to say that some word roots can be used as suffixes.

The term "adip/o" refers to fat. This is evident from the given options where "ear" and "adenoid" do not relate to fat, while "self" does not have any connection to the term. Therefore, the correct answer is "fat".

When a suffix begins with "rh," the "r" in the original word is doubled. This means that the "r" is repeated in the word when adding a suffix that starts with "rh."

The prefix "aer/o" refers to air. In this context, it is used to describe something related to air. The other options, such as artery, antrum, and vessel, do not have any connection to air. Therefore, the correct answer is "air."

Identifying the meaning of a word element is more important than identifying its classification (prefix, suffix, or root). This is because understanding the meaning of a word element can help in determining the overall meaning of a word. Knowing the classification of a word element may provide some insight into its function, but it does not necessarily give a clear understanding of its meaning. Therefore, being able to identify the meaning of a word element is crucial in comprehending and interpreting words accurately.

The term "cephal" is derived from the Greek word "kephalē," which means "head." Therefore, "cephal" refers to the head or the uppermost part of the body.

The correct answer is both A and B because a prefix is a word element that comes before a word root, and it modifies the meaning of the word. In other words, a prefix can change the definition or add additional information to the root word. Therefore, both options A and B accurately describe the function of a prefix.

The word part "angi/o" refers to vessels. In medical terminology, it is commonly used to describe blood vessels, such as arteries, veins, and capillaries. Therefore, the correct answer for this question is "vessel".

The word "bronchus" is the correct answer because it is the singular form of "bronchi," which refers to the two main branches of the trachea that lead to the lungs. The other options, such as "bronchitis" and "breathing," are related terms but do not directly match the given word stem "bronch/i."

The correct answer is A and B. "Fat" is a term used to describe excess adipose tissue in the body. "Lip/o" and "adip/o" are both combining forms that refer to fat or fatty tissue. Therefore, both options A and B are correct as they both represent the term "fat" in medical terminology.

A combining form is a word root combined with a vowel. It is used to create new words or modify the meaning of existing words. The combining form retains the meaning of the word root while adding additional information or context. This term is commonly used in medical terminology, where combining forms are used to describe different body parts, conditions, or procedures.

The prefix "per-" means "through" or "thoroughly." It is used to indicate a complete or intensive action. For example, "perceive" means to understand something thoroughly, and "perfect" means to make something complete or flawless. In this context, "per-" is the correct prefix because it matches the meaning of "through" in the given options.

The correct answer is "all of above" because it implies that all the options mentioned (without, a-, an-, ar-, none of above) are applicable in the given context. This means that the absence or exclusion of any of these options would not be accurate. Therefore, "all of above" is the most comprehensive and inclusive answer choice.

The word "vessel" refers to a tube or duct that carries fluids, such as blood vessels or lymphatic vessels. The combining form "vas/o" also refers to vessels. The combining form "angi/o" specifically refers to blood vessels. The combining form "ven/o" refers to veins, which are a type of vessel that carries blood back to the heart. Therefore, options a and b, which include "vas/o" and "angi/o," are correct answers as they both relate to vessels.

The correct answer is "extra/, exo/". The prefix "extra-" means outside or beyond, and the prefix "exo-" means outside or external. Both of these prefixes indicate something that is located or occurring outside of a specified area or boundary. Therefore, "extra/, exo/" is the most fitting answer as it accurately describes the concept of being outside.

When determining the meaning of a medical term, it is best to start with the suffix first. The suffix often indicates the condition or action related to the term. Next, the prefix should be considered, as it can modify or further specify the meaning. Lastly, the word root should be examined, as it provides the core meaning of the term. This order allows for a systematic approach to understanding the medical term and its components.

When a suffix is added to a word ending in "x", the letter "x" can either be changed to "g" or "c" depending on the specific word and the rules of spelling. Therefore, the correct answer is "Both B or C".

The combining vowel is kept between two word roots. This is because it helps to separate the roots and make the pronunciation easier. It is not normally used when a suffix starts with a vowel because the vowel sound of the suffix already provides enough separation. Therefore, the correct answer is "kept between two word roots."