Philosophy Study Quiz
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The pre-Socratic philosopher associated with music, mathematics, and mysticism was:
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Pythagoras
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Empedocles
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Heraclitus
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Parmenides
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Explore foundational philosophical ideas with the Philosophy Study Quiz, focusing on Pre-Socratic thinkers. Assess your understanding of theories like reincarnation, atomism, and the logos, and their impact on shaping philosophical discourse.
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- 2.
In the "Parable of the Cave," after the released prisoner goes up out of the cave and looks up at the heavens, what does the sun correspond to in Socrates' previous description of "The Divided Line"?
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A really big and really hot physical object.
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The light of the fire that generates shadows on the cave walls.
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The Form of the Good.
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The Pythagorean theorem.
Correct Answer
A. The Form of the Good.Explanation
In the "Parable of the Cave," the released prisoner goes up out of the cave and looks up at the heavens, where he sees the sun. In Socrates' previous description of "The Divided Line," the sun corresponds to the Form of the Good. The Form of the Good represents the highest level of reality and knowledge, illuminating the other forms and providing the ultimate source of truth and understanding. Therefore, the sun in the "Parable of the Cave" symbolizes the Form of the Good, which the released prisoner encounters and gains true knowledge from.Rate this question:
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- 3.
The word philosophy was coined by Pythagoras. It's a combination of philo and sophia which together mean:
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The love of God
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The will of Zeus
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The love of wisdom
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The search for love
Correct Answer
A. The love of wisdomExplanation
The correct answer is "the love of wisdom". The word "philosophy" is derived from the Greek words "philo" meaning love and "sophia" meaning wisdom. Therefore, philosophy can be understood as the pursuit and appreciation of knowledge, understanding, and wisdom.Rate this question:
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- 4.
What is the Irenaean theodicy sometimes called?
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The "soul-shaking theodicy"
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The "soul-taking theodicy"
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The "soul- baking theodicy"
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The "soul-making theodicy"
Correct Answer
A. The "soul-making theodicy"Explanation
The Irenaean theodicy is sometimes called the "soul-making theodicy". This term refers to the belief that the purpose of human life is to develop and grow spiritually through the challenges and suffering that we experience. According to this theodicy, God allows evil and suffering in the world as a means to facilitate the development of our souls and to help us become closer to Him. The term "soul-making" emphasizes the idea that the struggles and hardships we face in life are opportunities for spiritual growth and transformation.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Which of the following phrases captures most effectively the attitude of Job's friends?
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Judging a book by its cover.
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Blaming the victim.
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Casting the first stone.
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Missing the boat.
Correct Answer
A. Blaming the victim.Explanation
The phrase "blaming the victim" captures most effectively the attitude of Job's friends. In the biblical story of Job, his friends wrongly assume that Job's suffering is a result of his own wrongdoing or sin. They blame him for his misfortune instead of offering him support or empathy. This phrase accurately describes their tendency to hold Job responsible for his own suffering, rather than considering external factors or showing compassion.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Which character helped Meno and Socrates search for teachers of virtue?
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Democritus.
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Anytus.
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Pericles.
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Meno's young slave.
Correct Answer
A. Anytus.Explanation
Anytus is the correct answer because he is the character who helped Meno and Socrates in their search for teachers of virtue. The other options, Democritus, Pericles, and Meno's young slave, are not mentioned as being involved in this particular search.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Which pre-Socratic philosopher used his theory of the nature of atoms to explain the character of our sensations (such as our sense of color or the way certain foods tstae)?
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Empedocles
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Thales
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Democritus
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Heraclitus
Correct Answer
A. DemocritusExplanation
Democritus, a pre-Socratic philosopher, used his theory of the nature of atoms to explain the character of our sensations. According to Democritus, all matter is composed of tiny, indivisible particles called atoms. He believed that different combinations and arrangements of atoms give rise to different sensations, such as our sense of color or the way certain foods taste. This theory suggests that our sensory experiences can be explained by the interaction of atoms, providing a materialistic explanation for the nature of our sensations.Rate this question:
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- 8.
What were the two general attitudes toward life embraced by the Sophists?
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Pragmatism and animism
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Skepticism and relativism
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Humanism and anthropomorphism
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Apathy and cynicism
Correct Answer
A. Skepticism and relativismExplanation
The correct answer is skepticism and relativism. The Sophists were a group of philosophers in ancient Greece who emphasized the importance of individual perception and subjectivity. They believed that truth and morality were relative and differed from person to person. Skepticism refers to their doubt and questioning of absolute truths, while relativism reflects their belief in the subjective nature of truth and morality. These attitudes challenged traditional beliefs and encouraged critical thinking and self-reliance.Rate this question:
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- 9.
The ultimate conclusion of the Meno was that virtue was the result of:
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Lucky guesswork.
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Divine dispensation.
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A sort of spiritual lottery conducted among the gentlemen of Athens.
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Sublime desperation.
Correct Answer
A. Divine dispensation.Explanation
The ultimate conclusion of the Meno was that virtue was the result of divine dispensation. This means that virtue is not something that can be acquired through human effort or reasoning alone, but rather, it is a gift bestowed upon individuals by the gods. This conclusion suggests that virtue is not within human control, but rather, it is determined by a higher power.Rate this question:
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- 10.
The basic problem with all of Meno's definitions, according to Socrates, was:
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That he kept forgetting what Gorgias had taught him.
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That he kept reciting poetry when he should have answered the questions.
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That he kept fumbling around in his pockets and wouldn't speak clearly.
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That he kept giving examples or parts of virtue rather than its essence.
Correct Answer
A. That he kept giving examples or parts of virtue rather than its essence.Explanation
Meno's basic problem, according to Socrates, was that he kept giving examples or parts of virtue rather than its essence. Instead of providing a clear and concise definition of virtue, Meno would give various examples or describe different aspects of virtue without getting to its fundamental nature. Socrates believed that understanding the essence of virtue was crucial for any meaningful discussion or inquiry into its nature.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Satan's first "bet" with God regarding Job is that, if God took away all of Job's possessions and children, Job would:
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Enter into conspiracy with Satan to overthrow God.
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Shave his head and fall in the dust and praise God's name.
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Cry and kick and scream just like a baby.
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Curse God and betray his faith.
Correct Answer
A. Curse God and betray his faith.Explanation
In the story of Job, Satan challenges God by suggesting that if Job were to lose all his possessions and children, he would curse God and betray his faith. This answer is correct because it accurately reflects Satan's belief that Job's loyalty to God is based solely on his prosperity and blessings. Satan believes that if Job were to experience suffering and loss, he would turn against God. This is proven wrong later in the story when Job remains faithful to God despite his immense suffering.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Socrates claims that he doesn't know how virtue is acquired because:
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He's really not interested in that sort of thing.
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He doesn't know what virtue is.
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He feels such questions are metaphysically intangible.
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He never met Gorgias.
Correct Answer
A. He doesn't know what virtue is.Explanation
Socrates claims that he doesn't know what virtue is because this implies that he lacks a clear understanding or definition of virtue. This lack of knowledge prevents him from knowing how virtue is acquired, as he cannot determine the nature or essence of virtue itself. Socrates' acknowledgment of his ignorance reflects his philosophical approach of seeking wisdom through questioning and self-reflection.Rate this question:
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- 13.
In their search for teachers of virtue, Socrates initially suggested that they consider those individuals who profess to profess to teach virtue and who get paid for their instruction. Who do they identify as individuals fitting this description?
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The Olympian gods.
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Any of the aristocratic gentlemen of Athens.
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Any of a number of wise priests and priestesses.
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The Sophists.
Correct Answer
A. The Sophists.Explanation
Socrates suggests that individuals who claim to teach virtue and receive payment for their instruction should be considered as potential teachers of virtue. The Sophists fit this description as they were a group of professional teachers in ancient Greece who claimed to possess knowledge and wisdom in various subjects, including virtue. They would offer their services in exchange for payment, making them suitable candidates for Socrates' search for teachers of virtue.Rate this question:
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- 14.
At the very end of Plato's Meno, what is the last thing Socrates asks Meno to do?
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He suggests Meno ought to visit the public baths in downtown Athens before he met with anyone else.
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He suggested that Meno should take a few courses in Logic before visiting with him again.
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He asked Meno if he wanted to go see one of Aristophanes' plays later that evening.
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He asked Meno to track down Anytus and try to calm him down and convince him not to be exasperated.
Correct Answer
A. He asked Meno to track down Anytus and try to calm him down and convince him not to be exasperated. -
- 15.
Which pre-Socratic philosopher developed a theory of reincarnation?
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Protagoras
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Heraclitus
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Pythagoras
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Parmenides
Correct Answer
A. PythagorasExplanation
Pythagoras is the correct answer because he is known for developing a theory of reincarnation. According to Pythagoras, the soul is immortal and goes through a cycle of rebirth after death. He believed in the transmigration of souls, where the soul can inhabit different bodies throughout multiple lifetimes. This theory of reincarnation was a significant aspect of Pythagorean philosophy and had a lasting influence on later philosophical and religious traditions.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Which of the following figures is known as "the Father of Western Philosophy"? (Hint: there's a famous story told about his having once fallen into a cistern because he was so preoccupied looking up the the heavens.)
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Thales
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Heraclitus
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Parmenides
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Pythagoras
Correct Answer
A. ThalesExplanation
Thales is known as "the Father of Western Philosophy" because he is considered the first philosopher in Western history. He was a Greek philosopher who lived in the 6th century BCE and is known for his contributions to various fields such as mathematics, astronomy, and philosophy. Thales is often credited with introducing a rational and naturalistic approach to understanding the world, moving away from mythological and supernatural explanations. The story of him falling into a cistern while stargazing highlights his preoccupation with observing and understanding the natural world.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Sometime Agustine referred to evil as:
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A big bag of downers.
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The hole in the doughnut gone vicious.
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The absence (or privation) of goodness.
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The brute, motive force of fragmentary purpose disregarding the eternal vision.
Correct Answer
A. The absence (or privation) of goodness.Explanation
Agustine referred to evil as the absence (or privation) of goodness. This means that evil is not a tangible thing in itself, but rather the lack or deprivation of good. It suggests that evil is not a positive force, but rather a void or emptiness where goodness should be. This viewpoint aligns with Agustine's belief in the existence of a perfect and good God, and that evil is a result of the corruption or distortion of God's creation.Rate this question:
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- 18.
At one point in the dialogue (in response to Socrates' criticism to his second definition of "virtue"), Meno suggested that virtue should be equated with:
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Compassion
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Justice
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Courage
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Honesty
Correct Answer
A. JusticeExplanation
Meno suggested that virtue should be equated with justice. This means that he believes that being just or fair in one's actions and decisions is a key aspect of being virtuous. Justice involves treating others fairly and giving them what they deserve. Meno's suggestion aligns with the traditional understanding of virtue as a moral excellence that encompasses fairness and righteousness in one's behavior.Rate this question:
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- 19.
In the Republc, Plato suggested that the world of particular, changing things was:
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The only world of which we could have complete knowledge.
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Divine since it was created by the Cosmic Soul.
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Only a reflection of the world on universal, unchanging Forms.
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Ultimately composed of earth, air, fire, and water.
Correct Answer
A. Only a reflection of the world on universal, unchanging Forms.Explanation
Plato believed that the world of particular, changing things is only a reflection of the world of universal, unchanging Forms. According to him, the physical world that we perceive with our senses is imperfect and constantly changing, while the world of Forms is perfect and eternal. The physical world is merely a shadow or imitation of the true reality found in the world of Forms. Therefore, our knowledge of the physical world is limited and incomplete, whereas true knowledge can only be obtained by contemplating the Forms.Rate this question:
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- 20.
To investigate the teachability if virtue toward the end of the dialogue, Socrates and Meno work through the following, basic argument:
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If virtue is knowledge, then virtue must be teachable. If virtue is teachable, then it must be profitable. If virtue is profitable, then there ought to be some people making some money teaching it. The Sophists make money teaching virtue. Therefore, virtue must be profitable and teachable. Therefore, virtue must be knowledge.
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If virtue is knowledge, then virtue must be teachable. If virtue is teachable, then there ought to be teachers of it. There are no teachers of virtue. Therefore, virtue is not teachable. Therefore, virtue is not knowledge.
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If virtue is knowledge, then virtue must be teachable. If virtue is teachable, then there ought to be schools where it's taught. There might be a school in Egypt. Therefore, virtue might be teachable, and it might be knowledge, but you would need lots of cash to find out.
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If virtue is knowledge, then virtue must be teachable. If virtue is teachable, there ought to be teachers of it. There are plenty of teachers of virtue. Therefore, virtue must be teachable. Therefore, virtue must be knowledge.
Correct Answer
A. If virtue is knowledge, then virtue must be teachable. If virtue is teachable, then there ought to be teachers of it. There are no teachers of virtue. Therefore, virtue is not teachable. Therefore, virtue is not knowledge.Explanation
The given answer correctly identifies the argument that if virtue is teachable, then there ought to be teachers of it. However, it also points out that there are no teachers of virtue, leading to the conclusion that virtue is not teachable. This conclusion is then used to argue that virtue is not knowledge. Therefore, the answer provides a logical explanation based on the premises and conclusions of the argument.Rate this question:
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- 21.
When Job finally broke the silence and cursed, what exactly did he curse?
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God.
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Nature and all those renegades who stole his livestock.
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The day he was born.
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Satan.
Correct Answer
A. The day he was born.Explanation
Job cursed the day he was born. This can be inferred from the statement "When Job finally broke the silence and cursed" which suggests that Job directed his curse towards something or someone. Among the given options, cursing God, nature, or Satan would be unlikely as Job was known for his unwavering faith in God. Additionally, the mention of livestock being stolen implies a different cause for Job's frustration. Therefore, the most logical explanation is that Job cursed the day he was born, expressing his despair and wishing that he had never been born.Rate this question:
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- 22.
Among the following, which is one of the main themes of the Augustinian theodicy?
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That, ultimately, God must be held responsible for the sins of His creation.
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That evil is a vicious, demonic force over which God has little control.
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That when God gave Satan dominion over earth, all hell broke loose.
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That evil is either sin or the punishment of sin.
Correct Answer
A. That evil is either sin or the punishment of sin.Explanation
The main theme of the Augustinian theodicy is that evil is either sin or the punishment of sin. This means that evil is a result of human actions, either as a direct sin or as a consequence of sin. According to this belief, God is not responsible for evil, but rather it is a result of human free will and the consequences of their actions. This perspective places the responsibility for evil on humanity rather than on God.Rate this question:
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- 23.
At the end of the Book of Job, God:
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Punishes Satan for having tricked Him into tormenting Job.
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Chastises the friends and rewards Job for his truthfulness.
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Gets bored with the whole scene and sends a giant meteor to crush them all.
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Kills Job's friends and gives Job more kids and a brand new washer & dryer.
Correct Answer
A. Chastises the friends and rewards Job for his truthfulness. -
- 24.
Which of the following sayings is attributed to the Sophist Protagoras?
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"you cannot step into the same river twice."
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"wherever you go, there you are."
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"man is the measure of all things."
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"dogs bark at those whom they do not know."
Correct Answer
A. "man is the measure of all things."Explanation
The saying "man is the measure of all things" is attributed to the Sophist Protagoras. This phrase reflects Protagoras' relativistic philosophy, which suggests that truth and knowledge are subjective and depend on individual perception. According to Protagoras, humans are the ultimate judges of reality, and each person's perception is valid for themselves. This idea challenges the notion of absolute truth and emphasizes the importance of individual experiences and perspectives.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Which Sophist said that we couldn't know the nature of the gods because our minds are too limited, the subject is too obscure, and life is too short to attain such ultimate knowledge? Hint: he also said "man is the measure of all things."
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Empedocles
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Protagoras
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Democritus
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Gorgias
Correct Answer
A. ProtagorasExplanation
Protagoras, the Sophist, argued that the nature of the gods is unknowable due to the limitations of our minds, the obscurity of the subject, and the brevity of human life. He believed that human beings are the ultimate measure of all things, implying that knowledge is subjective and relative to individual experiences and perceptions. Protagoras' philosophy highlights the skepticism and agnosticism surrounding the nature of gods and the limitations of human understanding.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Which pre-Socratic philosopher said that you cannot step into the same river twice?
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Empedocles
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Parmenides
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Heraclitus
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Pythagoras
Correct Answer
A. HeraclitusExplanation
Heraclitus, a pre-Socratic philosopher, believed in the concept of constant change and flux in the universe. He argued that everything is constantly in motion and nothing remains the same. The statement "you cannot step into the same river twice" reflects his philosophy, as he believed that the river is constantly changing, and therefore, each time you step into it, it is a different river. This idea illustrates his belief in the impermanence and constant transformation of the world.Rate this question:
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- 27.
Philosophy emerged in ancient Greece when thinkers began to move from:
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More mythological to more rational ways of explaining the world.
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More agricultural to more industrial ways of making a living.
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More rational to more mythological ways of explaining the world.
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More scientific to more religious ways of explaining the meaning of life.
Correct Answer
A. More mythological to more rational ways of explaining the world.Explanation
During ancient Greece, there was a shift in thinking from relying on mythological explanations to embracing more rational ways of understanding the world. This change marked the emergence of philosophy as thinkers sought to explain phenomena through logic, reason, and observation rather than attributing them to supernatural or mythical beings. This transition allowed for the development of critical thinking and the exploration of natural causes and principles, laying the foundation for the philosophical traditions that followed.Rate this question:
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- 28.
Meno's last definition of "virtue" claimed that it should be identified with:
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The desire of fine things and the money to buy them.
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The power of governing mankind.
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The general impossibility of inquiring into things you don't really already know.
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The desire of things honorable and the power of attaining them.
Correct Answer
A. The desire of things honorable and the power of attaining them.Explanation
Meno's last definition of "virtue" states that it should be identified with the desire of things honorable and the power of attaining them. This means that virtue is not only about desiring honorable things but also having the ability to achieve them. It emphasizes the importance of both intention and action in leading a virtuous life.Rate this question:
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- 29.
Believing in god's power and supreme goodness, the friends:
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Get all confused and start fighting with each other.
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Accuse Job of wrongdoing and suggest he beg God for forgiveness.
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Kill three reams and offer them to God on Job's behalf.
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Can't figure out why Job should be suffering so much.
Correct Answer
A. Accuse Job of wrongdoing and suggest he beg God for forgiveness.Explanation
The correct answer is "accuse Job of wrongdoing and suggest he beg God for forgiveness." In the story of Job, his friends believe that his suffering is a result of his own sins and that he should repent and ask God for forgiveness. They accuse him of wrongdoing and offer this suggestion as a way to find favor with God and alleviate his suffering. This belief in a cause-and-effect relationship between sin and suffering leads them to blame Job and offer this solution.Rate this question:
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- 30.
Which of the following captures the spirit of the Irenaean theodicy most effectively?
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That God placed us in a world of evil in order to strengthen us spiritually.
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That God knew all along we were sinners and deserved to suffer.
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That God was playing a cruel cosmic trick on us just to see who would "get it."
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That God wanted to give us all a better life but did not have the power to do so.
Correct Answer
A. That God placed us in a world of evil in order to strengthen us spiritually.Explanation
The Irenaean theodicy suggests that God allows evil in the world to help humans grow and develop spiritually. This explanation aligns with that idea by stating that God placed us in a world of evil to strengthen us spiritually. It implies that experiencing and overcoming evil can lead to spiritual growth and development.Rate this question:
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- 31.
Which pre-Socratic philosopher thought that the constantly changing nature of reality was nevertheless made uniform and orderly insofar as it was governed by a force or principle he called the logos?
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Democritus
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Pythagoras
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Parmenides
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Heraclitus
Correct Answer
A. HeraclitusExplanation
Heraclitus believed that the constantly changing nature of reality was still governed by a force or principle called the logos. He argued that everything is in a state of flux and that change is the fundamental nature of the universe. However, he also believed that there is an underlying order and unity to this change, which he attributed to the logos. This principle or force acts as a guiding and organizing principle, bringing order to the ever-changing world.Rate this question:
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- 32.
The pre-Socratic philosopher who thought reality was composed of atoms and empty space (or the void) was:
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Democritus
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Parmenides
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Pythagoras
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Empedocles
Correct Answer
A. DemocritusExplanation
Democritus is the correct answer because he was a pre-Socratic philosopher who believed that reality was made up of tiny, indivisible particles called atoms, which existed in empty space or the void. He proposed that all matter was composed of these atoms, which differed in shape, size, and arrangement, and that they were in constant motion. Democritus' atomic theory laid the foundation for modern atomic theory and had a significant influence on the development of scientific thought.Rate this question:
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- 33.
Socrates' argument about the impossibility of desiring evil implies that, evil, when it occurs, is always due to:
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The desire to sin for pleasure
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Hades or the Devil
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The desire to be miserable
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Some form of ignorance or moral blindness
Correct Answer
A. Some form of ignorance or moral blindnessExplanation
Socrates' argument suggests that evil actions occur due to some form of ignorance or moral blindness. This means that when individuals engage in evil behavior, it is not because they desire to sin for pleasure, are influenced by Hades or the Devil, or have the desire to be miserable. Instead, Socrates believes that people commit evil acts because they lack knowledge or understanding of what is morally right or wrong. This ignorance or moral blindness leads them to make choices that result in evil outcomes.Rate this question:
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- 34.
According to Plato's "Divided Line," the second level down from the top includes:
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Images of things.
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Mathematical truths.
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Physical things.
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Eternal, unchanging Forms.
Correct Answer
A. Mathematical truths.Explanation
According to Plato's "Divided Line," the second level down from the top includes mathematical truths. In Plato's theory, the Divided Line represents different levels of reality and knowledge. The second level represents the intelligible realm, where abstract concepts and mathematical truths exist. Plato believed that these mathematical truths are eternal and unchanging, unlike physical things which are subject to change. Therefore, the correct answer is mathematical truths.Rate this question:
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- 35.
Socrates essentially argues that no one desires evil by suggesting that:
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To desire evil is to be really bad, and no one is really bad, so evil really doesn't exist.
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Either they think that evil is really evil and don't really see how miserable they must be to desire it or they think that evil isn't so bad after all, so they really must know that evil is evil and yet desire to be miserable anyway.
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They either think what they desire is good (in which case, they don't really desire evil) or they must know it is evil (in which case, they don't really desire evil) or they must know it is evil (in which case, they must desire to be miserable). Since, however, no one desires to be miserable, then no one desires evil.
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If they did, then they must be pretty dumb, and besides that, if they actually desired evil, then they probably are psychotic which would mean that they don't know the difference between good and evil, and so they don't desire evil because they think that everything is really pretty good.
Correct Answer
A. They either think what they desire is good (in which case, they don't really desire evil) or they must know it is evil (in which case, they don't really desire evil) or they must know it is evil (in which case, they must desire to be miserable). Since, however, no one desires to be miserable, then no one desires evil.Explanation
Socrates argues that no one desires evil because they either think what they desire is good (in which case, they don't really desire evil) or they must know it is evil (in which case, they don't really desire evil) or they must know it is evil (in which case, they must desire to be miserable). Since no one desires to be miserable, it follows that no one desires evil. This is because if someone truly desired evil, they would either be ignorant of its evil nature or they would desire to be miserable, both of which are unlikely scenarios.Rate this question:
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- 36.
When God finally appears to Job at the end of the book, He:
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Apologizes to Job for accepting Satan's wager.
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Parts the Red Sea to show Job how powerful He is.
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Proclaims His vast powers in the universe and humbles Job.
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Suggests that Job has a bad sense of humor and tells him to 'get a life!'
Correct Answer
A. Proclaims His vast powers in the universe and humbles Job. -
- 37.
What did the friends do when they first saw Job?
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They scolded him for acting like such a self-righteous baby.
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They saw how he suffered and sat with him in silence for 7 days and nights.
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They washed his feet and put oil on his head and cooked him some barbecue.
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They told him how far they had traveled and asked him to fix them some food.
Correct Answer
A. They saw how he suffered and sat with him in silence for 7 days and nights.Explanation
The friends' initial reaction upon seeing Job was to observe his suffering and silently sit with him for a period of seven days and nights.Rate this question:
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- 38.
Which of the following thinkers was a Sophist?
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Pythagoras
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Democritus
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Protagoras
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Empedocles
Correct Answer
A. ProtagorasExplanation
Protagoras was a Sophist, a group of ancient Greek thinkers who focused on rhetoric and the art of persuasion. They believed that truth and knowledge were subjective and that individuals could shape reality through persuasive language and argumentation. Protagoras was known for his famous statement, "Man is the measure of all things," which encapsulated the relativistic perspective of the Sophists. Unlike Pythagoras, Democritus, and Empedocles, who were known for their contributions to mathematics, atomic theory, and the four elements, respectively, Protagoras' philosophical focus was on human perception and the power of persuasion.Rate this question:
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- 39.
Which pre-Socratic philosopher said that reality was one and that nothing changes?
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Pythagoras
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Parmenides
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Heraclitus
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Protagoras
Correct Answer
A. ParmenidesExplanation
Parmenides, a pre-Socratic philosopher, believed that reality was one and unchanging. He argued that change was an illusion and that true reality could only be perceived through reason and logic. Parmenides' philosophy was in contrast to the views of other pre-Socratic philosophers like Heraclitus, who believed in the constant flux and change of the world.Rate this question:
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- 40.
According to Plato's "Divided Line," the lowest level includes:
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Images or reflections of things.
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The eternal, unchanging Forms.
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Mathematical truths.
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Physical things.
Correct Answer
A. Images or reflections of things.Explanation
According to Plato's "Divided Line," the lowest level includes images or reflections of things. This means that at this level, individuals perceive the physical world through their senses, but these perceptions are not the true reality. They are mere copies or representations of the true Forms or Ideas, which exist in a higher realm. Plato believed that the physical world is a shadowy reflection of the perfect and unchanging Forms, and true knowledge can only be attained by understanding these Forms through reason and intellect.Rate this question:
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- 41.
Socrates responds to Meno's first definition of "virtue" by saying:
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How lucky he was to get so many definitions when he asked for just one.
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"Zeus, Almighty, now here is a man who know how to define things!"
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How strange it was that Meno gave his definition without praying first.
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"Wow, Meno, what a bummer; you must really be an idiot!"
Correct Answer
A. How lucky he was to get so many definitions when he asked for just one.Explanation
Socrates responds to Meno's first definition of "virtue" by expressing his surprise and gratitude for receiving multiple definitions instead of just one. This suggests that Socrates appreciates the opportunity to explore different perspectives and engage in a deeper discussion about the nature of virtue.Rate this question:
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- 42.
When Job passes the first "test," Satan suggests that God:
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Should kill Job's wife.
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Should just kill Job and get it over with.
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Should afflict Job with some horrible disease.
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Should send a flood to wash all humans away.
Correct Answer
A. Should afflict Job with some horrible disease.Explanation
In the book of Job in the Bible, Satan suggests to God that Job's faithfulness is only because God has blessed him with good health and prosperity. Satan proposes that if God were to afflict Job with a horrible disease, he would surely curse God. Therefore, the correct answer is that Satan suggests God should afflict Job with some horrible disease to test his faith.Rate this question:
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- 43.
How did Job react to the news that he had lost everything, including his children?
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He ripped his clothes and ran through the desert screaming hysterically.
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He tore his robe, shaved his head, lay down in the dust, and praised the lord.
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He was so distraught and grief-stricken that boils began to erupt all over him.
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He cursed God's name.
Correct Answer
A. He tore his robe, shaved his head, lay down in the dust, and praised the lord.Explanation
Job reacted to the news of losing everything, including his children, by tearing his robe, shaving his head, laying down in the dust, and praising the Lord.Rate this question:
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- 44.
The two primary good above stand in direct opposition to two primary evils. Given the order of the goods in the right answer above, which of the follwoing identify the two primary evils in theor proper corresponding order?
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Triviality and intensity
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Triviality and discord
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Discord and triviality
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Intensity and discord
Correct Answer
A. Discord and trivialityExplanation
The correct answer is "discord and triviality". The statement mentions that the two primary goods stand in direct opposition to the two primary evils. Based on the order of the goods in the correct answer, the corresponding order for the evils would be discord and triviality.Rate this question:
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- 45.
What realm of reality described by "the Divided Line" would correspond to the area above and outside the cave in Plato's "Parable of the Cave"?
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The Sensible Realm.
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The Kingdom of God.
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The Intelligible Realm.
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The Realm That Passes All Understanding.
Correct Answer
A. The Intelligible Realm.Explanation
The correct answer is the Intelligible Realm. In Plato's "Parable of the Cave," the area above and outside the cave represents the realm of the Intelligible. This realm is characterized by abstract concepts, universal truths, and the Forms or Ideas. It is a higher level of reality that can only be understood through reason and intellect, as opposed to the lower realm of the Sensible where we perceive the physical world through our senses. The Intelligible Realm represents a deeper understanding and knowledge of reality beyond the limitations of our sensory perception.Rate this question:
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- 46.
Kushner maintains that there are three basic ideas that help clarify the arguments raised in (and by) the Book of Job. What do these ideas involve?
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God's cruelty, God's gambling problem, and Job's confusion.
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Satan's wickedness, God's gullibility, and Job's goodness.
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God's power, God's goodness, and Job's goodness.
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God's power, Satan's wickedness, and Job's goodness.
Correct Answer
A. God's power, God's goodness, and Job's goodness.Explanation
The three basic ideas that help clarify the arguments raised in (and by) the Book of Job involve God's power, God's goodness, and Job's goodness. These ideas suggest that God is all-powerful, capable of controlling all aspects of life, and that He is inherently good, always acting with justice and righteousness. Additionally, Job's goodness is highlighted, emphasizing his righteousness and faithfulness despite the trials and suffering he endures. These ideas contribute to the understanding and interpretation of the events and dialogues within the Book of Job.Rate this question:
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- 47.
Who did Anytus recommend as perfectly good teachers of virtue?
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The Sophists.
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The gods.
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The followers of Pythagoras.
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Any Athenian gentleman.
Correct Answer
A. Any Athenian gentleman.Explanation
Anytus recommended any Athenian gentleman as perfectly good teachers of virtue. This suggests that Anytus believed that virtue could be taught by any respectable and educated member of Athenian society. It implies that he did not consider the Sophists, the gods, or the followers of Pythagoras to be suitable teachers of virtue.Rate this question:
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- 48.
What are the two primary goods identified by the Process theodicy?
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Discord and intensity
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Harmony and triviality
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Intensity and triviality
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Harmony and intensity
Correct Answer
A. Harmony and intensityExplanation
The Process theodicy identifies harmony and intensity as the two primary goods. Harmony refers to the balance and coherence in the world, where everything works together in a unified way. Intensity refers to the richness and depth of experiences, both positive and negative, that contribute to personal growth and development. These two goods are seen as essential aspects of the overall goodness and purpose of the world, according to the Process theodicy.Rate this question:
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- 49.
What did the first major criticism of the Augustinian theodicy essentially involve?
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The idea that hell is necessary if God is truly just.
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The idea that - contrary to what Augustine maintained-- sin (or moral evil) couldn't have existed before the punishment of sin (or natural evil).
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The idea that God (the Creator) must ultimately be responsible for the sins of his creation.
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The idea that - contrary to what Augustine maintained -- the punishment of sin (or natural evil) couldn't have existed before sin (or moral evil).
Correct Answer
A. The idea that God (the Creator) must ultimately be responsible for the sins of his creation.Explanation
The first major criticism of the Augustinian theodicy essentially involved the idea that God (the Creator) must ultimately be responsible for the sins of his creation. This criticism challenges Augustine's belief that human beings have free will and are therefore responsible for their own sins. It argues that if God is truly all-powerful and all-knowing, then he must bear ultimate responsibility for the existence of evil and sin in the world. This criticism raises questions about God's nature and the concept of divine justice.Rate this question:
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Mar 21, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Apr 28, 2012Quiz Created by
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