Critical Thought Unveiled: Quiz on The Frankfurt School of Critical Theory

The Institute for Social Research, associated with the Frankfurt School, was founded in 1923 at Goethe University Frankfurt.

The Institute for Social Research, associated with the Frankfurt School, was founded in Germany, particularly at Goethe University Frankfurt in early 20th century.

Adorno and Horkheimer elaborated on the ambivalence of critical theory in their work "Dialectic of Enlightenment" (1947). This ambivalence stemmed from the specific historical context in which the work originated, notably during the emergence of Nazism, state capitalism, and the culture industry as new manifestations of social control.

Max Horkheimer became the director of the Institute for Social Research in 1930, playing a key role in shaping the Frankfurt School's direction.

Max Horkheimer first defined critical theory in his 1937 essay, "Traditional and Critical Theory," as a theory oriented toward critiquing and changing society as a whole, as opposed to traditional theory which focused only on understanding or explaining it.

Jürgen Habermas is considered a notable second-generation Frankfurt School scholar, transcending the theoretical roots in German idealism and giving way to American Pragmatism.

"Eclipse of Reason" by Max Horkheimer, delving into the Nazis' manipulation of reason, was published in 1947, providing critical insights into the disturbingly effective promotion of their agenda as reasonable and rational.

The ambivalence about the source of social domination in critical theory, as described by Adorno and Horkheimer, gave rise to pessimism about the possibility of human emancipation.

"Eros and Civilization: A Philosophical Inquiry into Freud" is a significant work associated with Herbert Marcuse, synthesizing the theories of Karl Marx and Sigmund Freud.

Members of the Frankfurt School, including Max Horkheimer, generally opposed direct political action or praxis, avoiding revolutionary rhetoric in their publications to safeguard funding from the West German government.