Skin care Pharmacy Trivia

Vitamin D helps move calcium into the bones. It promotes the absorption of calcium from the intestines and regulates calcium levels in the blood. It also plays a crucial role in bone mineralization and remodeling, helping to maintain strong and healthy bones. Vitamin D deficiency can lead to weakened bones, increased risk of fractures, and conditions like rickets in children and osteoporosis in adults.

Vitamin C is commonly used for treating and preventing colds. It is known for its immune-boosting properties and its ability to reduce the severity and duration of cold symptoms. Vitamin C helps in the production of white blood cells, which are essential for fighting off infections. It also acts as an antioxidant, protecting the immune system from damage caused by harmful free radicals. Regular intake of vitamin C can help strengthen the immune system and reduce the risk of catching a cold.

Naloxone (Narcan) is the correct answer because it is a reversal agent commonly used to treat narcotic respiratory depression. It works by binding to the same receptors in the brain that narcotics bind to, effectively blocking their effects and reversing the respiratory depression. Naloxone is often administered in cases of narcotic overdoses to quickly restore normal breathing and prevent potentially fatal complications.

A hypotonic solution has a lower concentration of particles compared to body fluids. This means that there are fewer particles dissolved in the hypotonic solution than in the body fluids. As a result, water will tend to move into the cells, causing them to swell or potentially burst.

The statement is true because over-the-counter (OTC) drugs for treating lice contain the same active ingredients as prescribed drugs. These active ingredients, such as pyrethrins or permethrin, are proven to effectively kill lice and their eggs. OTC drugs are easily accessible and can be purchased without a prescription, making them a convenient and cost-effective option for treating lice. However, it is important to follow the instructions and use the OTC drugs correctly to ensure their effectiveness.

Activated charcoal is the primary emergency room treatment for preventing absorption of poison from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. It works by binding to the toxins in the stomach and intestines, preventing them from being absorbed into the bloodstream. This helps to reduce the effects of the poison and minimize its potential harm to the body. Acetylcysteine, atropine, and cyanide antidote kits are used for treating specific types of poisoning or medical conditions, but they are not the primary treatment for preventing absorption of poison from the GI tract.

Vitamin B6, also known as pyridoxine, is the correct answer. It is a water-soluble vitamin that plays a crucial role in various bodily functions, including metabolism, brain development, and the production of red blood cells. It is involved in over 100 enzymatic reactions and helps convert food into energy. Vitamin B6 also supports the immune system, promotes healthy skin, and helps regulate mood and sleep patterns.

When a Blue Alert cart is returned to the pharmacy, the pharmacy technician's responsibility is to restock drugs, remove and replace expired drugs, and remove and replace drugs that will expire in the next month. This means that they need to ensure that the cart is fully stocked with the necessary medications, remove any medications that have expired, and replace any medications that are nearing their expiration date. By doing all of these tasks, the pharmacy technician helps to maintain the inventory and ensure that only safe and effective medications are available for patients.

Benzoyl peroxide is the correct answer because it has antibacterial properties and can help dry out the skin, making it effective in removing excess oils. It is commonly used in the treatment of acne.

Docosanol (Abreva) is used to treat cold sores. Cold sores are caused by the herpes simplex virus, and docosanol works by preventing the virus from entering healthy cells. It is an over-the-counter medication that can be applied topically to the affected area. Imiquimod (Aldara) is used to treat certain skin conditions, diethyl ether (Wartner) is used as a topical anesthetic, and miconazole (Monistat) is used to treat fungal infections.

Ingestion is the most common route for poisoning because it involves the intake of toxic substances through the mouth, such as food or drinks contaminated with chemicals or toxins. When ingested, these substances can be absorbed into the bloodstream and distributed throughout the body, causing harm to various organs and systems. This route is particularly common because it is easy for people to accidentally consume toxic substances or for children to ingest household chemicals or medications. Ingestion can also occur intentionally through the ingestion of harmful substances, such as drugs or poisons.

Vitamins A and C are fat-soluble because they can dissolve in fats and oils. This means that they can be stored in the body's fatty tissues and liver for later use. Fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed along with dietary fats and require the presence of fat in the diet for proper absorption. Vitamin A is important for vision, immune function, and cell growth, while vitamin C is essential for collagen synthesis, immune function, and antioxidant protection.

Calcium chloride is commonly found on an emergency crash cart because it is used to treat hypocalcemia, a condition characterized by low levels of calcium in the blood. Calcium chloride is a calcium salt that can quickly increase calcium levels in the body, making it an effective treatment for emergencies such as cardiac arrest or severe allergic reactions. It is available in a concentrated form and can be administered intravenously to rapidly replenish calcium levels and stabilize the patient.

Sodium hypochlorite is a common laundry and household product that is used in cleaning and stain removal. It disinfects and deodorizes by killing most germs and their odors. Povidone-iodine, mometasone, and desonide are not commonly used for cleaning and stain removal purposes, therefore sodium hypochlorite is the correct answer.

Phytonadione is the correct answer because it is a form of vitamin K, which is essential for blood clotting and bone health. Pyridoxine, cyanocobalamin, and thiamine are all different forms of B vitamins and do not have the same functions as vitamin K. Therefore, phytonadione is the most appropriate choice among the given options.

Potassium is commonly used by patients who take diuretics because diuretics increase the excretion of water and electrolytes, including potassium, from the body. Diuretics work by increasing urine production, which helps to reduce fluid buildup in the body. However, this increased urine production also leads to an increased loss of electrolytes, including potassium. Therefore, patients who take diuretics often need to supplement their potassium levels to maintain a proper balance and prevent potassium deficiency, which can lead to symptoms such as muscle weakness, fatigue, and irregular heart rhythms.

All of the antibiotics listed (clindamycin, metronidazole, mupirocin, and neomycin-polymyxin B) are available in topical dosage forms. This means that they can be applied directly to the skin to treat various skin conditions such as infections, acne, and wounds. Topical antibiotics are commonly used to target bacterial growth on the skin and help reduce inflammation and promote healing. Therefore, all of the options provided are correct as they are all antibiotics used to treat skin conditions and available in topical forms.

St. John's Wort is known as "nature's Prozac" and is used for mild to moderate depression. It is a herbal supplement that has been traditionally used for its antidepressant properties. Studies have shown that St. John's Wort can help alleviate symptoms of depression by increasing the levels of serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine in the brain. It is considered a natural alternative to conventional antidepressant medications and is commonly used for its mood-enhancing effects.

Pyridoxine is a form of Vitamin B6, which is an essential nutrient for the body. It plays a crucial role in various bodily functions, including metabolism, brain development, and the production of neurotransmitters. Cyanocobalamin is a form of Vitamin B12, not B6. Phytonadione is a form of Vitamin K, not B6. Thiamine is a form of Vitamin B1, not B6. Therefore, the correct answer is pyridoxine, as it is the only option that represents Vitamin B6.

Botulinum toxin type A is a neurotoxin that is commonly used to treat facial wrinkles. It works by temporarily paralyzing the muscles in the face, reducing the appearance of wrinkles and fine lines. This toxin is derived from the bacterium Clostridium botulinum and is injected into specific areas of the face to target the muscles responsible for causing wrinkles. It is a popular and effective treatment option for individuals looking to reduce the signs of aging and achieve a more youthful appearance.

Protamine sulfate is used as an antidote for heparin overdose. Heparin is an anticoagulant medication used to prevent blood clotting. In case of an overdose or if heparin needs to be reversed quickly, protamine sulfate is administered. Protamine sulfate works by binding to heparin and neutralizing its anticoagulant effects. This helps to restore normal blood clotting and prevent any excessive bleeding that may occur due to heparin overdose. Digibind is used as an antidote for digoxin toxicity, Desferal is used as an antidote for iron poisoning, and phytonadione is used as an antidote for vitamin K deficiency.

Lindane is the correct answer because it is a medication commonly used for treating head, body, and pubic lice. It is a topical treatment that works by killing the lice and their eggs. Elidel and Aldara are medications used for treating certain skin conditions such as eczema and genital warts, respectively. Dermoplast is a local anesthetic spray used for relieving pain and itching associated with minor skin irritations.

Rash is the most common allergic reaction to a drug. When a person has an allergic reaction to a drug, their immune system responds by releasing chemicals that cause inflammation and irritation on the skin, resulting in a rash. This can manifest as red, itchy, and raised bumps or patches on the skin. While other symptoms like hives, diarrhea, and nausea can also occur as allergic reactions, a rash is typically the most frequently observed and reported symptom.

Latanoprost (Xalatan) is a drug used to treat glaucoma. It belongs to a class of medications called prostaglandin analogs. One of the side effects of latanoprost is increased pigmentation of the iris, which can cause light colored eyes to turn brown. This change in eye color is permanent and occurs gradually over time with continuous use of the medication. Other drugs listed, such as dorzolamide, apraclonidine, and brinzolamide, do not have this side effect.

The pharmacy technician should inform the pharmacist if the physician prescribes ear drops for an eye infection because this is an incorrect prescription and could potentially harm the patient. They should also inform the pharmacist if the physician prescribes an otic antibiotic without an accompanying pain reliever, as it may be necessary to provide the patient with appropriate pain relief. Lastly, they should inform the pharmacist if the physician prescribes an otic solution for a patient with tubes in the ear, as this may require special instructions or considerations.

Phototoxicity is the correct answer because it refers to the excessive response of the skin to the sun when a sensitizing agent is present. This condition occurs when certain substances, such as medications or chemicals, make the skin more sensitive to sunlight, leading to an exaggerated reaction like sunburn or a rash. It is important to note that phototoxic reactions are different from photoallergic reactions, as the latter involves an immune system response.

Digibind is the correct answer because it is a medication used to treat a Digoxin overdose. Digibind, also known as Digoxin immune fab, works by binding to the excess Digoxin in the body and preventing it from exerting its toxic effects. This helps to rapidly reduce the levels of Digoxin in the bloodstream and reverse the symptoms of overdose. Protamine sulfate is used to reverse the effects of heparin, phytonadione is used to reverse the effects of certain blood thinners, and Desferal is used to treat iron overload, so they are not appropriate treatments for a Digoxin overdose.

The drugs that should carry the warning label "Avoid sun exposure" are ACE inhibitors, NSAID's, and anticonvulsants. These medications have been known to increase sensitivity to sunlight, which can lead to sunburns and other skin reactions. It is important for individuals taking these drugs to take precautions such as wearing protective clothing, using sunscreen, and avoiding prolonged sun exposure to prevent any adverse effects.

Atropine is commonly found on a Code Blue emergency cart because it is a medication used to treat certain emergency situations. It is primarily used to treat bradycardia, a condition characterized by a slow heart rate. Atropine works by blocking the effects of the vagus nerve, which helps to increase heart rate. In emergency situations, such as cardiac arrest or severe allergic reactions, atropine can be administered to quickly increase heart rate and improve blood flow. Therefore, its presence on a Code Blue emergency cart is crucial for immediate treatment.

Calcium chloride is the most commonly used form of calcium in cardiac emergencies because it has a higher concentration of elemental calcium compared to other forms. It is administered intravenously and acts quickly to increase the levels of calcium in the blood, which is crucial in cardiac emergencies where there is a risk of arrhythmias or cardiac arrest. Calcium chloride is also preferred because it has a longer shelf life and is more stable than other forms of calcium.

Epinephrine is the most commonly used medication in cardiopulmonary arrest because it acts as a powerful vasoconstrictor and stimulates the heart, increasing blood flow to vital organs. It helps to restore circulation and maintain blood pressure during cardiac arrest. Calcium chloride is used to treat calcium deficiency, atropine is used to treat certain heart conditions, and digoxin is used to treat heart failure. However, none of these medications are specifically indicated for cardiopulmonary arrest like epinephrine.

Aspirin may cause tinnitus, nausea, and vomiting in children with doses greater than 150mg/kg. Aspirin is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that can irritate the stomach lining and cause gastrointestinal side effects such as nausea and vomiting. Additionally, aspirin can affect the auditory system and cause tinnitus, which is a ringing or buzzing sound in the ears. It is important to note that aspirin should not be given to children and teenagers who have or are recovering from chickenpox or flu-like symptoms, as it may increase the risk of Reye's syndrome.

The correct answer is A and C, which refers to phytonidione and vitamin K. Warfarin is an anticoagulant medication that works by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors. Therefore, in case of a warfarin overdose, administering vitamin K can help reverse its effects. Phytonidione is a synthetic form of vitamin K that is commonly used for this purpose. Protamine sulfate, on the other hand, is an antidote for heparin overdose, not warfarin.

Pyrethrins (Rid) is derived from chrysanthemums, available over the counter (OTC), and is used for head lice.

Calcium gluconate is commonly used in total parenteral nutrition (TPN) because it is easily absorbed by the body and has a low risk of causing tissue irritation or damage at the injection site. It is a stable and soluble form of calcium that can be administered intravenously to provide the necessary calcium levels in patients who are unable to obtain it through oral intake. Calcium carbonate, acetate, and chloride are not typically used in TPN due to their lower solubility or potential for adverse effects.

When compounding TPNS (Total Parenteral Nutrition Solution), calcium and phosphates are the two drugs that are incompatible and cause the most problems with precipitation. Mixing these two drugs can lead to the formation of insoluble calcium phosphate precipitates, which can clog the IV line and potentially cause harm to the patient. Therefore, it is important to avoid combining calcium and phosphates in TPNS to ensure the safety and efficacy of the solution.