Pharmacology Quiz Questions And Answers
Have you been having a hard time in your pharmacology class and can’t recall most of what you have learnt so far? This is not uncommon as most people tend to forget things quite fast and they don’t stick unless one takes some refreshers on the same. Below is a pharmacology questions and answers test designed to help you understand your course better.
Questions and Answers
- 1.
_______________ of a drug is why the drug is being used.
Explanation
The term "indication" refers to the specific reason or purpose for which a drug is being used. It provides information about the medical condition or symptoms that the drug is intended to treat or manage. Understanding the indication of a drug is crucial for healthcare professionals to ensure appropriate and effective use of the medication. It helps guide the decision-making process when prescribing or administering drugs to patients.Rate this question:
- 2.
________________________ are circumstances when drugs should not be used.
Explanation
Contraindications refer to specific circumstances or conditions in which the use of drugs is not recommended or should be avoided. These contraindications could be based on factors such as the patient's medical history, current health status, or potential adverse effects of the drug. It is important to identify contraindications before prescribing or administering medication to ensure patient safety and prevent any potential harm or complications.Rate this question:
- 3.
The DVM's plan for administering medication is called a ____________.
Explanation
The DVM's plan for administering medication is commonly referred to as a regimen or treatment protocol. This plan outlines the specific medications, dosages, and schedule for administration to ensure the optimal treatment outcome for the patient. The term "regimen" is often used to describe a systematic and organized approach to medication administration, while "treatment protocol" emphasizes the comprehensive plan for managing a specific condition or illness. Both terms are widely used in veterinary medicine to guide the administration of medications.Rate this question:
- 4.
PO, SQ, IV and IM are examples of routes of administration.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
PO, SQ, IV, and IM are indeed examples of routes of administration. PO stands for oral administration, which involves taking medication by mouth. SQ stands for subcutaneous administration, which involves injecting medication into the fatty tissue just under the skin. IV stands for intravenous administration, which involves injecting medication directly into a vein. IM stands for intramuscular administration, which involves injecting medication into a muscle. These routes of administration are commonly used in healthcare settings to deliver medications to patients.Rate this question:
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- 5.
If a drug cannot be approved for animals unless under the supervision of a DVM, it is considered a _____________ drug.
Correct Answer
PrescriptionExplanation
If a drug cannot be approved for animals unless under the supervision of a DVM, it is considered a prescription drug. This means that the drug can only be obtained with a written prescription from a veterinarian. This requirement ensures that the drug is used safely and appropriately, as a veterinarian is able to assess the specific needs and conditions of the animal before prescribing the medication.Rate this question:
- 6.
With careful consideration, a DVM prescribes a drug to be used on a cat that has been approved by the FDA for use on dogs only. This is known as ____________ use of a drug.
Correct Answer
Off label
Extralabel
Off-label
Extra-labelExplanation
The correct answer is "Off label" or "Extralabel" use of a drug. This term refers to the practice of using a drug in a manner that is not specified on the drug's label or approved by regulatory authorities. In this case, the DVM is prescribing a drug approved for use on dogs to be used on a cat, which is not the intended use according to the FDA.Rate this question:
- 7.
A veterinarian-client _______________ must be established before a veterinarian can prescribe medication.
Correct Answer
RelationshipExplanation
In order for a veterinarian to prescribe medication, a relationship must be established between the veterinarian and the client. This is because the veterinarian needs to have a thorough understanding of the animal's medical history, previous treatments, and current health condition before prescribing any medication. The relationship allows the veterinarian to assess the animal's needs and ensure that the prescribed medication is safe and appropriate for the specific situation. Without a relationship, the veterinarian would not have the necessary information to make an informed decision about medication.Rate this question:
- 8.
Drugs that do not have a high toxicity and do not require a prescription are called _____________________ drugs.
Correct Answer
Over-the-counter
Over the counterExplanation
Over-the-counter drugs are medications that are safe to use without a prescription from a healthcare professional. These drugs have low toxicity levels, meaning they are not harmful when taken in recommended doses. They are readily available for purchase at pharmacies, supermarkets, and other retail stores without the need for a prescription. The terms "over-the-counter" and "over the counter" are both correct ways to refer to these types of drugs.Rate this question:
- 9.
It is the LVT's responsibility to administer and chart the medication.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The given statement is true. The responsibility of administering and charting medication lies with the LVT (Licensed Veterinary Technician). LVTs are trained professionals who have the knowledge and skills to safely administer medications to animals and accurately record the details of the medication given in the medical charts. This ensures proper documentation and monitoring of the animal's medication history, helping to provide effective and appropriate healthcare.Rate this question:
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- 10.
The patient's five rights include:
- A.
Right drug
- B.
Right day
- C.
Right hospital
- D.
Right time
- E.
Right color
- F.
Right client
- G.
Right angle
- H.
Right dose
- I.
Right route
- J.
Right patient
Correct Answer(s)
A. Right drug
D. Right time
H. Right dose
I. Right route
J. Right patientExplanation
The patient's five rights refer to the essential elements that must be ensured when administering medication. These include giving the right drug, at the right time, in the right dose, through the right route, and to the right patient. These rights are crucial to prevent medication errors and ensure patient safety.Rate this question:
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- 11.
The series of events that occur after a drug has been administered including absorption and distribution are known as _______________________.
Correct Answer(s)
PharmacokineticsExplanation
Pharmacokinetics refers to the series of events that take place after a drug has been administered, including absorption and distribution. It involves the study of how drugs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated by the body. Understanding pharmacokinetics is important in determining the dosage and frequency of drug administration to achieve the desired therapeutic effect.Rate this question:
- 12.
Some drugs are given at a high dose to begin with, followed by smaller amounts to replace what the body has eliminated. The initial high dose is called the __________ dose.
Correct Answer(s)
LoadingExplanation
In pharmacology, the term "loading dose" refers to the initial high dose of a drug that is administered to quickly achieve a therapeutic level in the body. This loading dose is often followed by smaller maintenance doses to replace the drug that has been eliminated by the body. The purpose of the loading dose is to rapidly establish the desired drug concentration in the body, especially when immediate therapeutic effects are required.Rate this question:
- 13.
_________________ often leads to less-than-effective levels, while ________________ is often toxic. (include a comma between answers)
Correct Answer(s)
Underdosing, overdosingExplanation
Underdosing refers to administering a lower dose of a medication or substance than what is recommended or necessary. This can lead to ineffective levels, as the desired therapeutic effect may not be achieved. On the other hand, overdosing refers to administering a higher dose than what is recommended or safe. This can result in toxic effects, as the body may not be able to metabolize or eliminate the excess amount of the substance.Rate this question:
- 14.
______ medication is placed into the oral cavity or by a nasogastric or orogastric tube to the stomach.
Correct Answer(s)
OralExplanation
The correct answer is "Oral" because it refers to the administration of medication through the mouth, either by swallowing it or by placing it directly into the oral cavity. This route of administration allows the medication to be absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract and enter the bloodstream. It is a common and convenient method of medication administration.Rate this question:
- 15.
Which of the following routes of administration usually last the longest?
- A.
Oral
- B.
Intravenous
- C.
Intramuscular
- D.
Subcutaneous
Correct Answer
A. OralExplanation
Oral administration usually lasts the longest compared to other routes of administration. This is because when a medication is taken orally, it has to go through the digestive system, where it is absorbed into the bloodstream. This process can take some time, resulting in a slower onset of action and a longer duration of effect. In contrast, intravenous, intramuscular, and subcutaneous routes of administration deliver medications directly into the bloodstream or muscle tissue, resulting in a faster onset of action but a shorter duration of effect.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Species, pH of drug, solubility of drug, size and shape of drug molecule, presence or absence of food in the GI tract, and degree of GI motility/disease process are all factors that determine the ____________ of a drug.
Correct Answer
AbsorptionExplanation
The factors listed in the question, such as species, pH of the drug, solubility of the drug, size and shape of the drug molecule, presence or absence of food in the GI tract, and degree of GI motility/disease process, all contribute to the process of drug absorption. These factors affect how well and how quickly a drug is absorbed into the bloodstream after administration. Therefore, the correct answer is absorption.Rate this question:
- 17.
Powdered drugs compressed into pills or disks
Correct Answer
Tablet
TabletsExplanation
The given answer "Tablet, Tablets" is the correct answer because powdered drugs are often compressed into pills or disks, which are commonly known as tablets. Tablets are a common form of medication that are easy to consume and transport. Therefore, the answer accurately describes the process of compressing powdered drugs into pills or disks.Rate this question:
- 18.
Powdered drugs enclosed within a gelatin coat.
Correct Answer
Capsule
CapsulesExplanation
Capsules are a type of pharmaceutical dosage form that consists of powdered drugs enclosed within a gelatin coat. They are commonly used to administer medications orally. The gelatin coating helps to protect the drug from degradation and allows for easier swallowing. Capsules can come in different sizes and can be filled with a single drug or a combination of drugs. They are often used when the drug substance is not easily compressed into a solid tablet form or when multiple drugs need to be combined in a single dose.Rate this question:
- 19.
Drugs coated with a substance that prevents stomach acids from dissolving the pill until it enter the intestines.
Correct Answer
Enteric coated
Enteric-coatedExplanation
Enteric coating is a process in which drugs are coated with a substance that prevents stomach acids from dissolving the pill until it reaches the intestines. This is done to protect the drug from being destroyed by the acidic environment of the stomach and to ensure that it is released in the intestines where it can be absorbed effectively. Enteric coating is commonly used for drugs that are sensitive to stomach acids or that need to be released in a specific part of the gastrointestinal tract.Rate this question:
- 20.
Form of medication that releases small amounts of drug over an extended period of time into the intestinal mucosa.
Correct Answer
Sustained-release
Sustained releaseExplanation
The correct answer is "Sustained-release" or "Sustained release" because this form of medication slowly releases small amounts of the drug into the intestinal mucosa over an extended period of time. This allows for a continuous and controlled release of the drug, maintaining therapeutic levels in the body.Rate this question:
- 21.
Drug dissolved in liquid that does NOT settle out if left standing.
Correct Answer
SolutionExplanation
A solution is a homogeneous mixture in which a drug is dissolved in a liquid. In a solution, the drug particles are evenly distributed throughout the liquid and do not settle out if left standing. This is because the particles of the drug are small enough to remain dispersed in the liquid and do not have enough mass to settle under the force of gravity. Therefore, a solution is the correct answer for a drug dissolved in a liquid that does not settle out if left standing.Rate this question:
- 22.
Drug suspended in liquid that tends to settle out if left standing.
Correct Answer
SuspensionExplanation
A suspension is a drug that is mixed with a liquid but tends to settle out if left standing. In a suspension, the drug particles are dispersed throughout the liquid but are not completely dissolved. This causes the drug particles to settle at the bottom of the container over time. To use a suspension, it needs to be shaken or mixed before administration to ensure an even distribution of the drug particles in the liquid.Rate this question:
- 23.
Solutions of drugs with water and sugar.
Correct Answer
Syrup
SyrupsExplanation
The correct answer is Syrup or Syrups because the question mentions "solutions of drugs with water and sugar." Syrups are commonly used to administer medication, where drugs are dissolved in water and mixed with sugar to make them more palatable. Syrups are thick, viscous liquids that are easy to swallow and often used for children or individuals who have difficulty swallowing pills. Therefore, Syrup or Syrups is the appropriate answer.Rate this question:
- 24.
Enteric-coated and solution drugs are not common.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Enteric-coated and sustained release forms are not common.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Drugs given by injection.
Correct Answer
ParenteralExplanation
Parenteral refers to the administration of drugs through routes other than the digestive tract, such as injection. This can include intravenous, intramuscular, or subcutaneous injections. The term "parenteral" is used to differentiate from drugs that are taken orally or through other forms of ingestion. By administering drugs parenterally, they can be absorbed more quickly and directly into the bloodstream, allowing for faster onset of action and more precise control of dosage.Rate this question:
- 26.
Which of the following routes of administration have the shortest duration?
- A.
Oral
- B.
Intravenous
- C.
Intramuscular
- D.
Subcutaneous
Correct Answer
B. IntravenousExplanation
Intravenous administration involves directly injecting a substance into the veins, allowing for rapid absorption and immediate effect. This route bypasses the digestive system, avoiding the time required for absorption and metabolism. Therefore, drugs administered intravenously have the shortest duration compared to other routes such as oral, intramuscular, or subcutaneous, which may involve slower absorption and metabolism processes.Rate this question:
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- 27.
Most drugs that are oil-based or have suspended particles should not be given IV.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Oil-based drugs or drugs with suspended particles should not be given intravenously because they can cause blockages in the blood vessels, leading to serious complications such as embolism or organ damage. Intravenous administration is typically reserved for drugs that are water-based and can be easily dissolved in the bloodstream. Giving oil-based or particle-containing drugs intravenously can be potentially life-threatening and should be avoided.Rate this question:
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- 28.
NEVER, NEVER, NEVER give ampicillin IV.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
PenicillinRate this question:
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- 29.
__________ injections deliver drugs into the dermis of the skin.
Correct Answer
ID
IntradermalExplanation
Intradermal injections deliver drugs into the dermis of the skin. The abbreviation "ID" stands for "Intradermal," which refers to the administration of medication into the layer of skin just below the epidermis. This type of injection is commonly used for diagnostic tests, such as tuberculosis screening or allergy testing, as well as for certain vaccinations. By delivering the drug directly into the dermis, intradermal injections allow for efficient absorption and distribution of the medication throughout the body.Rate this question:
- 30.
TB or allergy testing uses which of the following routes:
- A.
IM
- B.
SQ
- C.
ID
- D.
IP
Correct Answer
C. IDExplanation
TB or allergy testing uses the ID (intradermal) route. This involves injecting a small amount of the test substance just under the skin. This allows for a localized reaction to occur, which can help determine if the individual is allergic to the substance or if they have been exposed to tuberculosis. Other routes such as IM (intramuscular), SQ (subcutaneous), and IP (intraperitoneal) are not typically used for TB or allergy testing.Rate this question:
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- 31.
Used as a last resort if other areas are not available.
- A.
IM
- B.
SQ
- C.
ID
- D.
IP
Correct Answer
D. IPExplanation
The given sequence is a combination of two-letter codes. Each code represents a specific area or location. The correct answer, "IP," suggests that it is used as a last resort if other areas are not available. This implies that IP is likely a code for a backup or alternative location that is utilized when other options are unavailable.Rate this question:
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- 32.
This route of administration can be used to euthanize pocket pets.
- A.
IM
- B.
SQ
- C.
ID
- D.
IP
Correct Answer
D. IPExplanation
The correct answer is IP, which stands for intraperitoneal. This route of administration involves injecting a substance directly into the peritoneal cavity, which is the space surrounding the organs in the abdomen. It is commonly used in veterinary medicine to euthanize pocket pets, such as hamsters or guinea pigs. The IP route allows for rapid absorption of the euthanasia solution, leading to a quick and painless death for the animal.Rate this question:
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- 33.
This route of administration is not usually performed. Accidental administration by this route can be fatal.
- A.
Intra-arterial
- B.
Inhalation
- C.
Topical
- D.
Transdermal
Correct Answer
A. Intra-arterialExplanation
Intra-arterial administration refers to the delivery of a substance directly into an artery. This route is not commonly used due to its invasive nature and potential risks. Accidental administration by this route can be fatal because it bypasses the body's natural defense mechanisms and can lead to severe complications such as embolism or tissue damage. Therefore, it is important to avoid administering substances intra-arterially unless it is specifically intended and performed by trained medical professionals.Rate this question:
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- 34.
This route of administration is used for general anesthesia and in cases of asthma.
Correct Answer
InhalationExplanation
Inhalation is the route of administration used for general anesthesia and in cases of asthma. Inhalation involves the intake of substances through the respiratory system, allowing them to directly reach the lungs and be absorbed into the bloodstream. This method is effective for delivering anesthesia gases and medications to induce unconsciousness during surgery. Additionally, inhalation therapy is commonly used for asthma treatment as it allows medications to directly target the airways, providing quick relief and improving respiratory function.Rate this question:
- 35.
_____________ drugs are placed on the skin or mucous membranes.
Correct Answer
TopicalExplanation
Topical drugs are applied directly on the skin or mucous membranes. They are designed to act locally and are absorbed into the tissues to provide relief or treatment for various conditions such as skin infections, inflammation, or pain. These drugs are available in various forms such as creams, ointments, gels, or patches, and are commonly used for dermatological conditions, wound healing, or local pain management. Applying drugs topically allows for targeted treatment and avoids potential side effects associated with systemic absorption.Rate this question:
- 36.
______________ administration delivers drugs through the skin. The most common application is of Fentanyl.
Correct Answer
TransdermalExplanation
Transdermal administration refers to the delivery of drugs through the skin. This method allows the drug to be absorbed directly into the bloodstream, bypassing the digestive system. Fentanyl is a commonly used drug that is administered transdermally. It is typically delivered through a patch that is applied to the skin, allowing for slow and controlled release of the medication over a period of time. This route of administration is often used for drugs that need to be delivered continuously or for long-term treatment.Rate this question:
- 37.
The degree to which drugs are absorbed and reach general circulation is called ____________________.
Correct Answer
BioavailabilityExplanation
Bioavailability refers to the extent to which a drug is absorbed into the bloodstream and reaches the general circulation. It indicates the fraction of the administered dose that actually reaches the systemic circulation and is available to produce a pharmacological effect. Factors such as the route of administration, drug formulation, and metabolism can affect the bioavailability of a drug.Rate this question:
- 38.
Drugs pass across membranes by three different ways:
- A.
Phagocytosis
- B.
Pinocytosis
- C.
Facilitated diffusion
- D.
Passive absorption
- E.
Active transport
- F.
Simple diffusion
Correct Answer(s)
B. Pinocytosis
D. Passive absorption
E. Active transportExplanation
Drugs can pass across membranes through various mechanisms. Pinocytosis is a process in which the cell engulfs the drug particles by forming vesicles. Passive absorption occurs when the drug molecules move across the membrane down their concentration gradient. Active transport involves the movement of drugs against their concentration gradient with the help of carrier proteins. These three mechanisms allow drugs to enter or exit cells. Simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and phagocytosis are not mentioned in the answer, so they are not relevant to the explanation.Rate this question:
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- 39.
The greater the blood supply to an area, the slower the drug is absorbed.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The faster the drug is absorbed.Rate this question:
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- 40.
Drugs must move from the absorption site into blood __________. From there, into the ______________ fluid, and then into the _____________ sites of the target cells. (include a comma between answers)
Correct Answer
Plasma, interstitial, receptorExplanation
Drugs need to move from the absorption site into the bloodstream, specifically the plasma, before they can reach the interstitial fluid surrounding the cells. From there, they can then move into the receptor sites of the target cells.Rate this question:
- 41.
___________________ is the body's ability to change a drug chemically from the form in which it was administered into a form that can be eliminated from the body.
Correct Answer
Biotransformation
MetabolismExplanation
Biotransformation, also known as metabolism, refers to the body's ability to chemically change a drug from its administered form into a form that can be eliminated from the body. This process involves various enzymatic reactions that convert the drug into metabolites, which are then excreted through urine or feces. Biotransformation is an essential process in drug elimination and helps to detoxify and remove drugs from the body.Rate this question:
- 42.
The main site of biotransformation is
- A.
Heart
- B.
Kidneys
- C.
Liver
- D.
Speedo
Correct Answer
C. LiverExplanation
The liver is the main site of biotransformation. Biotransformation refers to the process by which the body metabolizes or transforms various substances, such as drugs or toxins, into different forms that can be easily eliminated from the body. The liver plays a crucial role in this process as it contains enzymes that are responsible for breaking down and modifying these substances. This allows for their elimination through urine or bile. The kidneys and heart are not primarily involved in biotransformation, and Speedo is not a relevant organ in this context.Rate this question:
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- 43.
A drug that has been transformed is called a
Correct Answer
metaboliteExplanation
A drug that has been transformed is called a metabolite. Metabolites are the products that result from the metabolism of a drug in the body. When a drug is metabolized, it undergoes various chemical reactions that break it down into different compounds, known as metabolites. These metabolites may have different pharmacological properties compared to the original drug, and they can be further processed and eliminated from the body. Therefore, metabolites play a crucial role in drug metabolism and are important for understanding the effects and fate of drugs in the body.Rate this question:
- 44.
Name one method used to transform a drug.
Correct Answer
Oxidation
Reduction
Hydrolysis
ConjugationExplanation
These are all methods used to transform a drug. Oxidation involves the addition of oxygen or removal of hydrogen from a molecule. Reduction involves the addition of hydrogen or removal of oxygen from a molecule. Hydrolysis is the process of breaking down a compound by adding water. Conjugation involves combining a drug molecule with another molecule, such as a sugar or amino acid, to make it more water-soluble and easier for the body to eliminate.Rate this question:
- 45.
____________ is a loss of electrons.
Correct Answer
OxidationExplanation
Oxidation is a chemical process in which a substance loses electrons. This loss of electrons results in an increase in the oxidation state of the substance. Therefore, oxidation can be described as a loss of electrons.Rate this question:
- 46.
_____________ is a gain of electrons
Correct Answer
ReductionExplanation
Reduction is a process in which a substance gains electrons. This can occur when a molecule or ion accepts electrons from another molecule or ion. The reduction process leads to a decrease in the oxidation state of the substance and is often accompanied by a gain of negative charge. In chemical reactions, reduction is typically paired with oxidation, which involves the loss of electrons. Together, these processes are known as redox reactions. Therefore, the given correct answer, "Reduction," accurately describes the gain of electrons.Rate this question:
- 47.
_____________ is splitting the drug and adding a H2O molecule to the split products.
Correct Answer
HydrolysisExplanation
Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction in which a compound is broken down by the addition of water molecules. In the context of the given question, hydrolysis is the process of splitting a drug molecule and adding a water molecule to the resulting products. This reaction can be important in pharmacology and drug metabolism, as it can lead to the breakdown of drugs into smaller, more easily excreted compounds.Rate this question:
- 48.
______________ is adding glucouronic acid which makes the drug more water-soluble.
Correct Answer
ConjugationExplanation
Conjugation is the process of adding glucouronic acid to a drug, which increases its water solubility. This chemical modification allows the drug to be more easily excreted from the body, as water-soluble substances can be eliminated through urine. Conjugation is an important metabolic pathway that helps in detoxification and elimination of drugs from the body.Rate this question:
- 49.
Most drugs are metabolized by the _________ and excreted by the _________. (include a comma between answers)
Correct Answer
liver, kidneysExplanation
Most drugs are metabolized by the liver, where they are broken down into smaller, more easily excreted molecules. These metabolites are then eliminated from the body through the kidneys, which filter waste products from the blood and excrete them in the form of urine. The liver and kidneys play crucial roles in the body's detoxification process, ensuring that drugs and other toxins are efficiently processed and eliminated.Rate this question:
- 50.
Name the two methods the kidneys use to excrete drugs. (include a comma between answers)
Correct Answer
Glomerular filtrate, tubular secretion
Tubular secretion, glomerular filtrateExplanation
The kidneys use two methods to excrete drugs: glomerular filtrate and tubular secretion. Glomerular filtrate refers to the process in which drugs are filtered out of the blood and into the kidney tubules. Tubular secretion, on the other hand, involves the active transport of drugs from the blood into the kidney tubules. Both processes play a crucial role in eliminating drugs from the body.Rate this question:
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