Pharmacology Podiatry Year 2
True/false
Questions and Answers
- 1.
Paracetamol and dextroproxyphine (co-proximal) a compound drug. Is safe in patients with severe renal failure
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Paracetamol and dextroproxyphine (co-proximal) is not safe in patients with severe renal failure. Severe renal failure can lead to a decrease in kidney function, which can affect the body's ability to eliminate drugs from the system. Both paracetamol and dextroproxyphine are primarily eliminated through the kidneys, so in patients with severe renal failure, there is a higher risk of drug accumulation and potential toxicity. Therefore, the statement is false.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Paracetamol and dextroproxyphine (co-proximal) a compound drug. Is safe in patients with liver failure
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. False -
- 3.
Paracetamol and dextroproxyphine (co-proximal) a compound drug. Is as potent an analgesic as morphine
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The statement is false because paracetamol and dextroproxyphine (co-proximal) are not as potent as morphine as an analgesic. While they may have some analgesic effects, morphine is a much stronger and more effective pain reliever.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Paracetamol and dextroproxyphine (co-proximal) compound drug. Can induce addiction
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The compound drug containing paracetamol and dextroproxyphine (co-proximal) can indeed induce addiction. Both paracetamol and dextroproxyphine have the potential to cause dependence and addiction when used inappropriately or for a prolonged period of time. It is important to use these medications as directed by a healthcare professional and to be aware of the potential risks associated with their use.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Paracetamol and dextroproxyphine (co-proximal) compound drug. Is an example of a compound product
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The given statement is true because Paracetamol and dextroproxyphine (co-proximal) compound drug is a combination of two active ingredients, making it a compound product. Compound products are formed by mixing two or more substances to create a new product with different properties or effects. In this case, Paracetamol and dextroproxyphine are combined to create a medication that provides pain relief and reduces fever.Rate this question:
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- 6.
DMARD's are a group of drugs that: Include hydroxycholoquine
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
DMARDs (Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs) are a group of drugs used to treat autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. Hydroxychloroquine is indeed considered a DMARD and is commonly used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and other autoimmune conditions. Therefore, the statement "DMARD's include hydroxychloroquine" is true.Rate this question:
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- 7.
DMARD's are a group of drugs that; Slow the course of rheumatic disease and can be induce remission
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
DMARDs (Disease-Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs) are a group of medications that are used to slow down the progression of rheumatic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis. These drugs work by targeting the underlying immune system dysfunction that causes inflammation and joint damage. By reducing inflammation and preventing further joint destruction, DMARDs can help control symptoms, improve physical function, and even induce remission in some cases. Therefore, the statement "DMARDs are a group of drugs that slow the course of rheumatic disease and can induce remission" is true.Rate this question:
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- 8.
DMARD's are a group of drgs that; are only available orally
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
DMARDs, or Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs, are a group of medications used to treat autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis. These drugs are available in various forms, including oral tablets, injections, and infusions. Therefore, the statement that DMARDs are only available orally is incorrect.Rate this question:
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- 9.
DMARD's are a group of drugs that; are used as an adjunct to NSAID's
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
DMARDs, or Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs, are a group of medications that are used in conjunction with NSAIDs (Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs) to treat various autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis. DMARDs work by suppressing the immune system and slowing down the progression of the disease, while NSAIDs help to relieve pain and inflammation. Therefore, it is true that DMARDs are used as an adjunct to NSAIDs.Rate this question:
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- 10.
DMARD's are a group of drgs that; Can display minimal side effects
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The statement that DMARDs can display minimal side effects is false. DMARDs, which stands for Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs, are a group of medications used to treat autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis. While DMARDs are effective in managing these conditions, they can have various side effects, including gastrointestinal issues, liver problems, and increased risk of infections. Therefore, it is not accurate to claim that DMARDs have minimal side effects.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Antibiotics, Allergy or hypersensitivity adverse reaction are common
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Antibiotics, allergy, or hypersensitivity adverse reactions are indeed common. Antibiotics are known to cause adverse reactions in some individuals, such as allergic reactions or hypersensitivity. These reactions can range from mild symptoms like rashes or itching to severe reactions like anaphylaxis. Therefore, it is true that antibiotics, allergy, or hypersensitivity adverse reactions are common.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Antibiotics, the following adverse reaction is common; superinfection at large doses
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Superinfection is a common adverse reaction to antibiotics, especially at large doses. When antibiotics are used to kill harmful bacteria, they can also disrupt the balance of good bacteria in the body. This can create an opportunity for other bacteria or fungi to overgrow and cause a new infection, known as a superinfection. Superinfections can occur in various parts of the body, such as the mouth, intestines, or genital area. Therefore, it is true that superinfection is a common adverse reaction to antibiotics, particularly when taken in high doses.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Antibiotics, the following adverse reaction is common; Organ toxicity due to metabolism in liver and kidneys
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Antibiotics can cause organ toxicity due to their metabolism in the liver and kidneys. This is a common adverse reaction because these organs are responsible for metabolizing and eliminating drugs from the body. When antibiotics are broken down in the liver and kidneys, they can produce toxic byproducts that can harm these organs. Therefore, it is true that organ toxicity due to metabolism in the liver and kidneys is a common adverse reaction of antibiotics.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Antibiotics, the following adverse reaction is common; Nausea, vomitting and diarrhoea
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea are common adverse reactions to antibiotics. These symptoms are often caused by the disruption of the normal balance of bacteria in the gut, leading to digestive issues. It is important to note that not everyone experiences these side effects, and they can vary in severity depending on the individual and the specific antibiotic being taken. However, it is generally recognized that these gastrointestinal symptoms are common reactions to antibiotics.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Antibiotics, the following adverse reaction is common; Blood platelet aggregation
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
False. Antibiotics do not commonly cause blood platelet aggregation. Adverse reactions to antibiotics can include allergic reactions, gastrointestinal disturbances, and antibiotic resistance, but not blood platelet aggregation.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Penicillins; Are highly lipid soluble
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Penicillins are not highly lipid soluble. Lipid solubility refers to the ability of a substance to dissolve in lipids or fats. Penicillins, including penicillin G and penicillin V, are hydrophilic (water-soluble) antibiotics that do not readily dissolve in lipids. They are primarily excreted through the kidneys and have limited ability to penetrate lipid-rich tissues. Therefore, the statement "Penicillins are highly lipid soluble" is incorrect.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Penicillins; Are excreted by glomerular filtration
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
excreted by both glomerular filtration and tubular secretion.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Penicillins; Are bactericidal in action
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Penicillins are a type of antibiotics that are bactericidal in action, meaning they kill bacteria rather than just inhibiting their growth. They work by interfering with the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall, causing the bacteria to burst and die. This makes penicillins an effective treatment for bacterial infections.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Antibiotics; Are usually highly effective against by gram-positive organisms
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Antibiotics are typically highly effective against gram-positive organisms. Gram-positive bacteria have a thick cell wall that is susceptible to the mechanisms of action of many antibiotics. These antibiotics can target and disrupt the cell wall, leading to the death or inhibition of the gram-positive bacteria. Therefore, it is true that antibiotics are usually highly effective against gram-positive organisms.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Intreating infection; cultures must always be taken first
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Taking cultures is not always necessary for treating an infection. While cultures can be helpful in identifying the specific bacteria or microorganism causing the infection and determining the most effective treatment, they are not always required. In some cases, a healthcare professional may be able to diagnose and treat an infection based on the symptoms and medical history of the patient. Additionally, in emergency situations where immediate treatment is necessary, cultures may be skipped initially and started later if needed. Therefore, the statement that cultures must always be taken first is false.Rate this question:
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- 21.
In treating infection; A clinical picture is of no help in deciding the antibiotic therapy (appropriate)
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The statement "A clinical picture is of no help in deciding the antibiotic therapy" is incorrect. The clinical picture, which includes a patient's symptoms, physical examination findings, and laboratory test results, is crucial in determining the appropriate antibiotic therapy for an infection. It helps healthcare providers in identifying the type of infection, its severity, and the most likely causative organism. This information is essential for selecting the right antibiotic that will effectively target the specific bacteria causing the infection. Therefore, the correct answer is False.Rate this question:
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- 22.
In treating infection; Superinfection implies infection with an organism resistant to antibiotics
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Superinfection does not imply infection with an organism resistant to antibiotics. Instead, superinfection refers to a secondary infection that occurs during or after a primary infection, typically caused by a different organism or strain. This secondary infection can occur due to the disruption of normal microbial flora or the weakening of the immune system by the primary infection or antibiotic treatment. Thus, the correct answer is False.Rate this question:
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- 23.
In treating infection; Assessment of the patients general health is vital
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Assessing the patient's general health is crucial in treating infection because it helps determine the overall condition of the patient's immune system and ability to fight off the infection. The patient's general health can provide valuable information about their underlying medical conditions, nutritional status, and overall well-being, which can impact the effectiveness of the treatment plan. By assessing the patient's general health, healthcare providers can tailor the treatment approach, consider any necessary adjustments or precautions, and provide appropriate care to improve the patient's chances of recovery.Rate this question:
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- 24.
In treating infections; Combinations of antibiotics are sometimes useful
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Combining antibiotics can be useful in treating infections because different antibiotics have different mechanisms of action and target different types of bacteria. By using a combination of antibiotics, it is possible to target a broader range of bacteria and prevent the development of antibiotic resistance. Additionally, some antibiotics may work synergistically when used together, enhancing their effectiveness in killing bacteria. However, it is important to note that the use of combination therapy should be done under the guidance of a healthcare professional to ensure appropriate selection of antibiotics and minimize the risk of adverse effects.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Aminoglycosides; Do not case nephrotoxicity
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Aminoglycosides can cause nephrotoxicity.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Aminoglycosides; Are bacteriostatic in action
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Aminoglycosides are not bacteriostatic, they are bactericidal in action. Bacteriostatic drugs inhibit the growth and reproduction of bacteria, whereas bactericidal drugs kill the bacteria directly. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial ribosomes and disrupting protein synthesis, leading to the death of the bacteria. Therefore, the statement that aminoglycosides are bacteriostatic is incorrect.Rate this question:
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- 27.
Aminoglycosides; May cause ototoxictiy
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Aminoglycosides are a class of antibiotics that can cause ototoxicity, which refers to damage to the inner ear and resulting hearing loss or balance problems. This side effect is well-documented and has been observed in patients taking aminoglycosides. Therefore, the statement "Aminoglycosides may cause ototoxicity" is true.Rate this question:
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- 28.
Aminoglycosides; Can be bought as OTC (over the counter)
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Aminoglycosides are a type of antibiotic medication that is not available over the counter. These medications are typically prescribed by a healthcare professional and require a prescription to be obtained from a pharmacy. Therefore, the statement that aminoglycosides can be bought as over the counter is false.Rate this question:
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- 29.
Erythromycin; Is a liver enzyme inhibitor
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Erythromycin is not a liver enzyme inhibitor. It is actually an antibiotic that is commonly used to treat various bacterial infections. It works by inhibiting the growth of bacteria, rather than inhibiting liver enzymes. Therefore, the correct answer is False.Rate this question:
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- 30.
Erythromycin; Is well absorbed after oral administration
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Erythromycin is a macrolide antibiotic that is well absorbed after oral administration. This means that when taken by mouth, it is efficiently absorbed into the bloodstream and can reach its target site to exert its therapeutic effects. This characteristic is important for the effectiveness of erythromycin as an oral medication.Rate this question:
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- 31.
Erythromycin; May cause nausea and vomitting
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Erythromycin is a medication that is known to commonly cause nausea and vomiting as side effects. Therefore, it is true that taking erythromycin may result in these symptoms.Rate this question:
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- 32.
Erythromycin; May be used to treat legionella pneumonia
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Erythromycin is a type of antibiotic that is commonly used to treat various bacterial infections, including pneumonia. Legionella pneumonia is a specific type of pneumonia caused by the Legionella bacteria. Erythromycin is effective in treating Legionella pneumonia because it specifically targets and kills the bacteria responsible for the infection. Therefore, it is true that erythromycin may be used to treat Legionella pneumonia.Rate this question:
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- 33.
Erythromycin: Is effective against anaerobic organisms
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Erythromycin is not effective against anaerobic organisms. It is primarily used to treat infections caused by aerobic bacteria. Anaerobic organisms, on the other hand, do not require oxygen to survive and reproduce. Therefore, erythromycin would not be an appropriate treatment for infections caused by anaerobic bacteria.Rate this question:
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- 34.
Tetracyclines; Are broad spectrum antibiotics
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Tetracyclines are a group of antibiotics that are known for their broad spectrum activity. They are effective against a wide range of bacteria, including both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. This means that they can be used to treat a variety of infections caused by different types of bacteria. Therefore, the statement "Tetracyclines are broad spectrum antibiotics" is true.Rate this question:
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- 35.
Tetracyclines; Case permanent mottling and permanent discolouration of teeth in children
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Tetracyclines can cause permanent mottling and discolouration of teeth in children. This side effect is well-documented and occurs when these antibiotics are taken during tooth development, usually in childhood. The deposition of tetracyclines in developing teeth can lead to yellow or brown discoloration and even enamel hypoplasia. It is important for healthcare professionals to be aware of this potential adverse effect and to consider alternative antibiotics in pediatric patients to avoid long-term dental consequences.Rate this question:
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- 36.
Tetracyclines; Are contraindicated in pregnant women
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Tetracyclines are contraindicated in pregnant women because they can cross the placenta and affect the developing fetus. They can cause permanent discoloration of the teeth and inhibit bone growth in the fetus. Additionally, tetracyclines can also cause liver toxicity in pregnant women. Therefore, it is important to avoid the use of tetracyclines during pregnancy to prevent any potential harm to the mother and the baby.Rate this question:
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- 37.
Tetracyclines; Interact with antacids
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Tetracyclines do interact with antacids. Antacids contain metal cations such as aluminum, calcium, magnesium, and iron, which can form complexes with tetracyclines, reducing their absorption and effectiveness. It is recommended to take tetracyclines at least 2 hours before or after taking antacids to avoid this interaction.Rate this question:
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- 38.
Tetracyclines; Can be used by renal impaired patients
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Tetracyclines cannot be used by renal impaired patients. These antibiotics are primarily eliminated through the kidneys, so patients with impaired renal function would have difficulty clearing the drug from their system. This can lead to higher levels of the medication in the body, increasing the risk of adverse effects. Therefore, it is not recommended to use tetracyclines in patients with renal impairment.Rate this question:
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- 39.
Tuberculosis. In treating TB multiple drug therapy is usual
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
In treating tuberculosis (TB), multiple drug therapy is usual. This means that it is common practice to use a combination of different drugs to treat TB. The reason for this is that using multiple drugs helps to prevent the development of drug-resistant strains of the bacteria that causes TB. Additionally, different drugs target the bacteria in different ways, increasing the effectiveness of the treatment. Therefore, it is true that multiple drug therapy is usual in treating TB.Rate this question:
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- 40.
In treating TB; Treaatment for one month is considered adequate
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The statement that treatment for one month is considered adequate in treating TB is false. Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial infection that requires a longer duration of treatment to ensure complete eradication of the bacteria. The standard treatment for drug-susceptible TB usually involves a combination of antibiotics taken for a minimum of six months. This extended treatment duration is necessary to effectively kill the bacteria and prevent the development of drug resistance. Therefore, one month of treatment is not considered adequate in treating TB.Rate this question:
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- 41.
In treating TB; Longer treatment is required for TB meningitis and resistant organisms
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
TB meningitis is a more severe form of tuberculosis that affects the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It requires a longer treatment duration compared to other forms of TB due to the complexity of the infection and the need to penetrate the central nervous system. Additionally, resistant organisms, which are bacteria that have developed resistance to certain antibiotics, can further complicate the treatment process and require a longer duration of treatment to effectively eliminate the infection. Therefore, the statement is true.Rate this question:
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- 42.
In treating TB; Second line drugs inclde rifabutin and streptomycin
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The statement is true because rifabutin and streptomycin are indeed second-line drugs used in the treatment of tuberculosis. Rifabutin is a bactericidal antibiotic that is effective against both drug-susceptible and drug-resistant strains of TB. Streptomycin, on the other hand, is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that is primarily used in combination with other drugs for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). These second-line drugs are reserved for cases where the first-line drugs have failed or are not effective, and they play a crucial role in the management of TB.Rate this question:
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- 43.
In treating TB; Two phases are sed, the initial phase uses at least three drugs and a continuation phase uses two drugs
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The statement is true because the treatment for tuberculosis (TB) typically involves two phases. In the initial phase, at least three drugs are used to attack the TB bacteria and prevent them from becoming resistant to the medication. This phase usually lasts for about two months. After the initial phase, the continuation phase begins, which involves using two drugs to further eliminate any remaining bacteria and prevent a relapse. This phase usually lasts for about four to seven months. Therefore, the statement is correct in stating that two phases are involved in treating TB, with the initial phase using at least three drugs and the continuation phase using two drugs.Rate this question:
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- 44.
The following antibiotics should be avoided in pregnancy; Gentamycin
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Gentamycin is an antibiotic that belongs to the aminoglycoside class of drugs. It is known to cross the placenta and can potentially harm the developing fetus. Therefore, it is generally recommended to avoid the use of gentamycin during pregnancy unless the potential benefits outweigh the risks.Rate this question:
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- 45.
The following antibiotics should be avoided in pregnancy; Tetracycline
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Tetracycline should be avoided during pregnancy because it can cross the placenta and affect the developing fetus. It can lead to discoloration of the baby's teeth and can also inhibit bone growth. Therefore, it is important to avoid the use of tetracycline antibiotics during pregnancy to ensure the health and development of the baby.Rate this question:
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- 46.
The following antibiotic should be avoided in pregnancy; Amoxicillin
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Amoxicillin is generally considered safe to use during pregnancy. It belongs to the category B of the FDA pregnancy classification, which means that animal studies have not shown any harmful effects on the fetus, and there are no well-controlled studies in pregnant women. However, it is always recommended to consult with a healthcare professional before taking any medication during pregnancy to ensure the safety and appropriateness of the treatment.Rate this question:
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- 47.
The following antibiotic should be avoided in pregnancy; Demeoclocyclin
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Demeoclocyclin is an antibiotic that belongs to the tetracycline class. Tetracyclines are known to cross the placenta and can potentially harm the developing fetus. They can cause discoloration of the teeth and affect bone development in the baby. Therefore, it is recommended to avoid using demeoclocyclin during pregnancy to minimize the risk of these adverse effects on the baby.Rate this question:
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- 48.
The following antibiotic should be avoided in pregnancy; Trimethropin
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Trimethoprim should be avoided in pregnancy because it is classified as a category C drug by the FDA, meaning that it has shown adverse effects on animal fetuses but there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. It can interfere with the development of the baby's blood cells and increase the risk of birth defects. Therefore, it is generally recommended to avoid using trimethoprim during pregnancy unless the potential benefits outweigh the risks.Rate this question:
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- 49.
Amoxicillin; Is a macrolide
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Amoxicillin is not a macrolide. It is a penicillin-type antibiotic that is commonly used to treat bacterial infections. Macrolides, on the other hand, are a different class of antibiotics that include drugs like erythromycin and azithromycin. Therefore, the statement "Amoxicillin is a macrolide" is false.Rate this question:
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- 50.
Amoxicillin; Is beta- lactamase resistant
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Amoxicillin is not beta-lactamase resistant. Beta-lactamase is an enzyme produced by bacteria that can break down the beta-lactam ring in antibiotics, rendering them ineffective. While amoxicillin is a beta-lactam antibiotic, it is not resistant to beta-lactamase. Therefore, it can be inactivated by this enzyme, making the statement false.Rate this question:
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