Pharmacological Principles! Trivia Questions Quiz

1. This is a drug that binds to and stimulates the activity of one or more biochemical receptor types in the body.

Agonist

Antagonist

An agonist is a drug that binds to and stimulates the activity of one or more biochemical receptor types in the body. This means that when an agonist binds to a receptor, it triggers a response or activates the receptor, leading to a specific physiological effect. In contrast, an antagonist is a drug that binds to a receptor but does not activate it, thereby blocking the receptor's activity and preventing the physiological response. Therefore, the correct answer is agonist.

Explanation

An agonist is a drug that binds to and stimulates the activity of one or more biochemical receptor types in the body. This means that when an agonist binds to a receptor, it triggers a response or activates the receptor, leading to a specific physiological effect. In contrast, an antagonist is a drug that binds to a receptor but does not activate it, thereby blocking the receptor's activity and preventing the physiological response. Therefore, the correct answer is agonist.

2. This is the name that describes a drug's chemical composition and molecular structure:

Proprietary name

Generic name

Chemical name

A) Proprietary name is the same thing as a brand name - it is the trade name given by the developer B) Generic or "nonproprietary name" is the original designation of drug during approval process

Explanation

A) Proprietary name is the same thing as a brand name - it is the trade name given by the developer B) Generic or "nonproprietary name" is the original designation of drug during approval process

3. This is a term used to quantify the extent of drug absorption.

Metabolism

Half life

Bioavailability

Distribution

Bioavailability is the term used to quantify the extent of drug absorption. It refers to the proportion of a drug that enters the systemic circulation and is available to produce its desired effect. Factors such as drug formulation, route of administration, and first-pass metabolism can affect the bioavailability of a drug. Therefore, bioavailability is an important pharmacokinetic parameter that helps determine the effectiveness and dosage of a drug.

Explanation

Bioavailability is the term used to quantify the extent of drug absorption. It refers to the proportion of a drug that enters the systemic circulation and is available to produce its desired effect. Factors such as drug formulation, route of administration, and first-pass metabolism can affect the bioavailability of a drug. Therefore, bioavailability is an important pharmacokinetic parameter that helps determine the effectiveness and dosage of a drug.

4. The study of drug-induced congenital anomalies, which deals with the toxic effects that drugs can have on the developing fetus:

Fetal drug effect

Duration of action

Drug-induced teratogenesis

Adverse fetal drug reaction

Drug-induced teratogenesis refers to the study of drug-induced congenital anomalies, specifically the toxic effects that drugs can have on the developing fetus. This field examines how certain medications or substances can cause malformations or abnormalities in the fetus during pregnancy. It focuses on understanding the mechanisms by which these drugs exert their toxic effects and identifying strategies to minimize the risk of harm to the developing fetus.

Explanation

Drug-induced teratogenesis refers to the study of drug-induced congenital anomalies, specifically the toxic effects that drugs can have on the developing fetus. This field examines how certain medications or substances can cause malformations or abnormalities in the fetus during pregnancy. It focuses on understanding the mechanisms by which these drugs exert their toxic effects and identifying strategies to minimize the risk of harm to the developing fetus.

5. How many half-lives does it take for a drug to be considered removed from the body?

4

5

6

7

8

After 5 half-lives it is 97% removed from the body.

Explanation

After 5 half-lives it is 97% removed from the body.

6. Which of the following are areas of slow drug distribution?

Muscle

Heart

Skin

Fat

Brain

Areas of fast distribution are the heart, liver, kidneys, and brain. Areas of slow distribution are muscle, skin, and fat.

Explanation

Areas of fast distribution are the heart, liver, kidneys, and brain. Areas of slow distribution are muscle, skin, and fat.

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7. Which of the following are in the therapeutic range of fro Lithium?

0.9mEq/L

2.2mEq/L

0.4mg//L

1.7mg/L

Therapeutic range is 0.6-1.5mEq/L

Explanation

Therapeutic range is 0.6-1.5mEq/L

8. The broadest term for any undesirable medication-related event inpatient care that is usually iatrogenic in nature (i.e. usually caused by health care professionals but possible by the patient)

Medication misadventure

Adverse drug event

Medication use process

Adverse drug reaction

A) Correct B) This is an injury caused by a medication or an injury in the administration of a medication C) D) any unexpected, undesired, or excessive response to a medication

Explanation

A) Correct B) This is an injury caused by a medication or an injury in the administration of a medication C) D) any unexpected, undesired, or excessive response to a medication

9. An eleceated bleeding time (INR) in a patient on Coumadin is a good example of a:

ADE (Adverse Drug Event)

ADR (Adverse Drug Reaction)

PADE (Potential Adverse Drug Event)

ADWE (Adverse Drug Withdrawal Event)

A) The answer is not ADE because this is an expected outcome of the medication B) this is not an ADR because it is not an adverse effect as a result of the patients body C) Correct, it is a PADE because it is a known adverse effect of the drug D) it is not an ADWE because this does not occur during withdrawal of the medication

Explanation

A) The answer is not ADE because this is an expected outcome of the medication B) this is not an ADR because it is not an adverse effect as a result of the patients body C) Correct, it is a PADE because it is a known adverse effect of the drug D) it is not an ADWE because this does not occur during withdrawal of the medication

10. Which of the following is in the therapeutic range for Digoxin?

1.0ng/ml

2.0ug/ml

2.3ng/ml

0.4ug/lm

0.2ng/ml

Therapeutic range is 0.5-2.0ng/ml

Explanation

Therapeutic range is 0.5-2.0ng/ml

11. Which of the following methods of administration are ways to bypass the liver?

PO

Vaginal

IM

Rectal

Sublingual

The methods of administration mentioned in the answer (vaginal, IM, rectal, sublingual) are all ways to bypass the liver. When a medication is administered orally (PO), it passes through the liver before entering the bloodstream, which can result in the medication being metabolized or broken down before it can have its intended effect. However, when medications are administered vaginally, intramuscularly (IM), rectally, or sublingually, they can be absorbed directly into the bloodstream without first passing through the liver, allowing for a more rapid and efficient delivery of the medication.

Explanation

The methods of administration mentioned in the answer (vaginal, IM, rectal, sublingual) are all ways to bypass the liver. When a medication is administered orally (PO), it passes through the liver before entering the bloodstream, which can result in the medication being metabolized or broken down before it can have its intended effect. However, when medications are administered vaginally, intramuscularly (IM), rectally, or sublingually, they can be absorbed directly into the bloodstream without first passing through the liver, allowing for a more rapid and efficient delivery of the medication.

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12. Which of these drugs has a low therapeutic index?

Tylenol

Warfarin

Coumadin

Digoxin

Heparin

Warfarin and Digoxin have a low therapeutic index. A low therapeutic index means that there is a narrow margin between the drug's therapeutic dose and toxic dose. In other words, the difference between a safe and effective dose and a potentially harmful dose is small. This makes it crucial to carefully monitor the dosage and blood levels of these drugs to avoid toxicity and adverse effects. Tylenol, Coumadin, and Heparin, on the other hand, have a wider therapeutic index, meaning they have a larger margin of safety between the therapeutic and toxic doses.

Explanation

Warfarin and Digoxin have a low therapeutic index. A low therapeutic index means that there is a narrow margin between the drug's therapeutic dose and toxic dose. In other words, the difference between a safe and effective dose and a potentially harmful dose is small. This makes it crucial to carefully monitor the dosage and blood levels of these drugs to avoid toxicity and adverse effects. Tylenol, Coumadin, and Heparin, on the other hand, have a wider therapeutic index, meaning they have a larger margin of safety between the therapeutic and toxic doses.

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13. Which of the following is within the therapeutic range for theophylline?

18mg/ml

18mcg/dl

18mcg/ml

25mg/ml

25mcg/ml

Therapeutic levels are 10-20 mcg/ml

Explanation

Therapeutic levels are 10-20 mcg/ml

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14. Which of the following are within the normal range for Dilantin?

9mcg/dl

18mg/ml

18mcg/dl

15mg/dl

15mcg/dl

Therapeutic range is 10-20mcg/dl

Explanation

Therapeutic range is 10-20mcg/dl

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15. Which of the following administration methods encounters the first-pass effect?

Oral

Vaginal

Rectal

Transdermal

Inhalation

Rectal undergoes both first-pass and non-first-pass routes.

Explanation

Rectal undergoes both first-pass and non-first-pass routes.

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16. Which of the following aid in drug metabolism?

Skeletal muscle

Skin

Oral Mucosa

Intestinal mucosa

Plasma

Skeletal muscle, intestinal mucosa, and plasma aid in drug metabolism. Skeletal muscle contains enzymes that can metabolize drugs, while the intestinal mucosa plays a role in the first-pass metabolism of orally administered drugs. Plasma, which is the liquid component of blood, also contains enzymes that can metabolize drugs. These three factors contribute to the overall metabolism and elimination of drugs from the body.

Explanation

Skeletal muscle, intestinal mucosa, and plasma aid in drug metabolism. Skeletal muscle contains enzymes that can metabolize drugs, while the intestinal mucosa plays a role in the first-pass metabolism of orally administered drugs. Plasma, which is the liquid component of blood, also contains enzymes that can metabolize drugs. These three factors contribute to the overall metabolism and elimination of drugs from the body.

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