Pharmacology Quiz: Antihyperlipidemic Drugs!
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- 1.Which of the following is true concerning lipoproteins?
- A.
They serve to transport lipids from tissue to tissue and participate in lipid metabolism.
- B.
The inside of the particles has varying amounts of neutral lipids, cholesterol esters, and triacylglycerols.
- C.
There are 5 major classes that have specific physiological and anatomical significance. The classes are chylomicrons, VLDL, IDL, LDL, and HDL.
- D.
All of the above are true concerning lipoproteins.
- 2.Which type of lipoprotein is the largest particle of low density, and who's main function is to transport dietary lipids to tissues for use and storage?
- A.
LDLs
- B.
HDLs
- C.
Chylomicrons
- D.
IDLs
- E.
VLDLs
- 3.Which apolipoprotein components of chylomicrons stimulate lipase?
- A.
CII and E
- B.
AI and AII
- C.
B-48 and E
- D.
CIII and AIV
- 4.Which lipoprotein has a half-life of about 3 days and is synthesized from IDL. It is high in cholesterol and cholesterol esters. Its main function is to deliver cholesterol to extra-hepatic tissues and high levels are bad.
- A.
VLDLs
- B.
LDLs
- C.
HDLs
- D.
Chylomicrons
- E.
IDLs
- 5.Which apolipoprotein is the major one in LDLs?
- A.
CII
- B.
B-100
- C.
CIII
- 6.Which lipoprotein is synthesized in the liver and has a half-life of about 12 hours? It functions to transport free fatty acids from the liver to peripheral tissues.
- A.
Chylomicrons
- B.
IDLs
- C.
HDLs
- D.
LDLs
- E.
VLDLs
- 7.What are high levels of VLDL (triglycerides >1000mg/dl) indicative of?
- A.
A risk for heart disease.
- B.
A risk for pancreatitis.
- C.
A risk for stroke.
- D.
A risk for gout.
- 8.Which lipoprotein is formed from the LPL hydrolysis of triglycerides from VLDL? It is either taken up by the liver via LDL receptors or converted to LDL lipoproteins and its main function is as an intermediate for the synthesis of LDL.
- A.
HDLs
- B.
VLDLs
- C.
LDLs
- D.
IDLs
- E.
Chylomicrons
- 9.Which lipoprotein is synthesized in the liver and intestine and is the smallest lipoprotein?
- A.
IDLs
- B.
VLDLs
- C.
HDLs
- D.
Chylomicrons
- E.
LDLs
- 10.Which lipoprotein is considered a scavenger for cholesterol?
- A.
HDLs
- B.
LDLs
- C.
VLDLS
- D.
Chylomicrons
- E.
IDLs
- 11.Which apolipoprotein is important in HDLs?
- A.
AIV
- B.
B-100
- C.
CII
- D.
E
- E.
AI
- 12.What is the function of LCAT (lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase) and where is it located?
- A.
Transfer of cholesteryl esters from HDL to LDL and VLDL - Plasma
- B.
Hydrolysis of triglycerides in HDL and IDL - Liver
- C.
Esterification of free cholesterol to cholesteryl esters - Plasma
- D.
Hydrolysis of chylomicrons and VLDL triglycerides - Capillary Endothelium
- 13.What is the function and location of CETP (cholesterol ester transport protein)?
- A.
Transfer of cholesteryl esters from HDL to LDL and VLDL - Plasma
- B.
Hydrolysis of triglycerides in HDL and IDL - Liver
- C.
Esterification of free cholesterol to cholesteryl esters - Plasma
- D.
Hydrolysis of chylomicrons and VLDL triglycerides - Capillary Endothelium
- 14.What is the function and location of lipoprotein lipase?
- A.
Transfer of cholesteryl esters from HDL to LDL and VLDL - Plasma
- B.
Hydrolysis of triglycerides in HDL and IDL - Liver
- C.
Esterification of free cholesterol to cholesteryl esters - Plasma
- D.
Hydrolysis of chylomicrons and VLDL triglycerides - Capillary Endothelium
- 15.What is the function and location of hepatic lipase?
- A.
Transfer of cholesteryl esters from HDL to LDL and VLDL - Plasma
- B.
Hydrolysis of triglycerides in HDL and IDL - Liver
- C.
Esterification of free cholesterol to cholesteryl esters - Plasma
- D.
Hydrolysis of chylomicrons and VLDL triglycerides - Capillary Endothelium
- 16.What starts the development of atherosclerosis?
- A.
Transport of LDLs from the arterial lumen into endothelial cells and into the space that underlies the arterial epithelium.
- B.
An injury to the artery.
- C.
Low potassium levels in the blood.
- D.
A and B
- E.
A, B, and C
- F.
A and C
- 17.What do oxidized LDLs do?
- A.
Attract monocytes from the cirulation in the sub-endothelial space, after which the monocytes undergo conversion to macrophages.
- B.
Inhibit macrophage mobility, thereby keeping macrophages at the site of atherogenesis which generates free radicals to further oxidize the attached LDLs.
- C.
Undergo uptake by macrophages.
- D.
Are cytotoxic and hence can damage the endothelium directly.
- E.
All of the above are correct.
- 18.What type of cells to macrophages becomes as they engulf more and more cholesterol, becoming large and vacuolated?
- A.
Plasma Cells.
- B.
Neutrophils.
- C.
Xanthoma Cells.
- D.
Super macrophages.
- E.
Foam Cells.
- F.
C and E.
- 19.Which drug to treat hyperlipidemia acts by inhibiting the mobilization of free fatty acids (FFA) from peripheral adipose tissue to the liver?
- A.
Statins
- B.
Fibric Acids
- C.
Niacin (Nicotinic Acid)
- D.
Bile acid-binding Resins
- E.
Ezetimibe
- 20.Which antihyperlipidemic is most effective when given in combination with other drugs?
- A.
Niacin
- B.
Bile acid-binding resins
- C.
Ezetimibe
- D.
Statins
- E.
Fibric Acids
- 21.What is the drug of choice for lowering VLDL levels in patients at risk of pancreatitis and for mixed elevations of LDLs and VLDLs and low levels of HDLs?
- A.
Fibric Acids
- B.
Ezetimibe
- C.
Statins
- D.
Niacin
- E.
Bile acid-binding resins
- 22.How can you avoid some of the adverse effects seen with Niacin (dyspepsia, skin flushing, itching)?
- A.
By taking an NSAID like Aspirin concurrently.
- B.
By taking the medication at night.
- C.
By taking the medication with food.
- D.
By taking the medication on an empty stomach.
- E.
The adverse effects cannot be avoided.
- 23.What conditions are worsened with Niacin (nicotinic acid)?
- A.
Gout
- B.
Cardiac atrial arrhythmias
- C.
Diabetes
- D.
Gallbladder disease
- E.
All of the above
- 24.Giving Niacin in combination with statins causes an increased risk of what disease?
- A.
Gout.
- B.
MI.
- C.
Renal disease.
- D.
Myopathy (rhabdomyolysis).
- E.
Hepatic failure.
- 25.What are the two drugs that are classified as fibric acid derivatives?
- A.
Niacin and Gemfibrozil.
- B.
Gemfibrozil and Fenofibrate.
- C.
Fenofibrate and Ezetimibie.
- D.
Simvastatin and Gemfibrozil.
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