Pg Blazer - Online Test Series 20 - Medicine

Water hammer pulse refers to a forceful and rapid rise and fall in arterial blood pressure. It is characterized by a quick and strong pulse followed by a sudden collapse. Aortic regurgitation is a condition where the aortic valve doesn't close properly, causing blood to flow back into the left ventricle during diastole. This leads to an increased volume of blood in the left ventricle, which then gets forcefully ejected during systole, resulting in a water hammer pulse. Therefore, the correct answer is Aortic regurgitation.

Infections causing hemolytic uremic syndrome:

Enterohaemorrhagic E. coli
Shigella dysenteriae type 1
Campylobacter jejuni
Streptococcus pneumoniae
HIV

Digital clubbing is a condition characterized by the enlargement of the fingertips and nails. It is commonly associated with various respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Endocarditis, pulmonary arteriovenous fistula, and tricuspid atresia are all conditions that can cause digital clubbing. However, aortic dissection is not typically associated with digital clubbing. Aortic dissection is a serious condition where there is a tear in the inner layer of the aorta, the large blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body. While aortic dissection can cause other symptoms, digital clubbing is not one of them.

Pseudomonas endocarditis is seen in intravenous drug abusers and those with prosthetic heart valves.

Causes of raised JVP with hypotension:

Cardiac tamponade
Right ventricular MI
Right heart failure
Constrictive pericarditis
Restrictive cardiomyopathy

Coagulase negative staphylococci are the most common cause of catheter-induced blood infections. These bacteria are commonly found on the skin and can enter the bloodstream through the catheter insertion site. They are a leading cause of healthcare-associated infections and can form biofilms on the catheter surface, making them difficult to treat. Staphylococcus aureus, gram-negative bacilli, and Candida can also cause catheter-related infections, but coagulase negative staphylococci are the most prevalent.

Emphysematous appendicitis is not a life-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus. Malignant otitis externa, rhinocerebral mucormycosis, and emphysematous pyelonephritis are all serious complications that can occur in individuals with diabetes. Malignant otitis externa is a severe infection of the ear canal that can spread to the skull base. Rhinocerebral mucormycosis is a rare but potentially fatal fungal infection that affects the sinuses, brain, and other organs. Emphysematous pyelonephritis is a severe infection of the kidneys that can lead to kidney failure.

Pentoxifylline is useful in decreasing mortality and renal failure in acute liver disease due to alcoholism. It is a medication that improves blood flow by decreasing the viscosity of blood and reducing inflammation. In acute liver disease, alcohol can cause inflammation and damage to the liver, leading to complications such as renal failure. Pentoxifylline helps to reduce inflammation and improve blood flow to the liver, thereby decreasing the risk of mortality and renal failure.

The correct answer is Bone morphogenetic protein receptor II. In primary pulmonary hypertension, there is a basic abnormality in the gene that codes for the bone morphogenetic protein receptor II. This receptor is involved in regulating the growth and development of blood vessels in the lungs. Mutations in this gene can lead to abnormal blood vessel growth and constriction, resulting in increased blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries. This can eventually lead to the development of pulmonary hypertension.

Due to decrease in TSH secretion, there is hypothyroidism in pituitary apoplexy. The other options are known causes of pituitary apoplexy.