Pg Blazer - Online Test Series 2 - Medicine

Iron deficiency anemia is characterized by low levels of iron in the body. TIBC (total iron-binding capacity) measures the amount of iron that can be bound to transferrin, a protein that transports iron in the blood. In iron deficiency anemia, TIBC is increased because there is less iron available to bind to transferrin. Serum ferritin is a protein that stores iron, and its levels decrease in iron deficiency anemia because there is less iron to store. Therefore, the correct answer is A. Increased TIBC, decreased serum ferritin.

The most probable diagnosis in this case is CLL (Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia). CLL is a type of cancer that starts in the bone marrow and affects the lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell. In this case, the patient is asymptomatic and has a high total leukocyte count, with 80% lymphocytes. These findings are consistent with CLL, as it is characterized by an increased number of mature lymphocytes in the blood. The age of the patient (80 years old) is also typical for CLL, as it commonly affects older individuals.

Mycosis fungoides is a form of cutaneous lymphoma, making statement A true. Pautrier's microabscess is a characteristic histopathological finding in Mycosis fungoides, making statement B true. Erythroderma, which is a widespread redness of the skin, is commonly seen in Mycosis fungoides and the disease can spread to the peripheral circulation, making statement D true. However, Mycosis fungoides is not known for having an indolent course or being easily amenable to treatment, making statement C false.

Furosemide is the most useful therapeutic agent in high altitude pulmonary edema. This is because furosemide is a loop diuretic that helps to remove excess fluid from the body, including fluid in the lungs. High altitude pulmonary edema is characterized by fluid accumulation in the lungs, leading to difficulty in breathing. By promoting diuresis, furosemide helps to reduce the fluid buildup in the lungs and alleviate symptoms of pulmonary edema. Nitrates, digitalis, and aminophylline are not as effective in treating high altitude pulmonary edema.

Erythropoietin is a hormone that stimulates the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow. It is primarily produced by the kidneys in response to low oxygen levels in the blood. Hepatocellular carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, and cerebellar hemangioblastoma are all conditions that can cause low oxygen levels in the blood, leading to an increase in erythropoietin production. However, pancreatic carcinoma does not typically cause low oxygen levels in the blood, so erythropoietin levels would not be increased in this condition.

In PML (Promyelocytic leukemia), the correct answer is C. CD 15/34 both seen in same cell. CD15 and CD34 are both cell surface markers that are used to identify different types of cells. In PML, CD15 is typically expressed on the surface of the promyelocytes, while CD34 is not usually seen in these cells. Therefore, the presence of both CD15 and CD34 on the same cell would be atypical and not commonly seen in PML.

Pancytopenia refers to a decrease in all three blood cell types: red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. When pancytopenia is accompanied by a cellular marrow, it suggests that the bone marrow is still producing cells, but they are being destroyed or damaged before they can mature and enter the bloodstream. PNH (paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria) is a rare acquired disorder characterized by the destruction of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets due to the absence of certain proteins on the cell surface. This leads to pancytopenia with a cellular marrow, making it the correct answer.

Bone marrow biopsy is absolutely indicated in Hairy cell leukemia. Hairy cell leukemia is a rare type of chronic leukemia that affects the bone marrow and causes abnormal white blood cells to accumulate. A bone marrow biopsy is necessary to confirm the diagnosis of Hairy cell leukemia and assess the extent of bone marrow involvement. It helps in determining the stage of the disease and guiding treatment decisions.

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia is associated with malignancy of B cell lineage. This means that the condition is often seen in individuals with B cell malignancies, such as B cell lymphomas or chronic lymphocytic leukemia. In autoimmune hemolytic anemia, the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys red blood cells, leading to anemia. This can be a complication of certain cancers, particularly those arising from B cells.

A normotensive patient with normal hemoglobin who suffers massive blood loss would not have an increased packed cell volume (PCV). PCV is a measure of the percentage of red blood cells in the total blood volume. In this case, the patient has suffered blood loss, which would lead to a decrease in the PCV as the overall blood volume decreases. Therefore, an increased PCV would not be present in this patient.