Peripheral Nervous System And Synaptic Pharmacology 3: The Synapse

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  • 1/20 Questions

    Specialised synapses are in certain tissues.

    • True
    • False
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About This Quiz

Explore the complexities of neuron communication in 'Peripheral Nervous System and Synaptic Pharmacology 3: The Synapse. ' This quiz assesses understanding of synaptic interactions, differentiating between excitatory and inhibitory synapses, and the structure of neural pathways. Essential for students in neuroscience and pharmacology.

Peripheral Nervous System And Synaptic Pharmacology 3: The Synapse - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    The neurotransmitter in a neuromuscular junction is...

    • Ethanol

    • Dopamine

    • Noradrenaline

    • Acetylcholine

    Correct Answer
    A. Acetylcholine
    Explanation
    Acetylcholine is the correct answer because it is the primary neurotransmitter involved in transmitting signals from motor neurons to muscle fibers in the neuromuscular junction. It binds to receptors on the muscle fiber, causing muscle contraction. Ethanol, dopamine, and noradrenaline are not neurotransmitters involved in the neuromuscular junction.

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  • 3. 

    Chemical synapses...

    • Communicate via gap junctions.

    • Communicate via neurotransmitters.

    Correct Answer
    A. Communicate via neurotransmitters.
    Explanation
    Chemical synapses are specialized junctions between neurons where communication occurs through the release and binding of neurotransmitters. Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that transmit signals across the synapse from the presynaptic neuron to the postsynaptic neuron. This process allows for the transmission of information and coordination of neuronal activity in the nervous system. Gap junctions, on the other hand, are direct channels between cells that allow for the passage of ions and small molecules, but they are not involved in the transmission of signals between neurons.

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  • 4. 

    Neuron-neuron and neuron-target organ communication occurs at the synapse.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    The statement is true because synapses are the junctions between neurons where communication occurs. Neurons transmit signals to other neurons or target organs through these synapses. At the synapse, electrical signals from the transmitting neuron are converted into chemical signals, which then travel across the synapse and are received by the next neuron or target organ. This communication is crucial for the functioning of the nervous system and the coordination of various physiological processes.

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  • 5. 

    Some synapses are inhibitory, in that they cause hyperpolarisation of the neuronal membrane potential.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    Some synapses are inhibitory, meaning that when they are activated, they actually cause the neuronal membrane potential to become more negative, a process known as hyperpolarization. This inhibitory effect reduces the likelihood of the neuron firing an action potential, thus decreasing neuronal activity. Therefore, the statement that some synapses cause hyperpolarization of the neuronal membrane potential is true.

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  • 6. 

    The alpha-motor neuron synapses with several different muscle fibres (divergent pathway)

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    The statement is true because the alpha-motor neuron, which is responsible for initiating muscle contractions, can synapse with multiple muscle fibers. This allows for the activation of a group of muscle fibers simultaneously, resulting in coordinated and efficient muscle contractions. This divergent pathway ensures that the alpha-motor neuron can control and coordinate the movements of multiple muscle fibers at once.

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  • 7. 

    In the human nervous system there are around 10^14 synapses.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    The human nervous system contains an incredibly large number of synapses, estimated to be around 10^14. Synapses are the connections between neurons that allow for communication and transmission of signals. This vast number of synapses is crucial for the complex functioning of the nervous system, enabling the processing and integration of information throughout the body.

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  • 8. 

    The first stage of synaptic transmission of a chemical signal across a synapse is...

    • Neurotransmitter is released by exocytosis into the synaptic cleft

    • Ca2+ enters the synaptic knob/presynaptic terminal

    • An action potential is propagated to the terminal of a presynaptic membrane

    Correct Answer
    A. An action potential is propagated to the terminal of a presynaptic membrane
    Explanation
    The first stage of synaptic transmission is the propagation of an action potential to the terminal of a presynaptic membrane. This action potential is an electrical signal that travels down the axon of the neuron to reach the terminal. Once the action potential reaches the terminal, it triggers the release of neurotransmitters by exocytosis into the synaptic cleft. The neurotransmitters then bind to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane, initiating the transmission of the chemical signal across the synapse. The entry of Ca2+ into the synaptic knob is an important step in the release of neurotransmitters, but it occurs after the propagation of the action potential.

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  • 9. 

    The fourth stage of synaptic transmission of a chemical signal across a synapse is...

    • Specific ion channels open in the subsynaptic membrane

    • Neurotransmitter is removed from the synaptic cleft

    • Neurotransmitter binds to specific sites on the postsynaptic neuron

    Correct Answer
    A. Neurotransmitter binds to specific sites on the postsynaptic neuron
    Explanation
    In the fourth stage of synaptic transmission, the neurotransmitter binds to specific sites on the postsynaptic neuron. This binding allows the neurotransmitter to transmit its signal to the postsynaptic neuron, initiating a response. The binding of the neurotransmitter to these specific sites triggers a series of biochemical events within the postsynaptic neuron, ultimately leading to the transmission of the signal. This stage is crucial for the communication between neurons and the transmission of information in the nervous system.

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  • 10. 

    The third stage of synaptic transmission of a chemical signal across a synapse is...

    • Neurotransmitter is released by exocytosis into the synaptic cleft

    • Ca2+ enters the synaptic knob/presynaptic terminal

    • An action potential is propagated to the terminal of a presynaptic membrane

    Correct Answer
    A. Neurotransmitter is released by exocytosis into the synaptic cleft
    Explanation
    The third stage of synaptic transmission involves the release of neurotransmitter molecules into the synaptic cleft. This release is achieved through exocytosis, a process by which the neurotransmitter-containing vesicles fuse with the presynaptic membrane and release their contents into the synapse. This allows the neurotransmitter to diffuse across the synaptic cleft and bind to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane, initiating the transmission of the chemical signal to the next neuron or target cell.

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  • 11. 

    Excitatory synapses cause a repolarisation of a neuronal membrane potential.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    E. synapses cause depolarisation of a neuronal membrane potential.

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  • 12. 

    Electrical synapses...

    • Communicate via gap junctions.

    • Communicate via neurotransmitters.

    Correct Answer
    A. Communicate via gap junctions.
    Explanation
    Electrical synapses refer to the direct transfer of electrical signals between cells through specialized channels called gap junctions. These gap junctions allow for the passage of ions and small molecules, enabling the rapid and synchronized transmission of electrical impulses. In contrast, communication via neurotransmitters involves the release and binding of chemical messengers to transmit signals between neurons. Therefore, the correct answer is that electrical synapses communicate via gap junctions.

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  • 13. 

    Neurotransmitter is only removed by being broken down by enzymes in the synaptic cleft.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    Neurotransmitter may also be removed from the synaptic cleft via reabsorption into the synapse.

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  • 14. 

    The second stage of synaptic transmission of a chemical signal across a synapse is...

    • Neurotransmitter is released by exocytosis into the synaptic cleft

    • Ca2+ enters the synaptic knob/presynaptic terminal

    • An action potential is propagated to the terminal of a presynaptic membrane

    Correct Answer
    A. Ca2+ enters the synaptic knob/presynaptic terminal
    Explanation
    In the second stage of synaptic transmission, Ca2+ enters the synaptic knob/presynaptic terminal. This is an important step because the influx of Ca2+ triggers the release of neurotransmitters by exocytosis into the synaptic cleft. This release of neurotransmitters allows for the chemical signal to be transmitted from the presynaptic neuron to the postsynaptic neuron. The entry of Ca2+ is necessary for the proper functioning of synaptic transmission and plays a crucial role in the communication between neurons.

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  • 15. 

    The neuromuscular junction is...

    • The peripheral synapse of the somatic efferent nervous system

    • The peripheral synapse of the autonomic afferent nervous system

    • The peripheral synapse of the somatic afferent nervous system

    • The peripheral synapse of the autonomic efferent nervous system

    Correct Answer
    A. The peripheral synapse of the somatic efferent nervous system
    Explanation
    The neuromuscular junction is the synapse between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber. It is responsible for transmitting signals from the motor neuron to the muscle fiber, allowing for muscle contraction. This process is part of the somatic efferent nervous system, which controls voluntary muscle movements. Therefore, the correct answer is "The peripheral synapse of the somatic efferent nervous system."

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  • 16. 

    The alpha-motor neuron...

    • Originates from the CNS with its cell body in the grey matter of the spinal cord or brain stem

    • Originates from the PNS with its cell body in the grey matter of the spinal cord or brain stem

    • Originates from the PNS with its cell body recieving a signal from an interneuron

    • Originates from the CNS with its cell body recieving its signal from another efferent neuron

    Correct Answer
    A. Originates from the CNS with its cell body in the grey matter of the spinal cord or brain stem
    Explanation
    The alpha-motor neuron originates from the central nervous system (CNS) with its cell body located in the grey matter of the spinal cord or brain stem. This means that the neuron is part of the CNS and its cell body is situated in the regions of the spinal cord or brain stem where the grey matter is present.

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  • 17. 

    The sixth stage of synaptic transmission of a chemical signal across a synapse is...

    • Specific ion channels open in the subsynaptic membrane

    • Neurotransmitter is removed from the synaptic cleft

    • Neurotransmitter binds to specific sites on the postsynaptic neuron

    Correct Answer
    A. Neurotransmitter is removed from the synaptic cleft
    Explanation
    In the sixth stage of synaptic transmission, the neurotransmitter is removed from the synaptic cleft. This is an important step to ensure that the signal is not continuously transmitted and that the synapse can be ready for the next signal. The removal of neurotransmitter can occur through various mechanisms such as reuptake by the presynaptic neuron or enzymatic degradation. By removing the neurotransmitter, the synaptic cleft is cleared, allowing for the termination of the signal and preventing overstimulation of the postsynaptic neuron.

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  • 18. 

    The neuromuscular junction is a specialised synapse between a beta-motor neuron and a skeletal muscle fibre at the motor end plate

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    *alpha-motor neuron

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  • 19. 

    A convergent pathway is where one synapse communicates with many neurons.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    A divergent pathway is one where a single synapse communicates with many neurons.

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  • 20. 

    The fifth stage of synaptic transmission of a chemical signal across a synapse is...

    • Specific ion channels open in the subsynaptic membrane

    • Neurotransmitter is removed from the synaptic cleft

    • Neurotransmitter binds to specific sites on the postsynaptic neuron

    Correct Answer
    A. Specific ion channels open in the subsynaptic membrane
    Explanation
    In the fifth stage of synaptic transmission, specific ion channels open in the subsynaptic membrane. This allows for the flow of ions into or out of the postsynaptic neuron, which generates an electrical signal. This signal is essential for the transmission of the chemical signal across the synapse. The opening of specific ion channels is a crucial step in the process of synaptic transmission, as it enables the propagation of the signal from the presynaptic neuron to the postsynaptic neuron.

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Our quizzes are rigorously reviewed, monitored and continuously updated by our expert board to maintain accuracy, relevance, and timeliness.

  • Current Version
  • Nov 10, 2023
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • Oct 02, 2011
    Quiz Created by
    ILovePharmacy
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