Patho Chapter 5
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Patho. Chapter. Five.
- 1.What is a benign neoplasm originating from adipose tissue called?
- A.
Adenoma
- B.
Lipoma
- C.
Fibrosarcoma
- D.
Adenocarcinoma
- 2.What are malignant neoplasms arising from connective tissue cells called?
- A.
Carcinomas
- B.
Sarcomas
- C.
Melanomas
- D.
Fibromas
- 3.Which of the following is a characteristic of a benign tumor?
- A.
Unencapsulated, invasive
- B.
It consists of undifferentiated cells
- C.
It exerts systemic effects
- D.
Cells appear relatively normal
- 4.What is the grading of newly diagnosed malignant tumors based on?
- A.
Size of the tumor
- B.
Number of metastases
- C.
Degree of differentiation of the cells
- D.
Number of lymph nodes involved
- 5.A warning sign of possible cancer would be any of the following except:
- A.
Persistent, unusual bleeding
- B.
A change in bowel habits
- C.
Sudden development of fever, nausea, and diarrhea
- D.
A change in shape, color, or surface of a skin lesion
- 6.The common local effects of an expanding tumor mass include 1. obstruction of a tube or duct 2. anemia and weight loss 3. cell necrosis and ulceration 4. tumor markers in the circulation
- A.
1, 2
- B.
1, 3
- C.
2, 4
- D.
3, 4
- 7.What does paraneoplastic syndrome refer to?
- A.
The effects of substances such as hormones secreted by the tumor cells
- B.
Severe weight loss and cachexia associated with advanced cancer
- C.
The decreased resistance to infection resulting from malignant tumors
- D.
The effects of multiple metastatic tumors
- 8.What is the spread of malignant cells through blood and lymph to distant sites called?
- A.
Invasiveness
- B.
Seeding
- C.
Metastasis
- D.
Systemic effect
- 9.One reason for staging a malignant tumor at the time of diagnosis is to:
- A.
Identify the original cell from which the tumor developed
- B.
Locate and identify the primary tumor
- C.
Decide the initiating factor for a particular tumor
- D.
Determine the best treatment and the prognosis
- 10.The process of carcinogenesis usually begins with:
- A.
Exposure to promoters causing dysplasia
- B.
Development of defective genes
- C.
An irreversible change in the cell DNA
- D.
A single exposure to a known risk factor causing temporary cell damage
- 11.What would be an external source of ionizing radiation?
- A.
A needle containing a radioisotope implanted beside the tumor
- B.
Gamma rays delivered by a cobalt machine
- C.
A dose of a radioactive drug to be ingested
- D.
A fluid containing radioactive material instilled in a body cavity
- 12.Radiation therapy destroys:
- A.
All cells in the tumor at one time
- B.
The cells in the center of the tumor
- C.
Primarily rapidly dividing cells
- D.
Radioresistant cells
- 13.The most critical adverse effects of chemotherapy and radiation therapy include:
- A.
Thrombocytopenia and leukopenia
- B.
Headache and lethargy
- C.
Nausea and constipation
- D.
Alopecia and weight loss
- 14.Chemotherapy usually involves a combination of drugs in order to: 1. reduce the adverse effects 2. guarantee that all cancer cells are destroyed 3. be effective in more phases of the cell cycle 4. totally block the mitotic stage
- A.
1, 3
- B.
1, 4
- C.
2, 3
- D.
3, 4
- 15.Why does ovarian cancer have a poor prognosis?
- A.
The ovaries are inaccessible
- B.
Specific signs rarely appear until after secondary tumors develop
- C.
The same tumor markers are present with many types of cancer
- D.
No effective treatment is available
- 16.Select the correct pair representing a malignant tumor and its marker:
- A.
Colon cancer: carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)
- B.
Hepatic cancer: CA125
- C.
Prostate cancer: human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)
- D.
Testicular cancer: Philadelphia chromosome
- 17.Anti-angiogenesis drugs act on malignant tumor by:
- A.
Promoting the immune response and removal of tumor cells
- B.
Blocking hormonal stimulation of tumor cells
- C.
Reduce blood flow and nutrient supply to tumor cells
- D.
Transport radioisotopes into tumor to destroy cells
- 18.The development of neutropenia during chemotherapy for cancer means:
- A.
The cancer cells are being destroyed quickly
- B.
The patient is likely to hemorrhage
- C.
Higher doses of chemotherapy could be tolerated by this patient
- D.
The patient is at high risk for infection
- 19.Malignant brain tumors:
- A.
Metastasize quickly to all parts of the body
- B.
Spread first to lungs and bone
- C.
Spread to other parts of CNS
- D.
Do not metastasize anywhere at any time
- 20.Identify the common dose-limiting factor for chemotherapy:
- A.
Alopecia
- B.
Bone marrow depression
- C.
Nausea and vomiting
- D.
Weight loss
- 21.Glucocorticoids are often prescribed during a course of chemotherapy and radiation because:
- A.
Glucocorticoids greatly potentiate the effect of chemotherapy
- B.
The immune system is stimulated
- C.
Bone marrow is more active
- D.
Inflammation around the tumor may be reduced
- 22.Vomiting frequently follows a chemotherapy treatment because: 1. the gastrointestinal tract is inflamed 2. the chemicals stimulate the emetic centre 3. the drugs have an unpleasant odor 4. treatment is very painful
- A.
1 only
- B.
1, 2
- C.
2, 3
- D.
2, 3, 4
- 23.What type of cells tend to be damaged the most during chemotherapy and radiation treatments?
- A.
Epithelial cells
- B.
Skeletal muscle cells
- C.
Nerve tissue
- D.
Collagen and fibrous tissue
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