Patho: Cardio
Dysrhythmias
valvular disease
peripheral vascular disease
aneurysms
cardiac conduction
myocardial physiology and dysfunction
coronary artery disease
- 1.
Which name refers to the middle internodal pathway?
- A.
Bachmann's
- B.
Wenckebach's
- C.
Thorel's
- D.
Frank-Starling's
Correct Answer
B. Wenckebach's -
- 2.
Which chamber of the heart is affected by the conduction of the three internodal pathways?
- A.
Left atrium
- B.
Left ventricle
- C.
Right atrium
- D.
Right ventricle
Correct Answer
C. Right atrium -
- 3.
What affects contraction of the left ventricle?
- A.
The bundle of His
- B.
Purkinje fibers
- C.
Right bundle branch
- D.
Bachmann's bundle
Correct Answer
D. Bachmann's bundle -
- 4.
Which is a delay zone to allow the atria to contract prior to ventricular contraction?
- A.
AV node
- B.
SA node
- C.
Purkinje fibers
- D.
Bundle branches
Correct Answer
A. AV node -
- 5.
Which arteries supply the Bundle of His?
- A.
Coronary arteries
- B.
Anterior and posterior descending arteries
- C.
Left anterior descending and posterior descending arteries
- D.
Right and left anterior descending arteries
Correct Answer
B. Anterior and posterior descending arteries -
- 6.
AV nodal fibers - when not stimulated from elsewhere - have an intrinsic discharge rate of ___.
- A.
15-40 times a minute
- B.
40-60 times a minute
- C.
An average of 70 times a minute
- D.
100 times a minute
Correct Answer
B. 40-60 times a minute -
- 7.
Which of these is not true?
- A.
Phase 0 is the resting membrane potential
- B.
Phase 1 is early repolarization
- C.
Phase 2 is a platau
- D.
Phase 3 is rapid repolarization
- E.
Phase 4 is the resting membrane potential
Correct Answer
A. Phase 0 is the resting membrane potential -
- 8.
The slow calcium-sodium channels open during which phase?
- A.
Phase 0
- B.
Phase 1
- C.
Phase 2
- D.
Phase 3
- E.
Phase 4
Correct Answer
C. Phase 2 -
- 9.
Which phase is not during the absolute refractory period?
- A.
Phase 0
- B.
Phase 1
- C.
Phase 2
- D.
Part of phase 3
- E.
Phase 4
Correct Answer
E. Phase 4 -
- 10.
Which is false?
- A.
The P wave corresponds to atrial depolarization
- B.
The P wave corresponds to the action of the SA node
- C.
The isoelectric line between P and Q corresponds to AV depolarization
- D.
The vertical axis of the EKG is time in seconds
- E.
The T line corresponds to ventricular repolarization
Correct Answer
D. The vertical axis of the EKG is time in seconds -
- 11.
Which of the following describes a fast rate with sudden onset and termination that tends to reoccur and be of shot duration?
- A.
Sinus tachycardia
- B.
Sinus dysrhythmia
- C.
Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia
- D.
Sick sinus syndrome
Correct Answer
C. Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia -
- 12.
What is a distinguishing factor of sinus dysrhythmia?
- A.
Irregular rate
- B.
Irregular rhythm
- C.
Lack of definitive P waves
- D.
A twisting or rotating pattern
Correct Answer
B. Irregular rhythm -
- 13.
Which is a normal variant?
- A.
Ventricular fibrillation
- B.
Ventricular tachycardia
- C.
Premature ventricular contractions
- D.
Sinus arrest
Correct Answer
C. Premature ventricular contractions -
- 14.
Which is false concerning the long QT interval?
- A.
It can be acquired or inherited
- B.
It is linked to cocaine use
- C.
It is caused by delayed repolarization of the atria
- D.
When inherited it can be triggered by increased sympathetic tone
Correct Answer
C. It is caused by delayed repolarization of the atria -
- 15.
Which interval represents the AV node?
- A.
P wave
- B.
PR interval
- C.
QRS interval
- D.
ST interval
Correct Answer
B. PR interval -
- 16.
Automaticity
- A.
Is the ability of the Purkinje fibers to depolarize during phase 4
- B.
Can be increased by acetylcholine
- C.
Can be decreased by epinephrine
- D.
Is a property in the SA and AV nodes
Correct Answer
D. Is a property in the SA and AV nodes -
- 17.
AV blocks can be caused by
- A.
Atrial septal defects
- B.
Rate changes
- C.
Lev's and Lenerge's diseases
- D.
Aortic valve disease
Correct Answer
C. Lev's and Lenerge's diseases -
- 18.
Mobitz II is
- A.
A first degree AV block
- B.
A second degree AV block associated with a prolonged QRS interval
- C.
Is seen transiently in inferior myocardial infarction
- D.
Has a high incidence of progression to high degree heart block
Correct Answer
C. Is seen transiently in inferior myocardial infarction -
- 19.
The most common type of thoracic aneurysm
- A.
Originates in the upper descending aorta distal to the left subclavian and extends distally to the bifurcation
- B.
Originates in the ascending aorta only
- C.
Originates in the ascending aorta above the aortic valve and extends distally to the abdominal aorta
- D.
Is an AAA
Correct Answer
C. Originates in the ascending aorta above the aortic valve and extends distally to the abdominal aorta -
- 20.
Which is not a cause of aneurysm?
- A.
Hypotension
- B.
Turbulent blood flow
- C.
Atherosclerosis
- D.
Marfan's syndrome
Correct Answer
A. Hypotension -
- 21.
___ form the cross bridges that generate force that cause the the overlapping myofilaments to slide past each other, shortening the sarcomere and causing muscle contraction.
- A.
Troponin
- B.
Tryopomycin
- C.
Actin and myosin
- D.
Calcium channels
Correct Answer
C. Actin and myosin -
- 22.
Heart muscle relaxation
- A.
Is from the formation of cross bridges
- B.
Is caused by the activation of troponin and tropomycin
- C.
Is caused by blood moving across the gradient
- D.
Increases the permeability of sarcolemma to calcium ions
Correct Answer
B. Is caused by the activation of troponin and tropomycin -
- 23.
What is the cardiac index?
- A.
The volume blood ejected by the ventricle per beat
- B.
The volume of blood ejected by the left ventricle into the aorta per minute
- C.
The volume of blood ejected by the left ventricle into the aorta per minute corrected for body size
- D.
The degree of tension on the heart muscle when it begins to contract
- E.
The amount of tension needed to open the semilunar valves and eject blood
Correct Answer
C. The volume of blood ejected by the left ventricle into the aorta per minute corrected for body size -
- 24.
Heart rate, venous return, left ventricular stretch are determinant of
- A.
Preload
- B.
Contractility
- C.
Afterload
- D.
The LaPlace equation
Correct Answer
A. Preload -
- 25.
The ability of the myocardium to contract independent of changes in fiber length is:
- A.
Preload
- B.
Afterload
- C.
Contractility
- D.
Stroke volume
Correct Answer
C. Contractility -
- 26.
Sympathetic innervation of the heart
- A.
Decreases both heart rate and contractility
- B.
Decreases heart rate and increases contractility
- C.
Increases both heart rate and contractility
- D.
Increases heart rate and decreases contractility
Correct Answer
C. Increases both heart rate and contractility -
- 27.
Beriberi is a cause of
- A.
Low output heart failure concerning increased preload
- B.
Low output heart failure concerning increased afterload
- C.
Low output heart failure concerning decreased contractility
- D.
High output heart failure
Correct Answer
D. High output heart failure -
- 28.
The most common cause of increased afterload is:
- A.
Hyperthyroidism
- B.
Aortic regurgitation
- C.
Hypertension
- D.
Myocardial infarction
- E.
Hypervolemia
Correct Answer
C. Hypertension -
- 29.
The Frank-Starling law
- A.
States that stretching myocardial fibers during diastole increases force of contraction in systole
- B.
Hypothesizes that ventricular hypertrophy decreases afterload
- C.
States that increased arterial pressure requires more tension to eject blood
- D.
States that if the ventricular wall is thicker, you need less tension to eject blood
Correct Answer
A. States that stretching myocardial fibers during diastole increases force of contraction in systole -
- 30.
Te basic pathophysiology of heart failure does not include (two answers):
- A.
Increased preload
- B.
Increased afterload
- C.
Decreased afterload
- D.
Increased contractility
- E.
Decreased contractility
Correct Answer(s)
C. Decreased afterload
D. Increased contractility -
- 31.
Right sided heart failure includes the following symptoms (more than one answer)
- A.
Anorexia
- B.
Pulmonary edema
- C.
Ascites
- D.
Cough
- E.
Dyspnea
Correct Answer(s)
A. Anorexia
C. Ascites -
- 32.
Which is correct concerning compensatory mechanisms in congestive heart failure?
- A.
Angiotensin I, a potent vasoconstrictor, is released in response to activity in the kidney
- B.
Epinephrine and norepinephrine are released in the sympathetic response
- C.
Wall thickness is decreased and the number of sarcomeres is increased
- D.
Atrial and brain natriuretic peptides cause an antidiuretic effect
- E.
TNF and interleukin 6 increase the nitric oxide vasoconstriction effect
Correct Answer
B. Epinephrine and norepinephrine are released in the sympathetic response -
- 33.
Which is caused by infiltrative diseases such as amyloidosis?
- A.
Dilated cardiomyopathy
- B.
Congestive cardiomyopathy
- C.
Restrictive cardiomathy
- D.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Correct Answer
C. Restrictive cardiomathy -
- 34.
Which cardiomyopathy, thought to have a genetic component, has symptoms of angina, syncope and dysrhythmia?
- A.
Dilated cardiomyopathy
- B.
Congestive cardiomyopathy
- C.
Restrictive cardiomyopathy
- D.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Correct Answer
D. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy -
- 35.
A desirable and resonable target level for high density lipoprotein is
- A.
200 mg/dL
- B.
100 mg/dL
- C.
40 mg/dL
- D.
30mg/dL
Correct Answer
C. 40 mg/dL -
- 36.
Total cholesterol should ideally be below
- A.
40 mg/dL
- B.
100 mg/dL
- C.
200 mg/dL
- D.
300 mg/dL
- E.
400 mg/dL
Correct Answer
C. 200 mg/dL -
- 37.
Effects of hypertension can often be seen everywhere but the following:
- A.
The heart
- B.
The kidneys
- C.
The brain
- D.
The blood vessels
- E.
The liver
Correct Answer
E. The liver -
- 38.
This can cause a T-wave inversion on an EKG (two answers)
- A.
Mobitz I heart block
- B.
Mobitx II heart block
- C.
Ischemia
- D.
Right bundle branch block
- E.
Left bundle branch block
Correct Answer(s)
C. Ischemia
E. Left bundle branch block -
- 39.
Which is not the case in myocardial infarction?
- A.
Cardiac enzymes are increased (creatine kinase, creatine phosphokinase, troponin)
- B.
ST and Q levels are changed on an EKG
- C.
Collateral circulation is a compensatory mechanism
- D.
The right coronary artery is the "widowmaker"
- E.
Functional changes in the heart are similar to ischemia
Correct Answer
D. The right coronary artery is the "widowmaker" -
- 40.
Which is a common complication of ischemia and infarction?
- A.
Papillary muscle shunting
- B.
Venous return decreases
- C.
Fall in stroke volume
- D.
Decrease in heart rate
- E.
Deactivation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
Correct Answer
C. Fall in stroke volume -
- 41.
The rupturing of necrotic cardiac tissue can cause
- A.
Ventricular aneurysm
- B.
Thromboembolism
- C.
Pericarditis
- D.
Papillary muscle dysfunction
- E.
Cardiac tamponade
Correct Answer
E. Cardiac tamponade -
- 42.
Valvular stenosis
- A.
Obstructs flow
- B.
Increases volume work
- C.
Allows backflow
- D.
Involves valve leaflets that do not close securely
Correct Answer
A. Obstructs flow -
- 43.
Which is false about Rheumatic Fever?
- A.
It often follows streptococcal pharyngitis
- B.
A sign of it is Aschoff's bodies
- C.
The highest incidence is in the elderly
- D.
Patients often have a rash
- E.
It follows infection by six months
Correct Answer
E. It follows infection by six months -
- 44.
In severe mitral stenosis,
- A.
The bicuspid valve is narrowed to 2 square centimeters
- B.
The tricuspid valve is narrowed to 2 square centimeters
- C.
The bicuspid valve is narrowed to 1 square centimeter
- D.
The tricuspid valve is narrowed to 1 square centimeter
Correct Answer
C. The bicuspid valve is narrowed to 1 square centimeter -
- 45.
The following often requires surgery
- A.
Mitral valve prolapse
- B.
Acute mitral regurgitation
- C.
Chronic mitral regurgitation
- D.
Mitral stenosis
Correct Answer
B. Acute mitral regurgitation -
- 46.
In which disease does restricted blood flow from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery lead to right ventricular hypertrophy and right sided failure?
- A.
Tricuspid valve stenosis
- B.
Tricuspid valve stenosis
- C.
Pulmonic regurgitation
- D.
Pulmonic stenosis
Correct Answer
D. Pulmonic stenosis -
- 47.
___ is hear during the relaxation of the heart. (2 answers)
- A.
Mitral stenosis
- B.
Mitral regurgitation
- C.
Aortic stenosis
- D.
Aortic regurgitation
Correct Answer(s)
A. Mitral stenosis
D. Aortic regurgitation -
- 48.
Which is not a symptom of chronic occlusive arterial disease?
- A.
Intermittent claudication
- B.
Skin color changes based on posture
- C.
Orthopnea
- D.
Absent or diminished pulses
- E.
Pain at bed time or at rest
Correct Answer
C. Orthopnea -
- 49.
Vircho's triad refers to (three answers):
- A.
Venous stasis
- B.
Anemia
- C.
Venous injury
- D.
Hypercoagulability
- E.
Hypovolemia
Correct Answer(s)
A. Venous stasis
C. Venous injury
D. Hypercoagulability -
- 50.
Varicose veins are a common cause of which of the following?
- A.
Deep vein thrombosis
- B.
Superficial thrombophlebitis
- C.
Thromboembolic venous disease
- D.
Valvular insufficiency
Correct Answer
B. Superficial thrombophlebitis -
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Nov 21, 2018Quiz Edited by
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Oct 15, 2009Quiz Created by
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