Paramedic-cardiology 1
Based off Nancy Caroline's Emergency Care in the streets Chapter 27.
- 1.The layers of the heart, beginning with the outermost layer, are the
- A.
Epicardium,myocardium,and endocardium
- B.
Endocardium,epicardium, and myocardium
- C.
Myocardium,epicardium, andendocardium
- D.
Epicardium,ednocardium, and myocardium
- 2.What prevents the backflow of blood during ventricular contraction
- A.
The aortic valve
- B.
Semilunar valve
- C.
The pulmonic valve
- D.
Atrioventricular valve
- 3.Approximately 80% of ventricular filling occurs
- A.
During systole
- B.
During diastole
- C.
When the semilunar valves are open
- D.
When the atrioventricular valves close
- 4.Atrial kick is most accurately defined as
- A.
The blood that flows passively into the ventricles
- B.
Pressure on the atrioventricular valves during ventricular contraction
- C.
An attempt of the atria to contract against closed valves
- D.
20% of ventricular filling caused by atrial contraction
- 5.Which of the following statements regarding the right side of the heart is most correct
- A.
It receives blood exclusively from the venae cavae
- B.
The right side of the heart is a low pressure pump
- C.
It pumps against the high resistance of the pulmonary circulation
- D.
The right side of the heart pumps blood through the pulmonary veins
- 6.In contrast to the right side of the heart, the left side of the heart
- A.
Drives blood out of the heart against the relatively high resistance of the systemic circulation
- B.
Is a high-pressure pump that sends blood through the pulmonary circulation and to the lungs
- C.
Is a relatively low pressure pump that must stretcher its walls in order to force blood through the aorta
- D.
Drives blood out of the heart against the relatively low resistance of the pulmonary circulation
- 7.Which layer of the blood vessel is made up of elastic fibers and muscle, and provides for strength and contractility
- A.
Tunica media
- B.
Tunica intima
- C.
Tunica adventitia
- D.
Arterial lumen
- 8.In contrast to arteries, veins
- A.
Do not contain valves that prevent backflow of blood
- B.
Have less capacity to increase the size of their diameter
- C.
Are more likely to distend when exposed to back pressure
- D.
Operate on the high-pressure side of the circulatory system
- 9.The amount of blood that is pumped out by either ventricle per minute is called
- A.
Ejection fraction
- B.
Cardiac output
- C.
Stroke volume
- D.
Minute volume
- 10.With regard to stroke volume, a healthy heart
- A.
Has a relatively fixed stroke volume
- B.
Has an average stroke volume of 40 ml
- C.
Can double stroke volume if demand is high
- D.
Can easily increase stroke volume by 50%
- 11.Cardiac output in influenced by
- A.
Heart rate
- B.
Stroke volume
- C.
Heart rate and or stroke volume
- D.
Ejection fraction and heart rate
- 12.The ability of the heart to vary the degree (force) of its contraction without stretching is called
- A.
Contractility
- B.
Chonotropy
- C.
Automaticity
- D.
Frank-starling effect
- 13.Administering a drug that possesses a positive chronotropic effect will have a direct effect on
- A.
Stroke volume
- B.
Blood pressure
- C.
Cardiac output
- D.
The heart rate
- 14.Changes in cardiac contractility may be induced by medications that have a positive or negative__________effect
- A.
Vasoactive
- B.
Dromotropic
- C.
Inotropic
- D.
Chronotropic
- 15.Automaticity is most accurately defined as the ability of the heart to
- A.
Generate an electrical impulse from the same site every time
- B.
Spontaneously conduct an electrical impulse between cardiac cells
- C.
Generate its own electrical impulses without stimulation from nerves
- D.
Increas or decrease its heart rate based on the body's metabolic need
- 16.Which of the following statements regarding the sinoatrial node is most correct
- A.
The SA node is the dominant cardiac pacemaker in healthy patients
- B.
The SA node is a backup cardiac pacemaker in healthy patients
- C.
The SA node is located in the superior aspect of the right ventricle
- D.
Impulses generated by the SA node travel through the right atrium only
- 17.The atrioventricular junction
- A.
Includes the AV node but not the bundle of His
- B.
Is the dominant and fastest pacemaker of the heart
- C.
Reveives its blood supply from the circumflex artery
- D.
Is composed of the AV node and the bundle of His
- 18.An electrical impulse is slightly delayed at the AV node so that the
- A.
Bundle of His can depolarize fully
- B.
Ventricles can contract completely
- C.
Primary cardiac pacemaker can reset
- D.
Atria can empty into the ventricles
- 19.The effect on the velocity of electrical conduction is referred to as the _________effect
- A.
Inotropic
- B.
Dromotropic
- C.
Chronotropic
- D.
Conductivity
- 20.Thousands of fibrils that are distributed thoughout the ventricles, which represent the end of the cardiac conduction system, are called the
- A.
Bundle branches
- B.
Internodal pathways
- C.
Pukinje fibers
- D.
Cardiac myocytes
- 21.The sinoatrial node
- A.
Cannot depolarize faster than 100 times/min
- B.
Will normally outpace any slower conduction tissue
- C.
Functions as the heart's secondary pacemaker
- D.
Has an intrinsic firing rate of 40-60 beats per minute
- 22.The P wave represents
- A.
SA nodal discharge
- B.
Atrial depolarization
- C.
A depaly at the AV node
- D.
Contraction of the atria
- 23.The brief pause between the P wave and the QRS complex represents
- A.
Depolarization of the inferior part of the atria
- B.
The period of time when the atria are repolarizing
- C.
Full dispersal of electricity throughout both atria
- D.
A momentary conduction delay at the AV junction
- 24.Which of the following ECG waveforms represents ventricular depolarization
- A.
T waves
- B.
ST segment
- C.
QRS complex
- D.
U wave
- 25.Stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system causes all of the following effects, except
- A.
Negative inotropy
- B.
Increased salsivation
- C.
Dilation of the pupils
- D.
Negative chronotropy
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