Based off Nancy Caroline's Emergency Care in the streets chapter 21 and 22
Skull
Cerebrum
Cranial vault
Cribiform plate
It may be slightly deviated to one side or the other
The nasal septum is comprised mainly of cartilage
Inflammation of the nasal septum is common during infection
The nasal septum separates the oropharynx and nasopharynx
Subdural space, prevent infection
Cortex, protect the brain injury
Ventricles, cushion and protect the bain
Subarachnoid space, oxygenate the brain
Gently palpate the maxilla, mandible, and zygoma to elicit creipitus
Protect the cervical spine and monitor the patient's neurologic status
Apply a cervical collar and determine if the patient has visual disturbances
Have the patient open his of her mouth and assess for dental malocclusion
Nasotracheal intubation
A needle or surgical cricothyrotomy
Pharmacologically assisted intubation
Digital intubation
Applying direct pressure to the globe
Irrigating the eye with sterile saline solution
Covering both eyes to minimize further injury
Applying a cold compress to the eyeball
Most likely has a concomitant basilar skull fracture
Should have ice applied to the eyes to prevent blindness
Has discoordination between the movements of both eyes
Should be treated by irrigating both eyes for 20 minutes
10
15
20
30
Commonly results in permanent hearing loss
Is characterized by CSF leakage from the ears
Commonly leads to an infection of the middle ear
Is extremely painful but typically heals spontaneously
Malocclusion
Intraoral infection
Permanent tooth loss
Airway compromise
A cricothyrotomy may be required to establish a patent airway
It should be removed in case the airway becomes compromised
You should stabilize the object in place, regardless of its location
It should be shortened to facilitate proper airway management
Apply a cervical collar and perform intubation immediately
Ventilate the patient with an oxygen powered ventilation device
Give oxygen via nonrebreathing mask and apply a pulse oximeter
Secure manual in-line stabilization of the cspine, assist ventilations with a BVM, and prepare to intubate
An epidural hematoma
Trauma to the brain
Airway compromise
Spinal cord transection
Depressed fracture
Open fracture
Basilar fracture
Nondisplaced fracture
The anterior portion of the brain sustains stretching or tearing injuries and the posterior portion of the brain sustains compression injuries
The head falls back against the headrest or seat and the brain collides with the rear of the skull, resulting in direct injury to the occipital lobe
The brain initially strikes the rear of the skull, resulting in direct bruising, and then rebounds and strikes the front part of the skull
Compression injuries occur to the anterior portion of the brain and stretching or tearing injuries occur to the posterior portion of the brain
Reflex bradycardia that occurs secondary to systemic hypertension
An increase in mean arterial pressure to maintain cerebral blood flow
The forcing of CSF into the spinal cord as intracranial pressure increases
A decrease in cerebral perfusion pressure that reduces intracranial pressure
Flexion of the arms and extension of the legs
Inward flexion of the wrists and flexed knees
Extension of the arms and extension of the legs
Pulling in of the arms toward the core of the body
Rapidly increasing ICP
An underlying skull fracture
A fluctuating level of consciousness
Unilateral hemiparesis or slurred speech
Are less than 2 years of age
Have alcoholism
Are prone to hypoglycemia
Have high cholesterol
Initial GSC score
Blood pressure
Level of consciousness
Response to verbal stimuli
Rapid transportation to a trauma center
Public education and prevention strategies
Minimizing scene time to 10 minutes or less
Routine use of spinal motion restriction precautions
Is the major structural component of the axial skeleton
Is comprised of irregular bones that are all fused together
Consists of 23 bones articulating to form the spinal column
Provides support and strength for the appendicular skeleton
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Coccygeal
Calcify and become more rigid
Enlarge and result in increased height
Are not able to protect the spinal cord
Lose water content and become thinner
Vagus nerve, spinal cord
Spinal cord, foramen magnum
Brain stem, verebral foramen
Medullar, cauda equina
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