NREMT- Paramedic Exam Prep Test

When performing a Cincinnati Pre-hospital Stroke Scale, there are three things to look for: Facial Droop, Arm Drift, and Abnormal Speech. These symptoms can indicate a stroke and help in the assessment and early recognition of a stroke patient. Falls, slurring, no smile, abnormal speech, talking really fast, screaming, and drooling are not specific signs of stroke according to the Cincinnati Pre-hospital Stroke Scale.

The jaw thrust maneuver is the correct airway technique to use in this scenario. This technique is used when a patient is unresponsive and has snoring respirations, which could indicate an airway obstruction. By using the jaw thrust maneuver, the healthcare provider can open the patient's airway without extending or flexing the neck, which is important in cases of suspected cervical spine injury, such as in a motor vehicle accident. This technique involves placing the fingers behind the angles of the patient's mandible and lifting the jaw forward, which helps to lift the tongue and relieve any obstruction in the airway.

The correct answer is 1mg. In cardiac arrest, the adult dose of Epinephrine is typically 1mg. Epinephrine is a medication used to stimulate the heart and blood vessels, and it is commonly administered during cardiac arrest to help restore normal heart rhythm and blood pressure. The dosage may vary depending on the specific situation and medical protocols, but 1mg is a commonly recommended dose for adults in cardiac arrest.

The normal respiratory rate for adults is typically between 12 and 20 breaths per minute. This range allows for efficient exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs, ensuring proper oxygenation of the body's tissues. A respiratory rate below or above this range may indicate an underlying health issue, such as respiratory distress or lung disease.

Epinephrine can be administered every 3-5 minutes. Epinephrine is a medication used to treat severe allergic reactions, also known as anaphylaxis. It works by constricting blood vessels and opening airways to improve breathing and increase blood pressure. In cases of anaphylaxis, repeated doses of epinephrine may be necessary to maintain its effects and prevent the allergic reaction from worsening. Administering epinephrine every 3-5 minutes ensures that the medication remains effective and continues to provide relief to the individual experiencing the allergic reaction.

Vasopressin may be given in place of Epinephrine as it is a hormone that constricts blood vessels and increases blood pressure. It is commonly used in cardiac arrest situations as an alternative to Epinephrine to help restore circulation and improve the chances of survival. Vasopressin works by increasing the tone of blood vessels, which helps to maintain blood flow to vital organs.

During CPR, it is recommended to give 100 compressions per minute. This is based on the guidelines provided by the American Heart Association (AHA) and other medical organizations. The high rate of compressions helps to maintain blood flow to vital organs and increases the chances of successful resuscitation. It is important to maintain a consistent rhythm and depth while performing compressions to ensure effective chest compressions during CPR.

The first line of treatment for Acute Pulmonary Edema is to administer Oxygen, Nitro, Lasix, and Morphine. Oxygen is given to improve oxygenation, Nitro is used to dilate blood vessels and reduce the workload on the heart, Lasix is a diuretic that helps remove excess fluid from the lungs, and Morphine is used to relieve pain and anxiety. This combination of medications helps to alleviate symptoms and improve the patient's condition.

Aspirin is given to a patient with Acute Coronary Syndrome because it inhibits Thromoxane A2 platelet aggregation. This helps to reduce the risk of coronary reocclusion and recurrent events after fibrinolytic therapy. By preventing platelet aggregation, aspirin helps to maintain blood flow through the coronary arteries and reduces the chances of further blockages. This is important in preventing complications and improving outcomes for the patient.

The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is a neurological scale used to assess a patient's level of consciousness. It consists of three components: eye opening, verbal response, and motor response. 1 Pupillary response, while an important neurological assessment, is not part of the GCS.  

Lateral leads in an ECG are used to assess the electrical activity of the left side of the heart. Leads I and aVL provide information about the lateral wall of the left ventricle, while leads V5 and V6 give insights into the left lateral chest wall. Therefore, the combination of leads I, aVL, V5, and V6 allows for a comprehensive evaluation of the lateral aspects of the heart.

Adenosine is the correct medication to administer for SVT with aberrancy. Adenosine is a class V antiarrhythmic medication that works by slowing down the electrical conduction in the heart, specifically in the AV node. This helps to restore normal sinus rhythm in patients with SVT. Amiodarone is also an antiarrhythmic medication but is not the first-line treatment for SVT with aberrancy. Atropine is used for certain types of bradycardia, not SVT. Diazepam is a sedative and not indicated for SVT with aberrancy.

This answer suggests that the dose for Adenosine is initially 6mg, followed by two subsequent doses of 12mg each. This dosing regimen may be based on the specific medical condition being treated and the patient's response to the medication. Adenosine is commonly used in the treatment of certain heart rhythm disorders, such as supraventricular tachycardia.

Transcutaneous pacing is used without delay for high-degree blocks such as Type II second degree or third degree heart blocks. This means that when a patient is experiencing these types of heart blocks, transcutaneous pacing should be implemented immediately. Atropine, lidocaine, and sodium bicarb may be used for other cardiac conditions, but they are not specifically indicated for high-degree blocks. Therefore, transcutaneous pacing is the correct answer in this context.

The correct answer is Detection, Dispatch, Delivery, Door, Data, Decision, Drug. These 7 D's represent the key components of stroke care. Detection refers to recognizing the symptoms of a stroke. Dispatch involves calling emergency services for immediate assistance. Delivery refers to transporting the patient to a specialized stroke center. Door signifies the arrival at the stroke center and prompt evaluation. Data refers to collecting and analyzing information about the patient's condition. Decision involves making treatment decisions based on the collected data. Drug refers to administering appropriate medications for stroke treatment.

Hyperventilation: Over-ventilating the patient can lead to a number of problems, such as decreased cardiac output, increased intrathoracic pressure, and reduced blood flow to the heart and brain. It is important to provide adequate, controlled breaths rather than rapid or forceful breaths.

Airway: The first step is to ensure that the patient's airway is open and clear. This may involve positioning the head to open the airway or removing any obstructions.

Breathing: After the airway is secured, the responder checks if the patient is breathing adequately. This includes observing chest movements, listening for breath sounds, and providing ventilation if necessary.

Circulation: The next step involves assessing the patient's circulation, which includes checking for major bleeding, assessing pulse rate and quality, and initiating CPR if there is no pulse.

Disability: Finally, a quick neurological assessment is performed to determine the patient's level of consciousness and any possible disability. This is often done using the AVPU scale (Alert, Verbal response, Pain response, Unresponsive).

In the context of a suspected myocardial infarction (MI), the first medication that should be administered is aspirin. Aspirin inhibits platelet aggregation, which helps prevent further clot formation and improves patient outcomes. Nitroglycerin may be considered if the blood pressure is stable, but given the hypotension (90/60 mmHg), it may not be immediately appropriate. Morphine can be used for pain relief after addressing the antiplatelet therapy and ensuring hemodynamic stability. Epinephrine is not indicated for a suspected MI.

When treating a patient with bradycardia, the first initial action according to the Bradycardia algorithm is to maintain a patent airway. This is important because a patent airway ensures that the patient is able to breathe properly and receive adequate oxygenation. It is a crucial step in managing any medical emergency and should be prioritized to ensure the patient's safety and well-being.

The correct answer suggests a comprehensive approach to addressing volume problems in a patient. It includes giving fluids to replenish volume, considering blood transfusions if necessary, considering the use of vasopressors to increase blood pressure, and implementing cause-specific interventions to address the underlying issue. This approach ensures that the patient's volume status is optimized and any underlying causes of the problem are addressed.

When dealing with a hypothermic patient, the first thing to do is to remove all wet garments. This is because wet clothes can further decrease the body temperature and prevent the patient from warming up. By removing the wet garments, the patient's body will have a better chance of retaining heat and improving their condition. Checking ABC's (airway, breathing, and circulation), starting CPR, and checking core temperature are important steps in treating a patient, but removing wet garments takes priority in this situation.

Hypothermia is a condition where the body loses heat faster than it can produce it, causing a dangerously low body temperature. A decreased heart rate is a symptom of hypothermia, not an increased one. The other options are all common symptoms of hypothermia.

Stroke patients should avoid D 5 W and excessive fluid loading. D 5 W is a solution containing dextrose and water, which can increase blood sugar levels and potentially worsen the patient's condition. Excessive fluid loading can lead to increased intracranial pressure and swelling in the brain, which can be detrimental for stroke patients. Therefore, it is important to avoid both D 5 W and excessive fluid loading in order to ensure the best possible outcome for stroke patients.

Morphine is an opioid medication used to treat moderate to severe pain. It can cause a range of side effects, including constipation, nausea and vomiting, and respiratory depression. However, it typically slows the heart rate, not increases it.

When searching for and treating possible contributing factors, the T's that should be considered are Toxins, Cardiac Tamponade, Tension Pneumothorax, Thrombosis, and Trauma. These are potential causes or factors that could be contributing to the condition or symptoms being observed. It is important to evaluate and address each of these factors in order to effectively diagnose and treat the patient.

In a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG), Leads I,II and aVF primarily show information related to the lateral and inferior walls of the heart, respectively. They do not specifically show the septal or anterior walls of the heart. Other leads, such as V1-V6, are typically used to assess the septal and anterior walls.