A&p II Final Exam Review
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This structure prevents food or water from entering the trachea.
About This Quiz
The A&P II Final Exam Review assesses knowledge in anatomy and physiology, focusing on olfactory receptors, their support systems, and sensory adaptation. It's designed for students preparing for advanced health sciences exams, enhancing understanding of biological functions related to smell.
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- 2.
Which of the following anterior pituitary hormones stimulates milk production?
Explanation
Prolactin is the hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates milk production in the mammary glands. It plays a crucial role in lactation and is responsible for the production and secretion of breast milk in females after childbirth. Prolactin levels increase during pregnancy and remain high during breastfeeding to ensure an adequate milk supply for the infant. Therefore, it is the correct answer to the question.Rate this question:
- 3.
The name of the structure that increases the volume of the atria is called an
Explanation
The structure that increases the volume of the atria is called an auricle. The auricle is a small, muscular pouch-like structure located on the outer surface of each atrium in the heart. It helps to increase the capacity of the atria, allowing them to hold more blood. This increased volume of blood in the atria is important for efficient filling of the ventricles and subsequent pumping of blood to the rest of the body.Rate this question:
- 4.
This occurs when water loss is greater than water gain.
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Dehydration
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Evaporation
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Precipitation
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Insensible loss
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None of the above
Correct Answer
A. DehydrationExplanation
Dehydration refers to a condition where the body loses more water than it gains. This can happen due to various reasons such as excessive sweating, inadequate fluid intake, or certain medical conditions. When the body is dehydrated, it lacks the necessary amount of water to carry out its normal functions, which can lead to symptoms like dry mouth, fatigue, dizziness, and decreased urine output. Therefore, the given statement accurately describes the concept of dehydration.Rate this question:
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- 5.
How many extrinsic eye muscles are responsible for moving the eye?
Correct Answer
6Explanation
There are six extrinsic eye muscles responsible for moving the eye. These muscles include the superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, lateral rectus, superior oblique, and inferior oblique. Each muscle has a specific action and works together to control the movement and position of the eye.Rate this question:
- 6.
Which of the following is a waste product normally excreted by the kidneys?
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Urea
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Glucose
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Insulin
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Cholesterol
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Carbon dioxide
Correct Answer
A. UreaExplanation
Urea is a waste product that is normally excreted by the kidneys. It is formed in the liver as a result of protein metabolism and is transported to the kidneys for elimination. The kidneys filter urea from the blood and excrete it in the urine. Glucose, insulin, cholesterol, and carbon dioxide are not waste products excreted by the kidneys. Glucose is a sugar used for energy, insulin is a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels, cholesterol is a lipid used for various bodily functions, and carbon dioxide is a waste product of cellular respiration that is primarily excreted by the lungs.Rate this question:
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- 7.
An analysis of the physical, chemical and microscopic properties of urine is called
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Urinalysis
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Filtration study
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Concentration study
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Diuretic
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Osmolarity
Correct Answer
A. UrinalysisExplanation
Urinalysis is the correct answer because it refers to the examination of urine to evaluate its physical, chemical, and microscopic properties. It involves various tests to detect and diagnose various medical conditions such as urinary tract infections, kidney diseases, and diabetes. The other options, such as filtration study, concentration study, diuretic, and osmolarity, do not encompass the comprehensive analysis of urine as urinalysis does.Rate this question:
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- 8.
The cardiovascular center is located in
Correct Answer
medulla oblongataExplanation
The cardiovascular center is located in the medulla oblongata. This is because the medulla oblongata is part of the brain stem and plays a crucial role in regulating and controlling various involuntary functions of the body, including the cardiovascular system. It receives sensory information from the body and sends appropriate signals to regulate heart rate, blood pressure, and blood vessel diameter, among other functions. Therefore, the medulla oblongata is responsible for maintaining homeostasis and ensuring the proper functioning of the cardiovascular system.Rate this question:
- 9.
Which of the following is NOT a sign of inflammation?
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Redness
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Pain
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Heat
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Mucus production
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Swelling
Correct Answer
A. Mucus productionExplanation
Mucus production is not a sign of inflammation because it is not directly associated with the immune response that occurs during inflammation. Inflammation is characterized by redness, pain, heat, and swelling, which are all caused by increased blood flow and the release of inflammatory mediators. Mucus production, on the other hand, is typically associated with respiratory infections or allergies, and is a response to irritation or inflammation of the respiratory tract.Rate this question:
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- 10.
When one hormone opposing the action of another hormone it is called:
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Synergistic effects
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Permissive effects
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Antagonistic effects
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Circulating
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Local
Correct Answer
A. Antagonistic effectsExplanation
Antagonistic effects occur when one hormone opposes the action of another hormone. This means that the two hormones have opposite effects on the same target cell or organ. For example, insulin and glucagon have antagonistic effects on blood sugar levels. Insulin lowers blood sugar levels by promoting glucose uptake by cells, while glucagon raises blood sugar levels by stimulating the breakdown of glycogen into glucose. Therefore, the correct answer is antagonistic effects.Rate this question:
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- 11.
The ________ muscles contract in response to cold temperatures and move the testes closer to the body to absorb more body heat.
Correct Answer
cremasterExplanation
The cremaster muscles contract in response to cold temperatures and move the testes closer to the body to absorb more body heat. These muscles are responsible for regulating the temperature of the testes, helping to maintain the optimal conditions for sperm production. When the temperature drops, the cremaster muscles contract, pulling the testes closer to the body where they can benefit from the warmth generated by the body. This contraction helps to prevent damage to the sperm cells and ensures their viability.Rate this question:
- 12.
Which blood glucose lowering hormone is produced by the pancreatic islet cells?
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Insulin
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Plasma proteins
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Blood clotting factors
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Thyroid hormones
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Calcitonin
Correct Answer
A. InsulinExplanation
Insulin is the correct answer because it is the hormone produced by the pancreatic islet cells that helps to lower blood glucose levels. It is responsible for facilitating the uptake of glucose from the bloodstream into cells, where it can be used for energy or stored for later use. Insulin also plays a crucial role in regulating carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism in the body.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Which of the below vessels is a pulse point at the wrist?
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Radial artery
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Subclavian artery
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Axillary artery
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Cephalic artery
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Palmar artery
Correct Answer
A. Radial arteryExplanation
The pulse point at the wrist is known as the radial artery. This artery is located on the thumb side of the wrist and is commonly used to check the pulse rate. It is easily accessible and can be felt by placing two fingers (usually the index and middle finger) gently on the wrist. The radial artery carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the hand and fingers.Rate this question:
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- 14.
This is the portion of the stomach that connects to the duodenum:
Correct Answer
pyloric sphincterExplanation
The pyloric sphincter is the correct answer because it is the portion of the stomach that connects to the duodenum. It is a muscular valve that controls the flow of partially digested food from the stomach to the small intestine. The pyloric sphincter helps regulate the passage of food, allowing it to enter the small intestine in controlled amounts for further digestion and absorption.Rate this question:
- 15.
These cells may eventually become spermatozoa
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Sertoli cells
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Sustentacular cells
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Spermatogenic cells
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Chief cells
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Speciation cells
Correct Answer
A. Spermatogenic cellsExplanation
Spermatogenic cells are the correct answer because they are the cells in the testes that undergo spermatogenesis, the process of producing spermatozoa (sperm cells). These cells differentiate and mature to eventually become spermatozoa. Sertoli cells, also known as sustentacular cells, provide support and nourishment to the developing sperm cells. Chief cells are not involved in spermatogenesis, and speciation cells is not a known term in the context of sperm cell development.Rate this question:
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- 16.
PTH, calcitriol, and calcitonin are
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The main regulators of magnesium in the blood
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The main regulators of phosphate in the blood
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The main regulators of calcium in the blood
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The main regulators of NaCl in the blood
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None of the above
Correct Answer
A. The main regulators of calcium in the bloodExplanation
PTH (parathyroid hormone), calcitriol (active form of vitamin D), and calcitonin are all involved in regulating calcium levels in the blood. PTH increases calcium levels by stimulating the release of calcium from bones and promoting its reabsorption in the kidneys. Calcitriol enhances calcium absorption from the intestines. Calcitonin, on the other hand, decreases calcium levels by inhibiting calcium release from bones. Therefore, these hormones collectively play a crucial role in maintaining calcium homeostasis in the blood.Rate this question:
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- 17.
This is the formation of a new glucose molecule.
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Glycolysis
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Gluconeogenesis
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Glucosamine
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Glucose
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Calcitriol
Correct Answer
A. GluconeogenesisExplanation
Gluconeogenesis is the process by which new glucose molecules are formed in the body. It occurs primarily in the liver and kidneys and is important for maintaining blood glucose levels. During gluconeogenesis, non-carbohydrate sources such as amino acids and glycerol are converted into glucose. This process is essential during times of fasting or low carbohydrate intake when the body needs to produce glucose for energy. Glycolysis, on the other hand, is the breakdown of glucose into pyruvate to produce energy. Glucosamine is a compound involved in the synthesis of connective tissues, glucose is a simple sugar, and calcitriol is the active form of vitamin D.Rate this question:
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- 18.
This is a condition where blood pH is below 7.35?
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Isodosis
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Acidosis
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Alkalosis
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Alkalemia
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None of the above
Correct Answer
A. AcidosisExplanation
Acidosis is a condition where blood pH is below 7.35. This means that the blood is more acidic than normal. It can occur due to various reasons such as respiratory problems, kidney disease, or metabolic disorders. When acidosis occurs, it can disrupt the normal functioning of the body and lead to symptoms like fatigue, confusion, and shortness of breath. Treatment for acidosis typically involves addressing the underlying cause and restoring the pH balance of the blood.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Which of the below vessels supples blood to the intestines?
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Subclavian artery
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Mesentric artery
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Coronary artery
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Popiteal artery
Correct Answer
A. Mesentric arteryExplanation
The correct answer is mesenteric artery. The mesenteric artery is responsible for supplying blood to the intestines. It branches off from the abdominal aorta and delivers oxygenated blood to the small and large intestines. Without the mesenteric artery, the intestines would not receive the necessary nutrients and oxygen to function properly. The other options, subclavian artery, coronary artery, and popliteal artery, are not directly involved in supplying blood to the intestines.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Which is the correct of filtrate flow?
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Glomerular capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, Loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, collecting duct
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Loop of Henle, glomerular capsule, PCT, DCT, collecting duct
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Ascending limb of loop, PCT, DCT, collecting duct, glomerular capsule
Correct Answer
A. Glomerular capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, Loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, collecting duct -
- 21.
This part of the brain regulates heart rate.
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Cardiac accelerator nerves
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Chemoreceptors
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Medulla oblongata
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Vagus nerve
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Proprioceptors
Correct Answer
A. Medulla oblongataExplanation
The medulla oblongata is a part of the brain that controls various involuntary functions, including heart rate regulation. It contains specialized cells and nerve fibers that transmit signals to the heart, influencing its rate and rhythm. The medulla oblongata receives information from other parts of the body and responds by adjusting the heart rate accordingly. Therefore, it is responsible for regulating heart rate and ensuring the proper functioning of the cardiovascular system.Rate this question:
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- 22.
This is located anterior to the esophagus and carries air to the bronchi.
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Trachea
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Larynx
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Nasopharynx
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Pharynx
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None of the above
Correct Answer
A. TracheaExplanation
The trachea is a tube located anterior to the esophagus that carries air to the bronchi. It is commonly known as the windpipe and is a vital part of the respiratory system. The trachea is made up of cartilage rings that help keep it open and prevent it from collapsing. It connects the larynx (voice box) to the bronchi, allowing air to pass through and reach the lungs.Rate this question:
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- 23.
About 80% of the extracellular fluid is ________.
Correct Answer
interstitial fluidExplanation
The correct answer is interstitial fluid. Interstitial fluid is the fluid that surrounds and fills the spaces between cells in tissues. It is a major component of the extracellular fluid, which also includes the fluid in the blood vessels (plasma). Interstitial fluid plays a crucial role in delivering nutrients and oxygen to cells, as well as removing waste products. It also helps maintain the balance of electrolytes and other substances in the body.Rate this question:
- 24.
Which of the following is NOT a function of a hormone?
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Regulates chemical composition and volume of the internal environment
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Regulates metabolism
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Regulates glandular secretions
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Produces electrolytes
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Controls growth and development
Correct Answer
A. Produces electrolytesExplanation
Hormones are chemical messengers that regulate various physiological processes in the body. They play a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis, regulating metabolism, controlling glandular secretions, and controlling growth and development. However, hormones do not produce electrolytes. Electrolytes are substances that dissociate into ions in solution and are responsible for maintaining fluid balance, conducting electrical impulses, and regulating pH levels in the body. Hormones may influence the levels of electrolytes in the body, but they do not directly produce them.Rate this question:
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- 25.
These are mainly used to kill infectious microbes and tumor cells.
Correct Answer
natural killer cellsExplanation
Natural killer cells are a type of white blood cells that play a crucial role in the immune system. They are primarily responsible for killing infectious microbes and tumor cells. Unlike other immune cells, natural killer cells do not require prior activation to recognize and eliminate these harmful cells. They can directly identify and destroy infected or cancerous cells by releasing toxic substances. Therefore, natural killer cells are essential in providing an immediate response against infections and preventing the development of tumors.Rate this question:
- 26.
The cough reflex is usually due to stimulation of the mucous membrane of the ________.
Correct Answer
carinaExplanation
The cough reflex is usually due to stimulation of the mucous membrane of the carina. The carina is a ridge of cartilage located at the bifurcation of the trachea into the bronchi. It is a highly sensitive area that contains a large number of cough receptors. When the mucous membrane of the carina is irritated by foreign particles or excessive mucus, it triggers the cough reflex as a protective mechanism to clear the airways.Rate this question:
- 27.
Which cells secrete intrinsic factor?
Correct Answer
parietal cellsExplanation
Parietal cells are responsible for secreting intrinsic factor. Intrinsic factor is a protein that is essential for the absorption of vitamin B12 in the small intestine. It is produced by the parietal cells in the gastric glands of the stomach. Intrinsic factor binds to vitamin B12 and helps it to be absorbed by the cells in the ileum of the small intestine. Without intrinsic factor, vitamin B12 cannot be properly absorbed, leading to a deficiency which can result in anemia and other health problems.Rate this question:
- 28.
What antigens does a person have on their RBC if their plasma has antibody A?
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A
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B
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O
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A and B
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No antigens
Correct Answer
A. BExplanation
If a person's plasma has antibody A, it means that their body recognizes and produces antibodies against the A antigen. Therefore, the person cannot have the A antigen on their red blood cells (RBCs). However, they can have the B antigen on their RBCs, as indicated by the correct answer B. This is because the A and B antigens are independent of each other, and a person can have either one, both, or none of these antigens on their RBCs.Rate this question:
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- 29.
This is used to reduce the friction between membranes of the heart.
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Epicardium
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Endocardium layer
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Pericardium
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Pericardial (serous) fluid
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Pericardial cavit
Correct Answer
A. Pericardial (serous) fluidExplanation
The pericardial (serous) fluid is a lubricating fluid that fills the pericardial cavity, which is the space between the layers of the pericardium (the protective membrane surrounding the heart). This fluid helps to reduce friction between the membranes of the heart as they contract and expand during the cardiac cycle. By reducing friction, the pericardial fluid allows the heart to beat smoothly and efficiently, without any unnecessary resistance or damage to the delicate tissues.Rate this question:
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- 30.
This is characterized by the inability of the immune system to protect the body from a pathogen.
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Immunodeficiency diseases
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Allergy
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Autoimmune disease
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Transplantations
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Graft
Correct Answer
A. Immunodeficiency diseasesExplanation
Immunodeficiency diseases refer to conditions where the immune system is unable to effectively defend the body against pathogens. This can be due to a weakened or absent immune response, making individuals more susceptible to infections and diseases. Unlike allergies, which are exaggerated immune responses to harmless substances, or autoimmune diseases, where the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues, immunodeficiency diseases specifically involve an impaired ability to fight off pathogens. Transplantations and grafts, on the other hand, involve the transfer of tissues or organs from one individual to another and are not directly related to the inability of the immune system to protect against pathogens.Rate this question:
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- 31.
An acute allergic response can lead to:
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Transplantation
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Retroviruses
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Anaphylactic shock
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Passive immunity
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Active immunity
Correct Answer
A. Anaphylactic shockExplanation
An acute allergic response can lead to anaphylactic shock, which is a severe and potentially life-threatening allergic reaction. Anaphylactic shock occurs when the immune system overreacts to an allergen, triggering a release of chemicals that cause a sudden drop in blood pressure and narrowing of airways. This can result in difficulty breathing, loss of consciousness, and even death if not treated promptly. Therefore, anaphylactic shock is a serious consequence of an acute allergic response.Rate this question:
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- 32.
Which of the following anterior pituitary hormones stimulates growth of long bones?
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Human growth hormone
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Prolactin
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Thyrotropin
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Follicle stimulating hormone
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Adrenocorticotropic hormone
Correct Answer
A. Human growth hormoneExplanation
Human growth hormone (HGH) stimulates the growth of long bones. It is produced by the anterior pituitary gland and plays a crucial role in regulating growth, cell reproduction, and regeneration. HGH acts directly on the bones and promotes the division and multiplication of bone cells, leading to an increase in bone length and overall growth. It also stimulates the production of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), which further promotes bone growth. Therefore, HGH is the correct answer as it specifically targets and stimulates the growth of long bones.Rate this question:
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- 33.
This is a blood vessel that conveys blood from the tissues back to the heart.
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Artery
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Arteriole
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Aorta
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Vein
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Capillary
Correct Answer
A. VeinExplanation
A vein is a blood vessel that carries blood from the tissues back to the heart. Unlike arteries, veins have thinner walls and contain valves to prevent the backflow of blood. Veins are responsible for transporting deoxygenated blood back to the heart, where it can be reoxygenated and pumped to the rest of the body.Rate this question:
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- 34.
Which of the below is NOT found in arteries but IS found in veins?
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Tunica externa
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Tunica media
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Tunica interna
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Valves
Correct Answer
A. ValvesExplanation
Valves are NOT found in arteries but ARE found in veins. Valves are one-way structures that prevent the backflow of blood in veins, ensuring that blood flows towards the heart. Arteries, on the other hand, do not require valves as they carry oxygenated blood away from the heart under high pressure, and the pressure from the heart contractions is sufficient to keep the blood flowing in the desired direction. Therefore, the presence of valves is a characteristic feature of veins, distinguishing them from arteries.Rate this question:
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- 35.
Capillaries are also known as
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Exchange vessels
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Vasoconstrictors
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Vasodilators
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Pressure reservoirs
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Distributing vessels
Correct Answer
A. Exchange vesselsExplanation
Capillaries are known as exchange vessels because they are the smallest blood vessels in the body and are responsible for the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between the blood and the surrounding tissues. Their thin walls and large surface area allow for efficient diffusion of substances, making them the primary site for exchange in the circulatory system.Rate this question:
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- 36.
This induces production of a specific antibody.
Correct Answer
antigensExplanation
Antigens are substances that can induce the production of specific antibodies in the immune system. When antigens enter the body, they trigger an immune response, leading to the production of antibodies that are specifically designed to target and neutralize the antigens. This immune response is a crucial defense mechanism that helps the body recognize and eliminate harmful substances such as bacteria, viruses, or foreign particles. Therefore, the statement "This induces production of a specific antibody" accurately describes the role of antigens in stimulating the immune system to produce targeted antibodies.Rate this question:
- 37.
These cells provide for the sense of smeill
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Olfactory hair cells
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Glial cells
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Basal stem cells
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Bowman's glands
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Gustatory cells
Correct Answer
A. Olfactory hair cellsExplanation
Olfactory hair cells are responsible for the sense of smell. They are located in the olfactory epithelium in the upper part of the nasal cavity. These cells have specialized cilia called olfactory hairs that detect and transmit odor molecules to the brain for interpretation. When odor molecules bind to the olfactory hairs, it triggers a signal which is then transmitted to the olfactory bulb in the brain, allowing us to perceive different smells. Therefore, olfactory hair cells play a crucial role in our ability to detect and perceive smells.Rate this question:
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- 38.
Which layer consists of cardiac muscle tissue?
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Epicardium
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Pericardium
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Myocardium
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Endocardium
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Hypocardium
Correct Answer
A. MyocardiumExplanation
The myocardium is the correct answer because it is the layer of the heart that consists of cardiac muscle tissue. This layer is responsible for contracting and pumping blood throughout the body. The epicardium is the outermost layer, the pericardium is the membrane that surrounds and protects the heart, the endocardium is the innermost layer that lines the chambers of the heart, and the hypocardium is not a recognized term in relation to the layers of the heart.Rate this question:
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- 39.
The pulmonary trunk divides into
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Right pulmonary artery
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Left pulmonary artery
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Pulmonary veins
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Right and left pulmonary arteries
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Right pulmonary vein and artery
Correct Answer
A. Right and left pulmonary arteriesExplanation
The correct answer is "right and left pulmonary arteries." The pulmonary trunk is a large blood vessel that carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs. It divides into two branches, the right and left pulmonary arteries, which carry the deoxygenated blood to the right and left lungs, respectively. These arteries then further divide into smaller branches within the lungs to deliver blood to the capillaries for oxygenation. The pulmonary veins, on the other hand, carry oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart.Rate this question:
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- 40.
This is the principle bile pigment.
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Stercobilin
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Bilirubin
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Biliverdin
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Both A and B
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All of the above
Correct Answer
A. BilirubinExplanation
Bilirubin is the correct answer because it is the main pigment found in bile. It is formed from the breakdown of hemoglobin in red blood cells and is responsible for the yellow color of bile and the yellowish tint of jaundice. Bilirubin is then excreted in the bile and plays a role in the digestion and absorption of fats in the small intestine. Therefore, it is the principle bile pigment.Rate this question:
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- 41.
This is composed of three cylindrical masses of erectile tissue each surrounded by a fibrous tissue.
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Testes
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Prostate
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Bladder
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Penis
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Urethra
Correct Answer
A. PenisExplanation
The given correct answer is "penis". The penis is composed of three cylindrical masses of erectile tissue, namely the two corpora cavernosa and the corpus spongiosum, each surrounded by a fibrous tissue. These erectile tissues fill with blood during sexual arousal, causing the penis to become erect. The penis also contains the urethra, which serves as a passage for urine and semen.Rate this question:
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- 42.
This heart structure(s) carries deoxygenated blood.
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Left atrium and ventricle
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Left atrium only
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Right atrium and ventricle
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Right ventricle only
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Left atrium and right ventricle
Correct Answer
A. Right atrium and ventricleExplanation
The right atrium and ventricle carry deoxygenated blood. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body through the superior and inferior vena cava. It then contracts and pumps the blood into the right ventricle. The right ventricle then contracts and pumps the deoxygenated blood into the pulmonary artery, which carries it to the lungs for oxygenation. Therefore, the correct answer is right atrium and ventricle.Rate this question:
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- 43.
Lack of immune resistance is also know as:
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Pathogenic
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Innate
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Specific
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Susceptibility
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Lymphatic
Correct Answer
A. SusceptibilityExplanation
Susceptibility refers to the lack of immune resistance, making an individual more prone to infections or diseases. It indicates a vulnerability or predisposition to being affected by pathogens or harmful agents.Rate this question:
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- 44.
This is a mass of tissue from the sternum to the vertebral column between the lungs.
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Epicardium
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Parietal layer
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Pericardial tissue
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Mediastinum
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Fibrous cardium
Correct Answer
A. MediastinumExplanation
The correct answer is "Mediastinum". The mediastinum is a mass of tissue that is located between the sternum and the vertebral column, and it is situated between the lungs. It contains various structures such as the heart, major blood vessels, esophagus, trachea, and lymph nodes. The mediastinum plays a crucial role in supporting and protecting these organs and facilitating their proper functioning.Rate this question:
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- 45.
As each atrium contracts where does blood move?
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Into an auricle
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Into an artery
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Into a vein
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Through an atrioventricular valve
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Through a semilunar valve
Correct Answer
A. Through an atrioventricular valveExplanation
When each atrium contracts, blood moves through an atrioventricular valve. This valve separates the atria from the ventricles and ensures that blood flows in one direction, preventing any backflow. The contraction of the atria causes the valve to open, allowing blood to flow into the ventricles. Once the ventricles contract, the valve closes to prevent blood from flowing back into the atria. Therefore, the correct answer is "Through an atrioventricular valve."Rate this question:
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- 46.
The major hormone that regulates water loss is
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ANP
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Angiotensin II
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Renin
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ADH
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Angiotensin
Correct Answer
A. ADHExplanation
ADH, or antidiuretic hormone, is the major hormone that regulates water loss. ADH is released by the pituitary gland in response to low blood volume or high blood osmolality. It acts on the kidneys to increase water reabsorption, reducing water loss through urine. This helps to maintain the body's water balance and prevent dehydration. ANP, angiotensin II, renin, and angiotensin are also involved in the regulation of water balance, but ADH plays a primary role in controlling water loss.Rate this question:
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- 47.
What is Wendy's email address?
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- 48.
These are lipid soluble hormones derived from cholesterol.
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Steroids
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Thyroid hormones
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Nitric Oxide
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Amine hormones
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Peptide hormones
Correct Answer
A. SteroidsExplanation
Steroids are a type of lipid soluble hormone derived from cholesterol. They are characterized by their ability to easily pass through cell membranes and bind to intracellular receptors. This allows them to directly affect gene expression and regulate various physiological processes in the body. Examples of steroid hormones include cortisol, estrogen, and testosterone.Rate this question:
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- 49.
Considering Rh blood types, which of the below situations would result in maternal antibodies attacking the fetus?
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Mom is Rh negative and fetus is Rh negative
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Mom is Rh negative and fetus is Rh positive
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Mom is Rh positive and fetus is Rh positive
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Mom is Rh positive and fetus is Rh negative
Correct Answer
A. Mom is Rh negative and fetus is Rh positiveExplanation
When a Rh-negative mother is carrying a Rh-positive fetus, it can lead to maternal antibodies attacking the fetus. This occurs because the mother's immune system recognizes the Rh antigen on the fetal red blood cells as foreign and produces antibodies against it. These antibodies can cross the placenta and attack the fetal red blood cells, leading to a condition called hemolytic disease of the newborn. This can result in severe anemia, jaundice, and other complications for the fetus. Therefore, the situation where the mother is Rh negative and the fetus is Rh positive can trigger an immune response that harms the fetus.Rate this question:
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