OWASP Top 10 Quiz With Answers

SQL Injection is the correct answer because it is a technique used to exploit web sites by altering backend database queries through inputting manipulated queries. In SQL Injection, an attacker inserts malicious SQL code into input fields, which is then executed by the application's database. This allows the attacker to manipulate the database and potentially gain unauthorized access to sensitive information or perform unauthorized actions on the website.

Phishing refers to a type of online scam where individuals are tricked into providing sensitive information, such as passwords or credit card details, by posing as a trustworthy entity through fraudulent emails or websites. This fraudulent activity aims to deceive users into believing they are interacting with a legitimate organization, ultimately leading to financial loss or identity theft.

From the options given, the correct answer is "Contact Caisse to confirm the information." In this context, "Caisse" refers to Desjardins, a financial group in Canada. If you receive an email claiming that you've won a contest from Desjardins, it's important to verify the information by contacting the organization directly. This helps ensure that you're not falling victim to a potential scam or phishing attempt. By contacting Desjardins, you can confirm if the contest is legitimate and if you have indeed won a prize.

Cross-site scripting (XSS) is an attack that allows an attacker to inject malicious scripts into web pages viewed by users. These scripts can then be executed in the user's browser, giving the attacker the ability to hijack user sessions, manipulate website content, or redirect users to malicious sites. XSS attacks are a significant threat to web applications and can lead to various security vulnerabilities if not properly mitigated.

A cookie is a file that makes it easier to access a website and browse. When a user visits a website, the website sends a small piece of data (cookie) to the user's browser, which is stored on their device. This cookie contains information about the user's preferences, login credentials, and browsing behavior. The next time the user visits the same website, the browser sends the cookie back to the website, allowing it to remember the user's preferences and provide a personalized browsing experience. Cookies do not have any connection to computer viruses or identity theft.

Improper authentication is a flaw that can lead to the exposure of resources or functionality to unintended actors. This means that the system does not properly verify the identity of users before granting them access to certain resources or functionalities. As a result, unauthorized individuals may be able to gain access to sensitive information or perform actions that they should not have the privilege to do. This flaw can be exploited by attackers to compromise the security of the system and potentially cause harm or damage.

The use of proper security techniques can minimize the threat of attackers and prevent most hackers from accessing your system. By implementing effective security measures, such as firewalls, encryption, and authentication protocols, the likelihood of successful attacks and unauthorized access is greatly reduced. While it cannot provide 100 percent security, it significantly enhances the overall security posture of the system and acts as a deterrent for potential attackers.

If there is no list of limited values authorized for a user in the direct reference, it means that there are no restrictions on the data that the user can access. This lack of authorization control can lead to unauthorized access to sensitive data, making it possible for someone to view or manipulate sensitive information without proper permission.

An IP address is similar to a mailing address because it identifies the location of a device connected to the internet. Just as a mailing address is used to send and receive physical mail, an IP address is used to send and receive data packets over the internet. It allows devices to communicate with each other and ensures that data is delivered to the correct destination.

The statement is true. Client-side scripts can be allowed to execute in web browsers for various operations, such as form validation, dynamic content generation, and interactive user interfaces. JavaScript is a common language used for client-side scripting, allowing developers to enhance the functionality and interactivity of web pages.

Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) is a security mechanism that restricts access to certain resources based on the roles assigned to users. By implementing RBAC, access to URLs can be restricted based on the roles assigned to users, thereby preventing unauthorized access to sensitive information. This helps address the weakness of "Failure to restrict URL Access" as RBAC ensures that only users with the appropriate roles are granted access to specific URLs, reducing the risk of unauthorized access and potential security breaches.

If a connection changes from HTTP to HTTPS without changing the session identifier, the flaw that arises is session replay. Session replay refers to the act of an attacker intercepting and replaying a session token or identifier to gain unauthorized access to a user's session. In this scenario, if the session identifier remains the same during the transition from HTTP to HTTPS, an attacker can capture the session identifier and use it to replay the session, effectively impersonating the user and gaining unauthorized access to their session.

Not flagging HTTP cookies with tokens as secure can lead to the threat of session hijacking. Session hijacking refers to an attacker gaining unauthorized access to a user's session by stealing or intercepting their session token. By not flagging cookies as secure, they can be transmitted over insecure channels, making them vulnerable to interception and misuse. This can allow an attacker to impersonate the user and perform actions on their behalf, compromising the security and integrity of the session.

Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) is the correct answer because it involves exploiting the trust between a website and a user's browser. CSRF attacks trick a user's browser into making unintended requests to a website on which the user is authenticated, allowing the attacker to perform actions on behalf of the user without their knowledge or consent. This attack takes advantage of the fact that websites often trust requests coming from a user's browser, making it a dangerous vulnerability that can lead to unauthorized actions being performed.

Session Fixation is a vulnerability where an attacker can fix or set a session identifier for a user before they authenticate. This allows the attacker to hijack the session once the user logs in. Session Hijacking, on the other hand, is when an attacker steals or hijacks an existing session by obtaining the session identifier. Both vulnerabilities involve unauthorized access to a user's session, but session fixation involves setting the session identifier beforehand, while session hijacking involves stealing it after authentication.

Establishing network permissions ensures that users can only access the system resources that are necessary for them to accomplish their tasks. By limiting their access to only authorized resources, the risk of unauthorized access or misuse of system resources is minimized. This helps prevent hackers from stealing a legitimate user's identity or posing as legitimate users, as they will not have access to resources beyond what they are authorized for. Therefore, the statement that "Only the resources authorized for that user will be at risk" is the correct explanation.

An effective security system should be highly secure to protect against unauthorized access. It should also be easy to use so that users can easily navigate and utilize the system without difficulty. Additionally, the system should be flexible and scalable, meaning it can adapt to changing needs and can expand or contract as necessary. Lastly, the system should provide comprehensive alarming and reporting capabilities to alert users of any potential security breaches and to keep track of system activity.

The statistics mentioned indicate that there are several reasons why many companies connected to the Internet are not sufficiently secure. One reason is that many companies do not have a written security policy in place. This means that they do not have clear guidelines and protocols for ensuring the security of their networks. Another reason is that many companies have insufficient protection between the Internet and their company networks. This means that there are vulnerabilities and weak points in their network infrastructure that can be exploited by attackers. Lastly, many companies have insufficient information about the traffic over their company networks, which means they may not have the necessary visibility and monitoring capabilities to identify and respond to security threats effectively.