Medical Term Quiz Questions Part - 11

Acquired pulmonary alveolar proteinosis is a condition characterized by the accumulation of surfactant in the alveoli of the lungs, leading to impaired gas exchange. This condition is acquired, meaning it is not present at birth but develops later in life. IPF (idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis) is a different condition characterized by progressive scarring of the lung tissue. Pemphigus vulgaris is an autoimmune disorder that affects the skin and mucous membranes. Molluscum contagiosum is a viral skin infection. Therefore, the correct answer is Acquired pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, as it is the only option that matches the given description.

In the life cycle of the malaria parasite, the definitive host refers to the organism in which the parasite reaches sexual maturity and reproduces. The correct answer is mosquito because it acts as the definitive host for the malaria parasite. Mosquitoes become infected with the parasite when they feed on the blood of an infected human. Inside the mosquito, the parasite undergoes sexual reproduction and produces new forms called sporozoites. These sporozoites are then transmitted to humans when the infected mosquito bites them, continuing the life cycle of the malaria parasite.

Aspergillus flavus is a type of opportunistic fungi that is known to produce mycotoxins. Mycotoxins are toxic compounds produced by certain fungi that can contaminate food and feed, posing a risk to human and animal health. Aspergillus flavus is particularly associated with the production of aflatoxins, which are potent carcinogens and can cause liver damage. Therefore, Aspergillus flavus is the correct answer in this case.

Chloral hydrate is also known as Mickey Finn.

PGH2 is the correct answer because it is a product of arachidonic acid metabolism by the cyclooxygenase pathway. Arachidonic acid is converted into prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) by the enzyme cyclooxygenase. PGH2 is then further metabolized into various prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and prostacyclins, which play important roles in inflammation, blood clotting, and other physiological processes in the body.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a condition characterized by the enlargement of the prostate gland. The periurethral transition zone refers to the area of the prostate gland where the urethra passes through. This zone is responsible for the growth and development of the prostate gland. Therefore, BPH first develops in the periurethral transition zone as it is the region where the prostate gland undergoes hyperplasia, leading to the enlargement of the gland and subsequent symptoms associated with BPH.

Infection of inactive tubercular cavities by Aspergillus fumigatus gives rise to solid mass like lesions inside the cavity (aspergilloma/mycetoma or fungus ball).

The ductus arteriosus is a fetal blood vessel that connects the pulmonary artery to the descending aorta. It allows blood to bypass the lungs since they are not yet functional in the womb. The ductus arteriosus is derived from the 6th aortic arch, which is one of the paired embryonic structures that give rise to the major arteries of the head and neck.

Lipschutz inclusion bodies are typically observed in infections caused by the Herpes virus. These inclusion bodies are eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions that can be found in infected cells. They are composed of viral proteins and nucleic acids and are characteristic of Herpes virus infections. Inclusions bodies are often used as diagnostic markers for identifying the presence of specific viruses in infected tissues.

Zidovudine is the correct answer because it is known to have the strongest association with cardiomyopathy among the given drugs. Cardiomyopathy is a condition that affects the heart muscle, causing it to become enlarged, thickened, or rigid. Zidovudine is an antiretroviral medication used to treat HIV/AIDS, but it has been associated with the development of cardiomyopathy in some patients. This side effect is rare but can occur, and it is important for healthcare providers to monitor patients taking zidovudine for any signs or symptoms of cardiomyopathy.